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Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Use of Long - Term Care Among Elderly People
No full textBroj i udio starijih osoba u ukupnoj populaciji povećava se, osobito onih starijih od 80 godina. Zbog sve zahtjevnijih korisnika s promijenjenim navikama (želja za smještajem i skrbi u središtima gradova uz sve dostupne sadržaje, viša tehnološka pismenost, potreba za većim uključivanjem u odluke javno - političkog života osoba treće životne dobi, motivacija za radnom aktivnošću i nakon ulaska u mirovinu), dugotrajna njega starijih osoba aktualna je tema europskih socijalnih i zdravstvenih politika. Članice Europske unije (EU) nastoje osigurati dovoljan broj infrastrukturnih objekata skrbi za starije i nemoćne, povećati broj profesionalnog osoblja, razviti alternativne oblike skrbi i decentralizirati postojeću skrb u manje razvijene regije. Nove generacije korisnika iskazuju želju za drugačijim pristupom skrbi, a to je skrb pružena u vlastitom okruženju (home care - pomoć u kući) uz konstantan nadzor profesionalno angažiranog osoblja. Osim pritiska na javne financije, države članice EU-a suočavaju se s problemom nedostatne radne snage, posebice u pružanju kućne njege (naročito unutar formalnog tipa), koju kompenziraju migrantima iz trećih zemalja. Međutim, nedovoljna educiranost migranata narušava kvalitetu pruženih formalnih usluga u kućnoj njezi (Kalengayi et al., 2012; Žagar et al., 2019). Organizacija za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj (OECD, 2021) navodi kako je formalna njega jedini i isključivi oblik kućne njege. Međutim, brojni autori znanstvenih radova uključuju i neformalnu njegu kao oblik kućne njege (Ilinca et al., 2017; Rodrigues et al., 2017). Smatra se da je neformalna njega najrašireniji oblik dugotrajne njege, pa s obzirom na to, zahtjeva i pomno promišljanje distribucije takve usluge starijim korisnicima (OECD, 2021). Dugotrajna njega dijeli se na formalnu i neformalnu. Formalna kućna njega provodi se posredstvom educiranog/obučenog osoblja (češće su to njegovatelji nižeg stupnja obrazovanja ili rjeđe, medicinske sestre). Neformalnu njegu najčešće provode članovi uže obitelji i ona je ujedno najveći izazov dugotrajne njege. Uz veliki pritisak na članove obitelji koji žrtvuju svoje radno vrijeme i zdravlje, neformalna njega često je jedini izbor dostupne njege u mnogim slabije razvijenim dijelovima EU-a. Osim dohotka, koji predstavlja osnovni preduvjet za korištenje kućne njege, kulturološke i zakonske norme determiniraju sklonost prema formalnom ili neformalnom obliku kućne njege. Provođenje kućne njege značajno se razlikuje između zemalja EU-a. U provođenju kućne njege zemlje južne i istočne Europe karakteristične su po tradicionalnom obiteljskom narativu usluge, u kojem se, što zbog zakonske obveze, što zbog običaja, skrb o starijem korisniku kućanstva prenosi na članove obitelji (najčešće ženske osobe – supruge ili djecu). S druge strane, zemlje sjeverne Europe -
zbog izdašnih javnih davanja - imaju veće prilike za korištenje educiranog angažiranog osoblja u provođenju kućne njege, čime se „većinski“ teret skrbi s obitelji prenosi na treću osobu. Vjerojatno „najhumaniji“ pristup u kućnoj njezi predstavlja kombinacija obje vrste njege (formalne i neformalne) koja dominira u zemljama srednje Europe. Međutim, s obzirom na dostupnost formalne i neformalne kućne njege uvjetovane socioekonomskim prilikama (dovoljan broj njegovatelja, mogućnost izbora različitih opcija njege, organizacija sustava formalne skrbi i u ruralnim područjima), postavlja se pitanje pravednog korištenja tih usluga. Pojedini korisnici već su u početku ograničeni u mogućnostima korištenja kućne njege s obzirom na sredinu življenja. Uz to, korištenje svake od usluga kućne njege (formalnog i neformalnog tipa) zahtjeva i učešće privatnog dohotka korisnika, što s obzirom na visinu platežne moći korisnika, o(ne)mogućuje korištenje pojedine usluge. Osim dohotka i sredine življenja (urbana/ruralna sredina) i ostali čimbenici poput zdravstvenog stanja, sastava kućanstva, broja djece i razine obrazovanja mogu se povezati s oblikom usluge kućne njege. Smatra se da bolje obrazovani korisnici imaju veći raspoloživ dohodak i širi spektar dostupnih informacija te već u ranijoj fazi promišljaju o mogućnostima korištenja dugotrajne njege i načinima njihovog financiranja. U doktorskom radu se stoga identificira zastupljenost formalne i neformalne kućne njege među starijom populacijom te se istražuje postoji li horizontalna nejednakost i vertikalna nepravda u korištenju tih vrsta usluga. Dobivene informacije mogle bi koristiti nositeljima nacionalnih politika u organizaciji pravednog sustava distribucije kućne njege i to putem