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Transition of Seaports into Smart Energy Hubs Using Integrated Energy Management Systems
No full textThis paper proposes a general, comprehensive solution for port energy transformation that considers
sustainable port growth in line with green shipping requirements, on the one hand, and the smart grid
concept, on the other. In this context, it is shown that it is of great importance to design and develop
a centralized system for monitoring and managing the energy network in the port area, which can
integrate, monitor, and manage available energy sources, as well as supply demanding loads
Agregacija, paralelna agregacija i koagregacija proteina u kroničnim mentalnim bolestima
No full textChronic mental illnesses (CMIs), including schizophrenia (SZ),
bipolar disorder (BiPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), present
a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide.
CMIs exhibit complex etiologies involving a mixture of genetic and
environmental factors. While protein aggregation is a well-established
hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, its role in CMIs remains poorly
understood. Key questions remain unanswered, such as whether
aggregation occurs uniformly across brain regions, whether different
proteins aggregate within the same individuals, what drives this
aggregation, and how it may contribute to behavioral symptoms. This
thesis aims to address these knowledge gaps by investigating the
causes and effects of protein aggregation in CMIs, with a focus on the
potential for co-aggregation of key candidate proteins.
This research utilizes post-mortem human brain samples, in vitro
cell models, and a transgenic Drosophila model. Analysis of human
brain samples revealed distinct patterns of insolubility and aggregation
for CRMP1, DISC1, NPAS3, and TRIOBP-1 across different brain regions
linked to SZ, MDD, and suicide. Notably, these proteins were found to
co-aggregate within the same individuals, including some healthy
controls, suggesting either shared physiological mechanisms or
differential pathological thresholds. The extent and location of
aggregation varied between brain regions and individuals, showing that
it does not follow a consistent pattern based on diagnosis.
Moreover, the link between protein aggregation, genetic
mutation, and environmental susceptibility was investigated using
wild-type and mutant forms of NPAS3 in cell culture experiments. While
previous research showed that mutation alone can cause NPAS3
aggregation, my findings demonstrated that loss of nuclear localization
and potential aggregation can also occur under physiological and stress
conditions, even in the absence of mutation. This suggests that these
changes may be less dependent on genetic alterations than previously
assumed.
Region-specific analysis further revealed that the PAS1 domain
strongly influences NPAS3 localization in cells, promoting its retention
in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus. This mislocalization may
reduce NPAS3's functional activity and increase its susceptibility to aggregation. Additionally, CRMP1 showed potential for co-aggregation with DISC1 and TRIOBP-1 in cells, echoing findings from human brain
analyses. Additionally, the Drosophila model expressing human DISC1
variants shows potential for revealing behavioral and molecular
alterations. However, the model requires thorough validation due to
lack of expression control.
These findings establish that protein aggregation in CMIs is a
heterogeneous, region-dependent process, with multiple proteins
aggregating within the same individuals. It also provides new evidence
that co-aggregation may be a contributing molecular mechanism in
CMIs. Moreover, it highlights how both genetic and environmental
stressors can influence aggregation. This study is limited by variability
in brain tissue quality, protein aggregation detected in controls, and
reliance on overexpression models in cell culture. Also, the Drosophila
model showed leaky gene expression and requires further validation.
Taken together, these factors highlight the need for improved models
and normalization methods in future research. Nevertheless, the
results from this thesis lay the groundwork for future research into
protein aggregation as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target,
offering novel molecular insights into the pathophysiology of CMIs.Kronične mentalne bolesti (KMB), uključujući shizofreniju (SZ),
bipolarni poremećaj (BiPD) i kliničku depresiju (KD), predstavljaju
značajan teret za pojedince i zdravstvene sustave diljem svijeta. KMB
imaju složenu etiologiju koja uključuje kombinaciju genetskih i
okolišnih čimbenika. Iako je agregacija proteina dobro poznata
značajka neurodegenerativnih bolesti, njezina uloga u KMB još uvijek
nije dovoljno istražena. Ključna pitanja ostaju neodgovorena: događa
li se agregacija ravnomjerno u različitim regijama mozga, agregiraju li
različiti proteini unutar istih pojedinaca, što pokreće agregaciju i kako
ona može pridonijeti razvoju simptoma. Ova disertacija ima za cilj
popuniti te praznine u znanju istraživanjem uzroka i posljedica
agregacije proteina u KMB, s posebnim naglaskom na mogućnost
koagregacije ključnih kandidata proteina.
