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Three-dimensional echocardiography in adults with congenital heart disease: a scientific statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology
No full textAbstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common inborn defect affecting up to 1% of newborns. The prevalence of CHD has shifted from childhood to adulthood, and the number of adult patients living with CHD continues to increase. This patient population presents unique challenges in diagnostic imaging and management due to complex underlying cardiac morphology, previous operations and interventions, and haemodynamic conditions. 3D echocardiography (3DE) has significantly improved our understanding of complex anatomic and haemodynamic substrates and emerged as a clinically useful tool that provides incremental information and complements the routine echocardiographic examination. The advantages of 3DE, including more accurate visualization of anatomic structures, absence of geometrical assumptions regarding shape of cardiac structures, and ability to obtain a complete view of the structures of interest from multiple perspectives in a beating heart, are especially relevant for diagnosis and follow-up of CHD in adult population, as well as interventional and surgical planning and guidance. In this scientific statement, we provide detailed and simple-to-follow descriptions of the added value of 3DE in evaluation of specific cardiac structures encountered in CHD, its role in diagnosis and follow-up, and training requirements for proficiency in 3DE in adult CHD
Ruptura slezenske arterije: sveobuhvatan pregled kliničke prezentacije, dijagnoze i liječenja (prikaz slučaja)
No full textAim: The aim of the paper is to present the complications of splenic artery aneurysm rupture, which include uncontrolled hemorrhage, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), multiple organ failure (MOF) and their treatment. Case report: A 29-year-old man came by ambulance to the emergency room because of severe epigastric pain radiating below the right costal arch, accompanied by sudden weakness, nausea, and profuse sweating. The initial radiological work-up (radiogram of the chest organs and abdominal x-ray) was normal, however, collection of perihepatic and intra-abdominal anechoic liquid was observed on the ultrasound of the abdomen. Based on the findings of free fluid and the patient’s severe condition, a computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was indicated, which established the diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm of the splenic artery and hemorrhagic ascites in the omental bursa. The patient underwent surgery with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. Close postoperative monitoring and appropriate medical care ensured an optimal outcome. In the postoperative follow-up of the patient for six months, the patient is in good health, without the development of complications Conclusion: The presented case emphasizes the importance of early recognition, timely intervention and surgical treatment of splenic artery rupture. Adequate triage, a multidisciplinary approach and urgent radiological and surgical intervention are key to a good outcome and reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with this life-threatening condition.Cilj: Cilj rada je prikazati komplikacije rupture aneurizme slezenske arterije koje uključuju nekontroliranu hemoragiju, sindrom višestrukog zatajivanja organa (engl. multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; MODS), višestruko zatajenje organa (engl. multiple organ failure; MOF) te njihovo liječenje. Prikaz slučaja: Dvadesetdevetogodišnji muškarac došao je kolima hitne pomoći u objedinjeni hitni bolnički prijam zbog jake boli u epigastriju koja se širila ispod desnog rebrenog luka, praćena iznenadnom slabošću, mučninom i obilnim znojenjem. Inicijalna radiološka obrada, tj. radiogram grudnih organa i nativni radiogram abdomena bili su uredni, međutim na ultrazvuku abdomena uočena je anehogena tekuća kolekcija perihepatalno i intraabdominalno. Na temelju nalaza slobodne tekućine i teškog stanja pacijenta indicirana je kompjutorizirana tomografija abdomena i zdjelice na osnovi koje je postavljena dijagnoza rupture aneurizme slezenske arterije i hemoragični ascites u omentalnoj burzi. Bolesnik je podvrgnut operativnom zahvatu uz splenektomiju i distalnu pankreatektomiju. Pomno poslijeoperacijsko praćenje i odgovarajuća medicinska skrb osigurali su optimalan ishod. U poslijeoperacijskom praćenju bolesnika u trajanju od šest mjeseci bolesnik je dobrog zdravlja, bez razvoja komplikacija. Zaključak: Prikazani slučaj naglašava važnost ranog prepoznavanja, pravovremene intervencije i kirurškog liječenja rupture slezenske arterije. Adekvatna trijaža, multidisciplinarni pristup te hitna radiološka i kirurška intervencija ključni su za dobar ishod i smanjenje morbiditeta i mortaliteta povezanih s ovim stanjem opasnim po život
Public Knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Procedures in Međimurje County
No full textUVOD: KPR se dijeli na osnovne i napredne postupke oživljavanja. Važnost znanja pružanja osnovnih postupaka oživljavanja i primjena istih u svakodnevnom životu je potrebna kako bi se spasilo što više života i pravovremeno pružila potrebna pomoć unesrećenima. Veliku ulogu u spašavanju ljudskog života ima i edukacija prve pomoći, učenje osnovnih postupaka oživljavanja, opće populacije, neovisno o dobnim skupinama.