horizontalnog (osobe jednakog zdravstvenog stanja koriste istu razinu skrbi) i vertikalnog pristupa (osobe različitog zdravstvenog stanja koriste različitu vrstu i razinu skrbi). U radu se upotrebljavaju podaci iz 8. i 9. vala studije SHARE - Istraživanje o zdravlju, starenju i umirovljenju u Europi (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe - SHARE) koji su prikupljeni tijekom 2019./2020. i 2021./2022. godine u 27 europskih zemalja. Radni uzorak obuhvaća osobe koje su u vrijeme provedbe pojedinog vala istraživanja bile u dobi od 65 ili više godina. Rezultati prikazuju zastupljenost formalne i neformalne njege u korist siromašnih korisnika u analiziranim zemljama. Obrazovanje pokazuje da sve zemlje imaju djelomični koncentracijski indeks u smjeru bogatih (pro-rich), što se može izraziti da obrazovaniji ljudi doživljavaju manje nejednakosti. Obrazovanje i prihodi su u pozitivnoj korelaciji, što znači da visoko obrazovani ljudi uživaju bolje prihode. Nakon što se uzmu u obzir čimbenici potreba, nejednakosti u formalnoj skrbi nestale su za većinu zemalja, dok su nejednakosti u neformalnoj skrbi ostale u mnogo većem broju za većinu zemalja, uglavnom s orijentacijom za siromašne.The number and share of elderly people in the total population is increasing, especially those over 80 years old. Due to increasingly demanding users with changed habits (desire for accommodation and care in city centers with all available facilities, higher technological literacy, need for greater involvement in decisions of the public and political life of people of the third age, motivation for work activity even after entering retirement), long-term care of the elderly is a current topic of European social and health policies. Members of the European Union (EU) strive to ensure a sufficient number of infrastructural care facilities for the elderly and infirm, increase the number of professional staff, develop alternative forms of care and decentralize existing care to less developed regions. New generations of users express a desire for a different approach to care, namely care provided in their own environment (home care) with constant supervision by professionally engaged staff. In addition to the pressure on public finances, EU member states face the problem of insufficient labor force, especially in the provision of home care (mostly within the formal type), which they compensate for migrants from third countries. However, insufficient education of migrants impairs the quality of formal services provided in home care. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2021) states that formal care is the only and exclusive form of home care. However, numerous authors of scientific papers also include informal care as a form of home care (Ilinca et al., 2017; Rodrigues et al., 2017). It is considered that informal care is the most widespread form of long-term care, so with this in mind, careful consideration of the distribution of such services to elderly users is required (OECD, 2021). Long-term care is divided into formal and informal. Formal home care is provided by educated/trained staff (more often than not, low-educated caregivers or, less often, nurses). Informal care is most often carried out by members of the immediate family and is also the biggest challenge of long-term care. With great pressure on family members sacrificing their working hours and health, informal care is often the only choice of care available in many less developed parts of the EU. In addition to income, which is the basic prerequisite for the use of home care, cultural and legal norms determine the preference for formal or informal forms of home care. The implementation of home care varies significantly between EU countries. In the implementation of home care, the countries of Southern and Eastern Europe are characterized by the traditional family narrative of service, in which, partly due to legal obligation, partly due to custom, the care of the elderly user of the
household is transferred to family members (most often women - wives or children). On the other hand, the countries of northern Europe - due to generous public benefits - have greater opportunities to use educated, engaged staff in the implementation of home care, which transfers the "majority" burden of family care to a third person. Probably the most "humane" approach in home care is the combination of both types of care (formal and informal), which dominates in Central European countries. However, considering the availability of formal and informal home care conditioned by socioeconomic circumstances (sufficient number of caregivers, the possibility of choosing different care options, the organization of the formal care system in rural