Opisano istraživanje uključuje analize post-mortem uzoraka
ljudskog mozga, in vitro stanične modele i transgenični model vinske
mušice (Drosophila). Analiza ljudskog moždanog tkiva otkrila je
različite obrasce netopljivosti i agregacije proteina CRMP1, DISC1,
NPAS3 i TRIOBP-1 u različitim regijama mozga povezanim sa SZ, MDD
i
suicidalnim ponašanjem. Analizirani proteini koagregirali unutar
određenih pojedinaca sa dijagnozom i u kontrolnim uzorcima,
upućujući na zajedničke fiziološke mehanizme ili različite patološke
pragove. Opseg i lokalizacija agregacije varirali su među regijama
mozga i pojedincima te agregacija nije bila dosljedna ni specifična za
dijagnozu.
Nadalje, povezanost agregacije proteina, genetskih mutacija i
osjetljivosti na okoliš istražena je pomoću divljeg i mutiranog oblika
proteina NPAS3 u staničnim kulturama. Iako su prethodna istraživanja
pokazala kako sama mutacija može uzrokovati agregaciju NPAS3, moji
rezultati pokazuju kako gubitak nuklearne lokalizacije i potencijalna
agregacija mogu nastupiti i pod fiziološkim i stresnim uvjetima, čak i
bez mutacije. Stoga opisane promjene mogu biti manje ovisne o
genetici nego što se prethodno mislilo. Analiza regija proteina NPAS3
dodatno je pokazala kako PAS1 domena snažno utječe na lokalizaciju
NPAS3 u stanicama, potičući njegovu lokalizaciju u citoplazmi umjesto
u jezgri. Opisana promjena u lokalizaciji može smanjiti funkcionalnu
aktivnost NPAS3 i povećati njegovu sklonost agregaciji. Također,
pokazala sam kako CRMP1 može koagregirati s DISC1 i TRIOBP-1 u stanicama, što je u skladu s rezultatima analize uzoraka ljudskog mozga. Transgenični model vinske mušice koji eksprimira ljudski
DISC1 pokazuje potencijal za otkrivanje bihevioralnih i molekularnih
promjena, ali zahtijeva detaljnu validaciju zbog nedostatka kontrole
ekspresije.
Opisani rezultati potvrđuju heterogenost i specifičnost agregacija
proteina u KMB, pri čemu više proteina može agregirati unutar istih
pojedinaca. Disertacija također nudi nove dokaze kako koagregacija
može biti molekularni mehanizam koji doprinosi razvoju KMB te ističe
utjecaj genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika na agregaciju. Ovo istraživanje
ima ograničenja, uključujući varijabilnost kvalitete tkiva, agregaciju
proteina kod kontrola te prekomjernu ekspresiju proteina u staničnim
kulturama. Također, Drosophila model pokazuje manjak kontrole
ekspresije proteina, zbog čega zahtijeva dodatnu validaciju.