CILJ: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati razinu znanja opće populacije Međimurske županije o postupcima kardiopulmonalne reanimacije te razlike u razini znanja s obzirom na dob, stupanj obrazovanja i pohađanje tečaja prve pomoći kod laika.
METODE I MATERIJALI: Ispitanici istraživanja su stanovnici Međimurske županije. Podaci su prikupljeni tijekom listopada 2024. godine. Korišten je online upitnik koji je sastavljen od dvije cjeline, sociodemografski podaci i znanje o kardiopulmonalnoj reanimaciji.
REZULTATI: Veći dio opće populacije Međimurske županije ima dobro znanje o postupcima kardiopulmonalne reanimacije. Analize podataka pokazala je da nema razlike u znanju osoba mlađe i starije životne dobi o postupcima kardiopulmonalne reanimacije, s obzirom na stupanj obrazovanja ispitanika, nema značajne razlike u razini znanja jednako kao i kod osoba koje su završile tečaj prve pomoći s obzirom na znanje od osoba koje nisu završile isti.
ZAKLJUČAK: Nema razlike u znanju među ispitanicima mlađe životne dobi, ispitanika sa završenim tečajem prve pomoći te razlika u razini znanja s obzirom na stupanj obrazovanja nije istaknuta. Ključno je ulagati u kontinuiranu edukaciju o prvoj pomoći i osnovama reanimacije te rezultati provedenog istraživanja mogu koristiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja o učinkovitosti edukacija i spremnost laika na pomoć unesrećenima.INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is divided into basic and advanced resuscitation procedures. The importance of knowledge about basic resuscitation techniques and their application in everyday life is crucial for saving as many lives as possible and providing timely assistance to the injured. Education in first aid plays a significant role in saving human lives by teaching the general population basic resuscitation procedures, regardless of age group.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to examine the level of knowledge of the general population in Međimurje County regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures, as well as differences in knowledge based on age, education level, and participation in first aid courses among laypersons.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: The participants in this study were residents of Međimurje County. Data were collected during October 2024. A questionnaire consisting of two sections was used: sociodemographic data and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
RESULTS: The majority of the general population in Međimurje County has a good understanding of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures. Data analysis showed no difference in CPR knowledge between younger and older individuals. Similarly, no significant difference was found in the level of knowledge based on the respondents' education level or between those who had completed a first aid course and those who had not.