areas), the question of fair use of these services arises. Some users are already limited in the possibilities of using home care, given their living environment. In addition, the use of each of the home care services (formal and informal type) also requires the participation of the user's private income, which, considering the level of payment power of the user, makes it (not) possible to use a particular service. In addition to income and living environment (urban/rural environment), other factors such as health status, household composition, number of children and level of education can be associated with the form of home care service. It is considered that better-educated users have higher disposable income and a wider spectrum of available information, and that they think about the possibilities of using long-term care and ways of financing it at an earlier stage. The dissertation therefore identifies the representation of formal and informal home care among the elderly population and investigates whether there is horizontal inequality and vertical inequity in the use of these types of services. The obtained information could be useful to national policy makers in the organization of a fair distribution system of home care through a horizontal (persons with the same health condition use the same level of care) and vertical approach (persons with a different health condition use a different type and level of care). The paper uses data from the 8th and 9th waves of the SHARE study - Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe - SHARE, which were collected during 2019/2020. and 2021/2022. in 27 European countries. The working sample includes persons who were aged 65 or older at the time of the individual wave of research. The results show the representation of formal and informal care in favor of poor users in the analyzed countries. Education shows that all countries have a partial concentration index in the direction of the rich (pro-rich), which can be expressed that more educated people experience less inequality. Education and income are positively correlated, meaning that highly educated people enjoy better incomes. After taking into account needs factors, inequalities in formal care disappeared for most countries, while inequalities in informal care remained much larger for most countries, mostly with a pro-poor orientation
Što žele vinski turisti?
No full textVinski turizam predstavlja brzorastući segment turističkog tržišta, u čijem je središtu doživljaj vinskih turista koji putuju izvan svoje sredine i uživaju u aktivnostima povezanima s uživanjem u vinu u poznatim vinskim regijama. Mnogo je empirijskih istraživanja u području vinskog turizma usmjereno na ispitivanje stavova posjetitelja vinarija i vinskih događanja. Međutim, budući da takva istraživanja mogu propustiti mogućnost ispitivanja namjera i percepcija budućih posjetitelja, ovim se radom nastoje identificirati istaknuta obilježja vinarija i vinskih regija iz perspektive potencijalnih vinskih turista, a s ciljem razumijevanja značajki koje bi mogle utjecati na odluku o posjetu vinariji ili vinskoj regiji. U tu je svrhu provedeno anketno istraživanje usmjereno na potencijalne vinske turiste na području Primorsko-goranske i Istarske županije. Anketiranjem je prikupljeno ukupno 108 valjanih odgovora. Faktorskom analizom izdvojena su sljedeća četiri faktora koji predstavljaju različite dimenzije doživljaja vinskog turizma: ambijent, kulturna baština destinacije, doživljaj vinarije te lokalna eno-gastronomska ponuda destinacije. Također, regresijskom analizom utvrđeno je da je lokalna gastronomska ponuda destinacije signifikantan prediktor doživljaja vinarije. Rezultati istraživanja impliciraju da na motivaciju za odabir vinske regije kao turističke destinacije, odnosno na namjeru posjeta određenoj vinariji ne utječe samo želja za uživanjem u vinu nego i značajke turističke ponude te prirodno-kulturna baština regije
Treatment of the Patient with Brugada Syndrome – a Case Report
No full textCilj: Brugadin sindrom predstavlja rijedak genetski poremećaj koji se može prepoznati po karakterističnim promjenama EKG zapisa. Sindrom je češći u zemljama jugoistočne Azije u odnosu na ostatak svijeta. S obzirom na sve veću prisutnost stranih radnika iz područja jugoistočne Azije u Europi, cilj je ovoga rada skrenuti pozornost zdravstvenih djelatnika na sindrom i educirati ih radi ranog prepoznavanja i pravovremene stratifikacije rizičnih bolesnika. Prikaz slučaja: Ovim radom prikazuje se slučaj bolesnika hospitaliziranog zbog izvanbolničkog srčanog zastoja. Nakon hemodinamske stabilizacije na hitnom prijamu učinjen je EKG kojim su uočene promjene indikativne za Brugadin obrazac tipa 1. Tijekom obrade ubrzo je ponovno