Sveukupno, korišteni modeli i metode zahtjevaju značajnu modifikaciju
u budućim istraživanjima. Unatoč tome, rezultati ovog rada postavljaju
temelje za daljnja istraživanja agregacije proteina kao potencijalnog
biomarkera ili terapijskog cilja, nudeći nove molekularne uvide u
patofiziologiju KMB
LIABILITY OF THE PARENT COMPANY FOR ITS SUBSIDIARY
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se pravnim odnosom između vladajućeg i ovisnog društva u kontekstu koncerna, s naglaskom na institut odgovornosti vladajućeg društva za štetu koju pretrpi ovisno društvo. Kroz analizu zakonskog okvira, posebice Zakona o trgovačkim društvima Republike Hrvatske, kao i kroz prikaz relevantne sudske prakse istražuju se pravni mehanizmi koji služe zaštiti ovisnih društava, njihovih vjerovnika i članova, od potencijalne zlouporabe prevladavajućeg utjecaja vladajućeg društva. Rad razlikuje formalne (ugovorne) i faktične koncerne, te razmatra odgovornost ne samo vladajućeg društva, već i osoba ovlaštenih za njegovo zastupanje, kao i članova uprava i nadzornih odbora ovisnih društava. Posebna pažnja posvećena je izvješćima o odnosima s povezanim društvima, granicama dopuštenog utjecaja te kriterijima za utvrđivanje štetnosti radnji. U zaključnom dijelu rada iznose se vlastita promišljanja o potrebi daljnjeg razvoja zakonodavnog i sudskog pristupa ovoj temi, ističući važnost ravnoteže između slobode gospodarskog povezivanja i zaštite pravne sigurnosti ovisnih društava. Cilj rada je ukazati na važnost odgovornog i transparentnog upravljanja unutar koncerna, koje ne dovodi u pitanje samostalnost pravnih osoba, ali omogućuje zajedničko djelovanje u gospodarskom interesu.This paper examines the legal relationship between a controlling company and a dependent company within the context of a corporate group, with a focus on the institute of liability of the controlling company for damage suffered by the dependent company. Through an analysis of the legal framework, particularly the Croatian Company Law, as well as a presentation of relevant case law, the paper explores the legal mechanisms designed to protect dependent companies, their creditors, and members from the potential abuse of dominant influence by the controlling company. The thesis distinguishes between formal (contractual) and de facto corporate groups, and considers the liability not only of the controlling company itself but also of the persons authorized to represent it, as well as of the members of management and supervisory boards of dependent companies. Special attention is given to reports on relations with affiliated companies, the limits of permissible influence, and the criteria for determining the harmfulness of certain actions. In the concluding part, the author presents personal reflections on the need for further development of legislative and judicial approaches to this topic, emphasizing the importance of balancing the freedom of economic integration with the protection of the legal security of dependent companies. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the importance of responsible and transparent governance within corporate groups, governance that does not undermine the autonomy of legal entities but enables joint action in the broader economic interest
The impact of contamination on the air and gas sides of a turbocharger on the main parameters of an auxiliary engine
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je utjecaj zaprljanosti zračne i plinske strane turbo-puhala
na rad pomoćnog brodskog motora. Kroz provedena mjerenja pratile su se promjene tlaka
ispirnog zraka, temperature ispušnih plinova i temperature ispirnog zraka pri različitim
stupnjevima zaprljanosti. U radu su opisane metode održavanja i čišćenja turbo-puhala, s
naglaskom na važnost redovitog održavanja za pouzdan rad motora. Rezultati su pokazali
da zaprljanost negativno utječe na učinkovitost motora, povećava potrošnju goriva i
podiže temperature ispušnih plinova.This thesis analyzes the impact of fouling on the air and gas sides of the
turbocharger on the operation of an auxiliary marine engine. Through conducted
measurements, changes in the intake air pressure, exhaust gas temperature, and intake air
temperature were monitored at different levels of fouling. The thesis also describes
maintenance and cleaning methods for the turbocharger, emphasizing the importance of
regular maintenance for reliable engine operation. The results showed that fouling
negatively affects engine efficiency, increases fuel consumption, and raises exhaust gas