CONCLUSION: There is no difference in knowledge among younger respondents, those who have completed a first aid course, and the level of knowledge does not vary significantly based on the level of education. It is crucial to invest in continuous education on first aid and basic resuscitation techniques. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for further research on the effectiveness of educational programs and the readiness of laypeople to assist in emergency situations
Falls in the Third Age of Life – Public Health Perspective and Challenges for the Future
No full textPadovi i ozljede u populaciji treće životne dobi predstavljaju veliki javnozdravstveni izazov kako u Hrvatskoj tako i u svijetu. Uzrokuju najveći broj hospitalizacija, dugotrajno bolničko liječenje i invalidnost te mogu voditi u smrtni ishod. Čak 30 % osoba starijih od 65 i 50 % osoba starijih od 80 godina iskuse barem jedan pad godišnje. U Hrvatskoj, u starijih od 65 godina 64,1 % hospitalizacija čine ozljede nastale kao posljedica pada, što ujedno predstavlja i vodeći uzrok smrti. Fizioterapijska prevencija padova i njihovih posljedica nezaobilazan je primjer integriranog procesa skrbi usmjerenog na osobu i zahtijeva brojniju radnu snagu i restrukturiranje usluga.Falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly population represent a major public health challenge both in Croatia and in the world. They cause the greatest number of hospitalizations, long-term hospital treatment, disability and can lead to death. As many as 30% of people over 65 and 50% of people over 80 experience at least one fall a year. In Croatia, in people over 65 years, 64.1% of hospitalizations are caused by injuries resulting from falls, which is also the leading cause of death. Physiotherapy prevention of falls and consequences is an unavoidable example of an integrated person-centred care process and requires a larger workforce and restructuring of services
Analyzing Predictive Factors for the Media’s Impact on the Nursing Profession
No full textIntroduction: Mass media play a crucial role not only in informing the public but also in shaping public perception, educating, and enhancing the visibility of various professions, including nursing. Despite being the most populous healthcare profession, nursing remains underrepresented in media coverage. This imbalance affects the social status of the nursing profession and its public perception. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a validated questionnaire with high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients) to assess nurses’ perceptions of the media’s role in society and the nursing profession. Data were collected from 203 participants using an online survey employing the snowball sampling method. Statistical analyses included Welch ANOVA, t-tests, and hierarchical regression to predict the importance of media education. Results: Participants demonstrated positive perceptions of the media’s societal influence but identified a lack of adequate representation of nurses. Younger nurses and those with higher education levels emphasized the need for media education. Regression analysis revealed that perceptions of the media’s power and self-assessed media competencies were significant predictors of valuing media education. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for integrating media literacy training into nursing education to enhance professional visibility and public engagement. This can empower nurses to actively contribute to shaping their professional image and addressing public misconceptions. Future research should expand the sample size and explore diverse healthcare settings to validate these findings
Primjena računalnog vida za detekciju podvodnog otpada
No full textThis master’s thesis explores the application of computer vision and Deep Learning (DL) for the detection of underwater litter, which represents a growing global environmental concern. Traditional monitoring methods, such as diver-based surveys and the use of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), are often expensive, time-consuming, and only able to cover relatively small areas. The goal of this thesis is to examine how modern computer vision techniques can support more efficient and scalable approaches to underwater litter detection. The thesis provides an overview of key topics including data acquisition technologies, environmental and technical challenges, underwater image preprocessing and enhancement methods, as well as the most commonly used object detection models like You Only Look Once (YOLO), Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN), and Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD). Special attention is given to the analysis of available datasets, their limitations, and how synthetic data and augmentation techniques can improve training and model performance. Practical applications and case studies are also presented, where computer vision models have been integrated with platforms such as ROVs, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and surface robots. In the final part, it discusses potential future developments, including semi-supervised learning (SSL), transformer-based architectures, integration with autonomous systems, and multi-modal sensing strategies. The overall objective is to highlight the potential of computer vision as a valuable tool in addressing the challenge of underwater litter monitoring and contributing to the protection of marine environments.Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu računalnog vida i dubokog učenja (engl. Deep Learning, DL) za detekciju podvodnog otpada, koji predstavlja sve veći globalni ekološki problem. Tradicionalne metode nadzora, poput ronilačkih pregleda i korištenja daljinski upravljanih podvodnih vozila (engl. Remotely Operated Vehicle, ROV), često su skupe, vremenski zahtjevne i mogu pokriti samo relativno mala područja. Cilj ovog rada je ispitati kako moderne tehnike računalnog vida mogu podržati učinkovitije i skalabilnije pristupe detekciji podvodnog otpada. Rad pruža pregled ključnih tema, uključujući tehnologije prikupljanja podataka, okolišne i tehničke izazove, metode predobrade i poboljšanja podvodnih slika, kao i najčešće korištene modele za detekciju objekata poput poput You Only Look Once (YOLO), Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) i Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD). Posebna pažnja posvećena je analizi dostupnih skupova podataka, njihovim ograničenjima i načinima na koje sintetički podaci i tehnike augmentacije mogu poboljšati treniranje i performanse modela. Također su predstavljene praktične primjene i studije slučaja u kojima su modeli računalnog vida integrirani s platformama poput ROV-ova, autonomnih podvodnih vozila (engl. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV), bespilotnih letjelica (engl. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV) i robotskih površinskih sustava. U završnom dijelu raspravlja se o potencijalnim budućim razvojnim smjerovima, uključujući polunadzirano učenje, arhitekture temeljene na transformerima, integraciju s autonomnim sustavima i višemodalne senzorske strategije. Sveukupni cilj rada je istaknuti potencijal računalnog vida kao vrijednog alata za rješavanje izazova praćenja podvodnog otpada i doprinos očuvanju morskog okoliša
PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMY IN CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW
No full textU ovom radu definirano je načelo ekonomičnosti te značaj takvog postupanja na duljinu trajanja postupaka. Pravo na suđenje u razumnom roku zajamčeno je Ustavom Republike Hrvatske i Europskom konvencijom za zaštitu ljudskih prava. Obzirom da duljina trajanja postupaka predstavlja jedan od glavnih problema hrvatskog pravosuđa kroz mnoge izmjene i dopune kako Zakona o parničnom postupku, tako i donošenjem Zakona o izvanparničnom postupku, zatim kroz izmjene Ovršnog, Stečajnog i Zakona o zemljišnim knjigama nastoji se pronaći rješenja za sprječavanje prekomjernosti trajanja sudskih postupaka, Digitalizacija pojedinih segmenata postupaka nastoji ubrzati pojedine radnje u postupku, pa tako propisuje potrebne obrasce, uvodi obvezu elektroničke komunikacije, digitalizaciju spisa i mnoge druge. Okvirnim mjerilima nastoji se osigurati rješavanje što većeg broja postupaka od strane sudaca, propisujući im broj predmeta koji moraju riješiti u jednoj kalendarskoj godini. Zakonom o mirenju nastoji se pak potaći stranke na alternativne metode pokušaja rješavanja sporova, kako bi se smanjilo opterećenje sudova te postigla ravnoteža između njih
Teachers' Nonverbal Communication
No full textOvaj rad istražuje ulogu neverbalne komunikacije nastavnika u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu, s posebnim naglaskom na njezin utjecaj na akademska postignuća učenika. Teorijski dio rada obuhvaća analizu temeljnih pojmova i funkcija neverbalne komunikacije te pregled relevantnih istraživanja koja ukazuju na važnost neverbalnih znakova u učionici. Empirijski dio proveden je kao studija slučaja u kojoj su opažani različiti oblici neverbalne komunikacije nastavnika i analizirana njihova povezanost s uspjehom učenika. Rezultati pokazuju da su određeni neverbalni obrasci, poput češćeg usmjeravanja pogleda prema učenicima i aktivnog kretanja nastavnika kroz razred, povezani s boljim akademskim postignućima učenika. S druge strane, facijalne ekspresije i parajezični elementi nisu pokazali značajnu povezanost s uspjehom učenika, dok su humor, korištenje nadimaka i dodir prepoznati kao mogući čimbenici koji doprinose boljem uspjehu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na složenost utjecaja neverbalne komunikacije u nastavi te ističu važnost daljnjih istraživanja na većim i raznolikijim uzorcima.This thesis examines the role of teachers’ nonverbal communication in the educational process, with a particular focus on its impact on students’ academic achievement. The theoretical section analyzes fundamental concepts and functions of nonverbal communication and reviews key research underscoring the importance of nonverbal cues in the classroom environment. The empirical part employs a case study approach, systematically observing various forms of teachers’ nonverbal communication and analyzing their relationship with student achievement. The findings indicate that certain nonverbal behaviors, such as more frequent eye contact with individual students and active teacher movement throughout the classroom, are associated with higher academic achievement. In contrast, facial expressions and paralinguistic elements did not show a significant correlation with student success, whereas humor, the use of nicknames, and touch were identified as potential factors contributing to improved outcomes. These results highlight the complexity of nonverbal communication’s influence in teaching and underscore the need for further research on larger and more diverse samples