došlo do srčanog aresta uslijed polimorfne ventrikularne tahikardije. Ovoga puta, usprkos brojnim defibrilacijama i terapiji, inicijalno nije postignut povratak spontane cirkulacije. Električna oluja okončana je tek primjenom izoproterenola, agonista β-adrenoreceptora preporučenog smjernicama Europskog kardiološkog društva u slučaju električne oluje u bolesnika s Brugadinim sindromom. U daljnjem tijeku prikaza opisuje se boravak u bolnici i liječenje bolesnika, razvoj komplikacija, njihovo zbrinjavanje i implantacija kardioverter-defibrilatora u sekundarnoj prevenciji. Zaključak: Specifičnost ovog sindroma je povećan rizik iznenadne srčane smrti u zdravih i relativno mladih ljudi, većinom muškaraca. Smjernice daju jasne preporuke o zbrinjavanju simptomatskih bolesnika, kao i onih s Brugadinim obrascem tipa 1. Za obrasce tipa 2 i 3 nisu dane jasne smjernice, stoga za stratifikaciju rizika i daljnje postupanje može poslužiti konsenzus eksperata izražen u Šangajskom bodovnom sustavu. Od velike je važnosti prepoznati EKG zapise s Brugadinim obrascem te pravovremeno uputiti bolesnika na daljnju obradu u cilju primarne prevencije iznenadne srčane smrti.Aim: Brugada syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can be recognized by characteristic changes in ECG records. The syndrome is more common in Southeast Asian countries than in the rest of the world. Considering the increasing presence of foreign workers from Southeast Asia in Europe, this work aims to draw attention of healthcare professionals and educate them on early recognition and prompt stratification of patients at risk. Case report: This paper presents the case of a patient hospitalized due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. After hemodynamic stabilization at the emergency department, ECG showed changes indicative of Brugada pattern type 1. Cardiac arrest soon occurred again due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. This time, despite numerous defibrillations and therapy, the return of spontaneous circulation was not achieved initially. The electrical storm was finally terminated by the administration of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoreceptor agonist recommended by the Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. In the further course, the hospital stay, development of complications, their treatment, and the implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator in secondary prevention are described. Conclusion: The specificity of this syndrome is the increased risk of sudden cardiac death in healthy and young individuals, mostly men. The Guidelines give clear recommendations on the management of symptomatic patients, as well as those with Brugada pattern type 1. No clear guidelines are given for pattern types 2 and 3. Therefore, the consensus of experts expressed in the Shanghai scoring system can be used for risk stratification and further treatment. It is of great importance to recognize ECG records with the Brugada pattern and to promptly refer the patient for further evaluation with the aim of primary prevention of sudden cardiac death
Transcatheter Cardiac Procedures in Children in Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka: Retrospective Study
No full textCilj: Kateterizacije srca postale su standard u dijagnostici i liječenju djece s prirođenom srčanom greškom i adekvatno zamjenjuju operativne zahvate na otvorenom srcu. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati kateterizacije srca učinjene u pedijatrijskoj populaciji u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka. Ispitanici i metode: Ova retrospektivna studija obuhvatila je svu djecu od 0 do 18 godina, koja su zbog bilo kojeg razloga imala indikaciju za kateterizaciju srca u periodu od
1. siječnja 2016. do 31. prosinca 2021. Podatci su dobiveni iz informatičkog bolničkog sustava (IBIS) i povijesti bolesti ispitanika. Analizirani su spol i dob ispitanika, broj i vrsta kateterizacije, vrste intervencija te komplikacije nakon zahvata. Rezultati: U promatranom šestogodišnjem periodu učinjene su 183 kateterizacije srca kod 175-ero djece – 78 (42,6 %) je bilo dijagnostičkih, a 105 (57,4 %) intervencijskih. Od ukupnog broja kateterizacija 78 (43 %) ih je učinjeno kod djevojčica. U dobnoj skupini djece mlađe od 10 godina učinjeno je 108 kateterizacija (59 %), od toga najviše u dojenčadi (N = 25 ili 13,7 %). Transkatetersko zatvaranje defekta atrijskog septuma bio je najčešći intervencijski zahvat (N = 85, 47,2 %). Komplikacije su bile rijetke (N = 10, 5,5 %), a smrtnih slučajeva nije bilo. Zaključak: Zadnjih godina smanjuje se broj dijagnostičkih kateterizacija s istovremenim povećavanjem broja intervencijskih. Kateterizacije srca u djece