temperature
Manipulation und moralischer Zerfall : Eine Analyse von Dürrenmatts Die Physiker und Der Besuch der alten Dame
No full textDiese Arbeit analysiert die Themen Manipulation und moralischer Verfall in Dürrenmats Werken „Die Physiker“ und „Der Besuch der alten Dame“. Das Grundkonzept der Arbeit ist Manipulation und ihre Entwicklung in den genannten Werken. Weitere Themen, die in den Werken behandelt und analysiert werden, sind eng damit verbunden, wie beispielsweise der Verfall moralischer Werte und moralische Verantwortung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diese Themen in zwei von Dürrenmats Werken vergleichend zu analysieren und die unterschiedliche Behandlung dieser Themen zu beleuchten. Im Werk „Der Besuch der alten Dame“ spiegelt sich Manipulation in der Korruption von Menschen zur Erlangung von Gerechtigkeit wider, d. h. Geld wird als Mittel zur Manipulation anderer eingesetzt. Im Werk „Die Physiker“ hingegen werden verschiedene Techniken wie die Annahme einer falschen Identität und das Vortäuschen von Wahnsinn eingesetzt. Unter dem Druck der Manipulation kommt es zu einem Verfall moralischer Werte und dem Auftreten unmoralischer Handlungen, sowohl bei einfachen Menschen als auch bei vorbildlichen und hoch angesehenen Personen
Influence of Talocrural Joint Position on the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Torque Measured with an Isokinetic and EasyForce® Dynamometer in Young Adults
No full textBackground: Motor irradiation is a concept in which the muscles of the talocrural joint can influence the torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The aims of this study are to compare the effects of three different talocrural joint positions on the torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle and to analyze the differences in torque measurements between two dynamometers. Methods: 33 students from the Faculty of Health Studies at the University of Rijeka participated in the study. The torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle was measured using the Cybex CSMi isokinetic dynamometer and the EasyForce® hand-held fixed dynamometer. The measurements were performed three times continuously for each talocrural joint position. Results: When measured with the isokinetic dynamometer (p = 0.210) and the EasyForce® dynamometer (p = 0.925), no significant difference was found in the torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle between the three talocrural joint positions. The dynamometers measured the torque consistently and showed a significant, from very good to excellent correlation of the data (p < 0.001), but did not provide identical results due to constant and proportional differences. Conclusions: There was no significant influence of the three talocrural joint positions on the torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle under isometric contraction conditions without a specific angular velocity. The use of the two dynamometers led to similar but inconsistent results in the measurement of muscle torque. This inconsistency is not only because of the differences between the devices themselves, but also due to fundamental methodological differences in participant stabilization and testing procedures
RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER ARTICLE 6 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je analiza prava optuženika u kaznenom postupku prema članku 6. Europske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda te cilj rada je prikazati kako se prava optuženika ostvaruju u praksi. Članak 6. Konvencije predstavlja temeljni pravni okvir za osiguranje pravičnog suđenja, pružajući optuženiku niz procesnih prava koja jamče ravnotežu između interesa kaznenog progona i prava obrane. Rad razmatra ključne odredbe članka 6., uključujući pravo na pravično i javno suđenje u razumnom roku pred neovisnim i nepristranim sudom te detaljno razmatra pravo na pripremu obrane, pravo na branitelja i ostala prava optuženika zajamčena člankom 6. Konvencije. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na praksu Europskog suda za ljudska prava te su analizirani relevantni primjeri iz sudske prakse, koja ima ključnu ulogu u tumačenju i primjeni članka 6. kroz konkretne slučajeve.The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the rights of the accused in criminal proceedings under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freeedoms, with the aim of presenting how these rights are exercised in practice. Article 6 of the Convention provides the fundamental legal framework for ensuring a fair trial, granting the accused a number of procedural rights that ensure a balance between the interests of criminal prosecution and the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time before an independent and impartial tribunal, and gives detailed consideration to te right to prepare a defense, te right to legal counsel, and the other rights guaranteed to the accused under Article 6. Speacial emphasis is placed on the case law of the Europeans Court of Human Rights, with relevant case examples analyzed, as this jurisprudence plays a key role in interepeting and applying Article 6 in concrete situations