Body image as a motive and obstacle for physical exercise
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati ulogu internalizacije ideala mišićavosti, pritiska medija i socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda u objašnjenju nezadovoljstva tijelom. Osim toga, ispitane su razlike u motivaciji za tjelesnu aktivnost s obzirom na status sportaša (registrirani sportaš/rekreativac) i spol. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 250 tjelesno aktivnih sudionika u dobi između 18 i 66 godina (M = 32.23, SD = 12.08), od kojih 161 čine žene (65.5%), a 89 muškarci (35.5%). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju statistički značajne povezanosti između svih konstrukata za oba spola. Sukladno očekivanjima, žene pokazuju veće razine nezadovoljstva tijelom i socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda u odnosu na muškarce. Nadalje, registrirani sportaši iskazuju više razine motiva uživanja, druženja i kompetencije/izazova u odnosu na rekreativce, no suprotno očekivanjima, nema značajnih razlika u motivima zdravlja i izgleda s obzirom na status sportaša. Također, nisu dobivene značajne razlike u motivaciji s obzirom na spol. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresijske analize pokazuju da su pritisak medija, internalizacija ideala mišićavosti i socijalna anksioznost zbog izgleda značajni prediktori nezadovoljstva tijelom kod žena. Suprotno očekivanjima, kod muškaraca je u prvom koraku hijerarhijske regresijske analize pritisak medija bio značajan prediktor nezadovoljstva tijelom, dok internalizacija ideala mišićavosti nije. U drugom koraku samo se socijalna anksioznost zbog izgleda pokazala značajnim prediktorom nezadovoljstva tijelom. U konačnici, rezultati potvrđuju pretpostavku o medijacijskom efektu internalizacije ideala mišićavosti u odnosu između pritiska medija i nezadovoljstva tijelom, no samo za žene. Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na važnost edukativnih i intervencijskih programa koji će omogućiti razvoj otpornosti na poruke koje se prenose putem medija, a time smanjiti snažan utjecaj ideala tjelesnog izgleda koji se promiče. Također, ističe se potreba za programima usmjerenim na smanjenje nezadovoljstva tijelom i socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda kod tjelesno aktivnih pojedinaca.The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the internalization of the athletic ideal, media pressure and social physique anxiety in the explanation of body dissatisfaction. In addition, the study examined the differences in the motivation for exercise based on gender and athlete status (recreational or registered athlete). The research was conducted on a sample of 250 physically active participants aged between 18 and 66 years (M = 32.23, SD = 12.08), of whom 161 were women (65.5%) and 89 men (35.5%). The results revealed significant correlations between all constructs for women and men. As expected, women reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction and social physique anxiety compared to men. Furthermore, registered athletes showed higher levels of enjoyment, social interaction and competence/challenge compared to recreational athletes. However, no significant differences were found for the motives of appearance and health based on athlete status. Likewise, no significant gender difference was observed for exercise motivation. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that media pressure, internalization of the athletic ideal and social physique anxiety were significant predictors of body dissatisfaction for women. Contrary to expectations, among males, only media pressure resulted as a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction in the first step of hierarchical regression analysis. In the second step, only social physique anxiety was a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction. Finally, the results confirmed the hypothesized mediating role of internalization of the athletic ideal in the relationship between media pressure and body dissatisfaction, but only among women. The findings of the study highlight the importance of educational and prevention programs aimed at developing resilience to media messages and reducing the strong influence of body ideals. Moreover, it is important to develop programs focused on the reduction of body dissatisfaction and social physique anxiety among active individuals