u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka zahvati su s izrazito malim postotkom komplikacija i rezultatima koji se podudaraju s onima iz drugih europskih centara.Aim: Cardiac catheterizations have become the standard in the diagnosis and treatment of children with congenital heart defects and are adequately replacing open heart surgery. This paper aims to analyse cardiac catheterizations performed in the paediatric population at the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre. Subjects and methods: This retrospective study included all children aged 0-18 years, who for any reason had an indication for cardiac catheterization in the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021. The data were obtained from the hospital information system (IBIS) and the subjects’ medical history. The gender and age of the subjects, number and type of catheterization, types of interventions and complications per procedure were analysed. Results: In the last six years, 183 cardiac catheterizations were performed in 175 children; 78 (42.6%) were diagnostic, and 105 (57.4%) were interventional. Of the total catheterizations, 78 (43%) were performed on girls. In the age group of children younger than 10 years, 108 catheterizations (59%) were performed, of which the majority were in infants (N=25 or 13.7%). The most common intervention was transcatheter closure of the atrial septal defect (N=85, 47.2%). Complications were rare (N=10, 5.5%), with no deaths. Conclusion: In recent years, the number of diagnostic catheterizations has decreased while the number of interventional catheterizations has increased simultaneously. Cardiac catheterizations in children at Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka are procedures with an extremely low percentage of complications and results that match those of other European centres
Kazališna scenografija u filmskom kadru
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje odnos kazališne scenografije i filmskog kadra. Fokusira se na načine na koje elementi kazališne estetike i funkcionalnosti mogu obogatiti filmski medij. Kroz analizu povijesnih i suvremenih primjera, rad ističe kako kazališni pristupi oblikovanja prostora, simbolike i naracije pružaju nove dimenzije filmskom izrazu. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na integraciju kazališnih principa u filmsku scenografiju. U to se uključuju simbolički prostori, stilizirani elementi i umjetnička reinterpretacija realnosti.
Kroz detaljnu analizu odabranih filmova, poput Kabinet doktora Caligarija, Kuhara, lopova, njegovu ženu i njezinog ljubavnika, Romeo i Julija, Dogville i The Grand Budapest Hotel, rad ilustrira kako kazališni principi mogu oblikovati vizualni identitet i narativ filma. Proučavanje ovih filmova naglašava potencijal kazališne scenografije da stvori emotivno i vizualno bogat svijet koji reflektira tematske i kulturne slojeve priče
Agriculture Through Sustainability Perspectives
No full textToday’s agriculture is facing a number of challenges that will have a major impact on its future. Therefore, even though most of these issues are universal and apply to the agricultural sector across Europe and the world, this book is dedicated to analyzing the specific problems and opportunities in Croatian agriculture. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing sustainable strategies that will enable farmers to successfully adapt their operations to global trends and changes.
One of the biggest challenges for Croatian agriculture is its size, which is small, and fragmentation, both of which pose an obstacle in its competitiveness in comparison to large global producers. While the sector is experiencing rapid progress worldwide, the state of Croatian agriculture is aggravated even more by technological backwardness as many farmers still rely on outdated methods and equipment. Rural communities, already burdened by economic challenges, are facing depopulation and out-migration of young people, resulting in the reduction of the agricultural labour force and threatening the survival of rural areas. This is a problem not only in Croatia, but also in other European countries, which increasingly emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions. Moreover, climate change makes the already difficult conditions in agriculture even more complex as it significantly affects crop yields and quality. The preservation of agricultural varieties is not only a question of agricultural survival, but also of preserving cultural heritage and food diversity. Adapting to the new conditions requires innovative approaches, investment in more resilient varieties and equipping farmers with the knowledge and resources needed to manage change effectively.