No one buys illness? The relationship between the belief in a just world, duration and subjective sleep quality with emotional empathy in nurses
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati predviđaju li dvije dimenzije vjere u pravedan svijet - imanentna i ultimativna pravda te trajanje i subjektivna kvaliteta spavanja emocionalnu empatiju medicinskih sestara i tehničara, te također jesu li trajanje i subjektivna kvaliteta spavanja moderatori u odnosu navedenih varijabli. Istraživanje je provedeno online, a u njemu je sudjelovalo 253 medicinskih sestara i tehničara trenutno zaposlenih u struci, od čega 223 žene i 30 muškaraca, raspona dobi od 19 do 65 godina (M = 37.92, SD = 12.00). Korištene mjere su Skala imanentne pravde, Skala ultimativne pravde, subskale Ukupno trajanje spavanja i Subjektivna kvaliteta spavanja iz Pittsburgh indeksa kvalitete spavanja, te na kraju subskala Emocionalna empatija iz Višefacetnog testa empatije. Rezultati su djelomično potvrdili hipoteze. Dobivena je značajna negativna korelacija imanentne pravde s emocionalnom empatijom, kao i značajna pozitivna korelacija ultimativne pravde s emocionalnom empatijom, no korelacije trajanja i subjektivne kvalitete spavanja s emocionalnom empatijom nisu bile značajne. Imanentna i ultimativna pravda objasnile su statistički značajan udio varijance emocionalne empatije medicinskih sestara i tehničara, no među ispitanim moderatorskim efektima dobiven je samo onaj trajanja spavanja na odnos imanentne pravde i emocionalne empatije. Rezultati istraživanja potkrepljuju dihotomiju između dviju dimenzija vjere u pravedan svijet i po prvi puta ih dovode u vezu s teškoćama spavanja i empatijom zdravstvenih djelatnika. Istraživanje ima praktične implikacije u planiranju edukacijskih i organizacijskih intervencija s ciljem poticanja empatije kao ključnog alata u sestrinstvu.The goal of this study was to examine whether two dimensions of the belief in a just world – immanent and ultimate justice, as well as sleep duration and subjective sleep quality predict emotional empathy in nurses, while also examining if sleep duration and subjective sleep quality are moderators in the relationship between these variables. The study was conducted online, with 253 nurses currently working in the field participating, out of which 223 women, and 30 men, ranging from 19 to 65 years old (M = 37.92, SD = 12.00). The measures used were Belief in Immanent Justice Scale, Belief in Ultimate Justice Scale, subscales Sleep duration and Subjective sleep quality from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and lastly the Emotional empathy subscale from the Multifaceted Empathy Test. The results partially confirmed the hypotheses. A significant negative correlation was found between immanent justice and emotional empathy, as well as a significant positive correlation between ultimate justice and emotional empathy, but the correlations of sleep duration and subjective sleep quality with emotional empathy were not significant. Immanent and ultimate justice explained a statistically significant portion of the variance of emotional empathy in nurses, but out of the examined moderating effects, only one of sleep duration on the relationship between immanent justice and emotional empathy was found. The results of this study corroborate the dichotomy between two dimensions of the belief in a just world and link them with sleep difficulties and empathy of healthcare workers for the first time. The study has practical implications in the planning of educational and organisational interventions with the goal of promoting empathy as a key tool in nursing
Education and Upbringing of the Amish