Despite these difficulties, Croatian agriculture has considerable potential for development. The synergy with tourism offers opportunities to combine local products with the growing agritourism sector, opportunities to promote local products, support rural development and preserve traditions. With the help of government incentives and European funding, Croatian farmers can modernize their farms, invest in innovation and improve product quality. Particular opportunities lie in the development of organic farming, the circular economy and the shortening of supply chains, which enable greater added value for both producers and consumers.
In this book, particular attention is given to products that combine market potential and cultural identity, such as wine, prosciutto and honey. These products not only have high added value, but are also a symbol of Croatian tradition and excellence on the international stage. Their development can open up and create new business opportunities and, at the same time, strengthen the identity of rural communities.
By comprehensively analyzing the challenges and opportunities, this book aims to give the reader a deeper insight into the complexity of the Croatian agricultural sector. We hope that it will help to understand the problems faced, but also to find solutions for sustainable development. With the right use of resources, innovative strategies and the combination of science and practice, Croatian agriculture has the potential to become more competitive, to preserve rural areas and to contribute to the overall economic development of the country.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank the authors who had recognized the need to participate in writing this book and have contributed to it with their work. We would also like to thank four distinguished university professors who have reviewed the book and have recognized the value of this academic work. In addition, we would like to thank all thirty-four reviewers of the individual chapters, as each chapter underwent a double-blind anonymous review process before the entire book was reviewed. Finally, we would like to thank the management of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Rijeka for their full support in preparing this book. And to conclude, the book in front of you entitled Agriculture Through Sustainability Perspectives is published as a scientific monograph of the University of Rijeka in accordance with the decision of the Senate (Class 007-01/25-03/02, Registration number: 2170-137-01-25-38, on 18th February 2025).
The book is financed by three scientific projects, two funded by the University of Rijeka (The institutional framework of the wine sector in the Republic of Croatia (ZIP-UNIRI-2023-4) and Economic perspectives and sustainability of the agricultural sector (uniri-iskusni-drustv-23-295)) and one funded by the Jean Monnet Chair (EU Business Policies and Contemporary Challenges of European Integration)
Air masses and weather fronts in maritime navigation
No full textZračne mase i atmosferske fronte predstavljaju temeljne komponente pomorske meteorologije, s izravnim posljedicama na sigurnost plovidbe. Zračne mase na koje utječe zemljopisno područje i kakvoća podloge, razlikuju se prema temperaturi, relativnoj vlažnosti i sastavu što izravno utječe na stabilnost zraka, a time i na vremenske uvjete. Granice između zračnih masa, poznate kao atmosferske fronte, donose promjene u vremenskim uvjetima, uključujući promjenu vjetra, oborine i smanjuju vidljivost. Razumijevanje ovih pojava ključno je za navigaciju, planiranje ruta i izbjegavanje potencijalnih opasnosti. Ovaj rad analizira utjecaje zračnih masa i fronti na meteorološke uvjete te nudi smjernice za njihovo praćenje s posebnim naglaskom na primjenu u pomorskoj praksi radi povećanja sigurnosti i učinkovitosti plovidbe.Air masses and weather fronts represent basic components of marine meteorology, with direct consequences for navigation safety. Air masses influenced by geographical area and surface quality, differ in temperature, relative humidity and system, which directly affects air stability and thus weather conditions. Boundaries between air masses, known as weather fronts, bring changes in weather conditions, including change of wind, precipitation, and reduced visibility. Understanding these phenomena is essential for navigation, route planning, and avoiding potential hazards. This paper analyses impacts of air masses and fronts on meteorological conditions and offers guidelines for their monitoring and adaptation, with special emphasis on application in maritime practice to increase the safety and efficiency of navigation