No full textDok suvremeno društvo teži modernizaciji i homogenizaciji odgojno-obrazovnih sustava, u svijetu postoje zajednice koje njeguju vlastite vrijednosti i tradicionalni pristup odgoju i obrazovanju. Zajednica Amiša, primjer je ortodoksne kršćanske zajednice vjernika koja je svjetovno zatvorena, a kroz jedinstveni način života, vjere i obrazovanja uspješno prenosi tradiciju i kulturni identitet na nove generacije i zadržava tradicionalnu dosljednost. Ovaj rad pruža detaljan prikaz odgojno-obrazovnih praksi, uz kontekstualni uvid u povijesni i kulturološki kontekst zajednice Amiša. Iako sastavni dio, multikulturalnog i tehnološki moderniziranog američkog društva, zajednica Amiša uspjela je očuvati tradicionalni način života i pristup gdje odgoj i obrazovanje ne djeluju samo kao sustav prijenosa znanja i vještina, već više kao mehanizmi socijalizacije, prijenosa kulturnih obrazaca i društvenog identiteta, te kao ključ društvene kohezije.While contemporary society strives for modernization and homogenization of educational systems, there are communities around the world that preserve their own values and traditional approach to education. The Amish community is an example of an orthodox Christian community that remains socially closed, and through a unique way of life, faith and education, successfully transmits tradition and cultural identity to new generations and maintains traditional consistency. This paper provides a detailed overview of educational practices, with contextual insight into the historical and cultural context of the Amish community. Although an integral part of multicultural and technologically modernized American society, the Amish community has managed to preserve a traditional way of life and approach where education and upbringing function not merely as a system of knowledge and skills transfer, but more as mechanisms of socialization, the transfer of cultural patterns and social identity, and as a key to social cohesion
COMPARISON OF OECD AND UN MODEL DOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENTS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE ANALYSIS OF NON-RESIDENT PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
No full textU vremenu sveprisutne globalizacije i rastuće mobilnosti kapitala na svjetskim tržištima, međunarodno oporezivanje postaje jedno od ključnih pitanja suvremenog pravnog i ekonomskog poretka. Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se upravo tim izazovom, fokusirajući se na koncept stalne poslovne jedinice nerezidenta (engl. Permanent Establishment) kao jednog od temeljnih kriterija za raspodjelu prava na oporezivanje među državama. Kroz detaljnu analizu i usporedbu dvaju najvažnijih modela međunarodnih poreznih konvencija, odnosno OECD i UN modela, rad istražuje kako se različiti pravni okviri odnose prema pojmu stalne poslovne jedinice (SPJ), te kakve posljedice ti pristupi imaju na poreznu politiku, fiskalni i ekonomski suverenitet država, te gospodarsku ravnotežu među državama. Rad zagovara potrebu za većom harmonizacijom međunarodnog poreznog sustava, uzimajući u obzir različite razvojne potrebe i fiskalne kapacitete država, što je razrađeno kroz detaljnu analizu i kritičnu usporedbu dvaju modela. Autorica predlaže stvaranje jedinstvenog modela ili jedinstvenog pristupa koji bi kombinirao najbolje elemente oba postojeća modela, čime bi se osigurala pravednija i učinkovitija raspodjela prava na oporezivanje u globalnom gospodarstvu.In an era of pervasive globalization and increasing capital mobility across global markets, international taxation has emerged as one of the key issues in contemporary legal and economic frameworks. This master’s thesis addresses that very challenge, focusing on the concept of the Permanent Establishment of a non-resident entity as one of the fundamental criteria for allocating taxing rights among countries. Through a detailed analysis and comparison of the two most influential models of international tax conventions—the OECD Model and the UN Model—the thesis explores how different legal frameworks interpret the notion of a permanent establishment and the implications these approaches have on tax policy, fiscal and economic sovereignty, and the economic balance between nations. The thesis advocates for greater harmonization of the international tax system, taking into account the diverse developmental needs and fiscal capacities of countries. This is elaborated through a thorough analysis and critical comparison of the two models. The author proposes the creation of a unified model or approach that combines the best elements of both existing frameworks, aiming to ensure a fairer and more efficient allocation of taxing rights in the global economy