The importance of teamwork organization in the prevention of accidents at sea
No full textUčinkovit timski rad ključan je u sprječavanju nesreća na moru, jer promiče bolju komunikaciju, koordinaciju i donošenje odluka. Nedostatak ovih elemenata bio je faktor koji je doprinio velikim pomorskim katastrofama kao što su Exxon Valdez, Costa Concordia i MV Herald of Free Enterprise. Primjenom praksi kao što su obuka za upravljanje resursima posade i sustavi upravljanja sigurnošću, sigurnosne performanse posade mogu se značajno poboljšati. Standardizirani postupci, stalna obuka, simulacije i poticaji za kontinuirano učenje igraju ključnu ulogu u održavanju visokih sigurnosnih standarda i operativne učinkovitosti na brodovima. Slijedeći ove strategije, rizik od nesreća može se smanjiti, osiguravajući sigurnu i uspješnu plovidbu.Effective teamwork is crucial in preventing accidents at sea, as it promotes better communication, coordination and decision-making. The lack of these elements has been a contributing factor to major maritime disasters such as the Exxon Valdez, Costa Concordia and the MV Herald of Free Enterprise. By implementing practices such as crew resource management training and safety management systems, crew safety performance can be significantly improved. Standardized procedures, ongoing training, simulations and incentives for continuous learning play a key role in maintaining high safety standards and operational efficiency on board ships. By following these strategies, the risk of accidents can be reduced, ensuring safe and successful navigation
Rodne pogrdnice : semantička, etička i politička dimenzija
No full textBy combining philosophy of language, political philosophy, and epistemology, the dissertation explores the ethical and political dimensions of slurs, areas that have been understudied despite recent increased philosophical interest. Slurs are a part of the pejorative cluster, and they express derogatory attitudes towards their targets. Slurs are the most used vehicle of hate speech which makes them a critical focus for understanding the broader phenomenon of hate speech. The main goal of the thesis is to address the harm caused by slurs that do not traditionally fit into the category of hate speech. Namely, some slurs do not legally qualify as hate speech but still cause significant harm, both individually and collectively. The most typical examples of these kinds of slurs are gendered slurs for women, such as whore, slut, etc. The idea that gendered slurs target women as a group and not just individuals has been challenged, and the thesis presents a possible answer to this challenge by augmenting existing theories of slurs. Namely, I utilize Miščević’s (2016) idea of slurs having layers and suggest a new layer: the negative identity-prejudicial stereotype layer, inspired by Fricker’s (2007) work. Finally, the pivotal aspect of the thesis is the introduction of the novel concept of derogatory-labeling injustice which explains how such slurs (prime examples being gendered slurs for women) cause significant harm through negative identity prejudice evoked by their literal uses. The dissertation, as stated, augments existing theories of slurs and highlights the role of negative identity prejudice in generating this kind of injustice. By examining slurs through the lens of philosophy of language, social and political philosophy, and epistemology, the thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of slurs and their impact.Kombinirajući filozofiju jezika, političku filozofiju i epistemologiju, disertacija istražuje etičke i političke dimenzije pogrda. Navedena područja nedovoljno su istražena unatoč nedavnom povećanom zanimanju za njih u filozofiji jezika. Pogrde podpadaju pod pogrdnice, a izražavaju negativne stavove prema žrtvama. Pogrde su najčešće korišteno sredstvo govora mržnje što ih čini kritičnom točkom fokusa za razumijevanje šireg fenomena govora mržnje. Glavni cilj ovoga rada jest istražiti štetu koju čine one pogrde koje se tradicionalno ne uklapaju u kategoriju govora mržnje. Naime, neke pogrde se pravno ne kvalificiraju kao govor mržnje, ali ipak uzrokuju značajnu štetu, sličnu onoj koju uzrokuje govor mržnje. Najtipičniji primjeri ove vrste pogrda su rodne pogrde za žene, kao što su kurva, drolja, itd. Ideja da su rodne pogrde usmjerene na žene kao skupinu, a ne samo pojedince, je dovedena u pitanje, a rad predstavlja mogući odgovor na taj izazov proširenjem postojećih teorija o pogrdama. Naime, koristim se Miščevićevom (2016) idejom da pogrde imaju slojeve te predlažem novi sloj, a to je negativni identitetsko-predrasudni stereotip, inspiriran radom Mirande Fricker (2007). Ključni aspekt disertacije je uvođenje novog koncepta nepravde – nepravde pogrdnog etiketiranja – koji objašnjava mehanizme takvih pogrda (glavni primjeri takvih pogrda su pogrde za žene). Odnosno, dokazuje se da takve vrste pogrda, u njihovoj doslovnoj upotrebi, uzrokuju značajnu štetu evocirajući negativne predrasude o identitetu. Disertacija, kao što je navedeno, proširuje postojeće teorije o pogrdama i naglašava ulogu predrasuda o negativnom identitetu u stvaranju nove vrste nepravde. Proučavajući pogrde kroz prizmu filozofije jezika, socijalne i političke filozofije te epistemologije, rad pridonosi dubljem razumijevanju pogrda i njihovog utjecaja
Intrakapsularni temporomandibularni poremećaji označavaju aktivnost aksijalnog spondiloartritisa
No full textObjectives: The group of spondyloarthritis (SpA) disorders shares common clinical manifestations,
including internal derangement (ID) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aimed to investigate SpA activity in patients with ID of TMJ. Materials and Methods: We assessed 200 patients with neck pain using the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. TMJ was examined using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD protocol). Patients with SpA were divided into three groups: symptomatic ID of TMJ, asymptomatic ID of TMJ, or healthy TMJ (controls). Activity of SpA was evaluated using the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score
(ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Disease Activity Index in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), patients’ self-estimated SpA activity, difficulties in performing daily activities, pain intensity (visual analogue scale) and laboratory parameters. Results: Patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic ID showed statistically significantly increased ASDAS, anti-streptolysin titer, patients’ self-estimated axial pain and activity of SpA, and decreased hematocrit than the control. Patients with symptomatic ID also had statistically significant earlier onset of SpA, along with increased BASDAI and DAPSA, total body pain, difficulties in performing daily activities, platelet count, and serum alpha-amylase but lower hemoglobin concentration than controls. Patients with asymptomatic ID had higher frequencies of exacerbated axial SpA and sacroiliac joint ankylosis compared to the control. Conclusion: All patients with SpA and ID showed increased axial disease activity.Cilj rada: Skupina bolesti spondiloartritisa (SpA) ima zajedničke kliničke pojavnosti, uključujući intrakapsularni temporomandibularni poremećaj (IK TMP). Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj istražiti aktivnost SpA-e kod bolesnika s IK TMP-om. Materijali i metode: Dijagnosticirali smo SpA kod 200 bolesnika s bolovima u vratu koristeći se međunarodnom razradbom ASAS (engl. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society). Temporomandibularni zglob (TMZ) pregledan je s pomoću protokola Dijagnostički kriteriji za temporomandibularne poremećaje (DK/TMP). Bolesnici sa SpA-om podijeljeni su u tri
skupine: simptomatski IK TMP, asimptomatski IK TMP ili zdravi TMZ (kontrola). Aktivnost SpA-e procijenjena je korištenjem ASDAS-a (engl. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score), BASDAI-ija (engl. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), DAPSA-e (engl. Disease Activity Index in Psoriatic Arthritis), aktivnosti SpA-e koju su bolesnici sami procijenili, poteškoća u obavljanju dnevnih aktivnosti, jakosti bolova (vizualna analogna ljestvica) i laboratorijskim parametrima. Rezultati: Bolesnici sa simptomatskim i asimptomatskim IK TMP-om imali su statistički značajno veći ASDAS, titar antistreptolizina,
samoprocjenu aksijalne boli i aktivnost SpA-e te smanjeni hematokrit u odnosu prema kontroli. Bolesnici sa simptomatskim IKTMP-om dodatno su imali statistički značajno raniji početak SpA-e, zajedno s povećanim BASDAI-jem i DAPSA-om, bolovima u cijelom tijelu, poteškoćama u obavljanju dnevnih aktivnosti, broju trombocita i koncentracijom α-amilaze u serumu, ali manju koncentraciju hemoglobina od kontrole. Bolesnici s asimptomatskim IK TMP-om imali su veću učestalost pogoršanja aksijalnoga spondiloartritisa (SpA) i ankiloze sakroilijačnoga zgloba u usporedbi s kontrolom. Zaključak: Kod svih bolesnila sa SpA-om i IK TMP-om zabilježena je povećana aksijalna aktivnost bolesti