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The importance of health education in primary schools of the Republic of Croatia and Switzerland
No full textSažetak: Uvod: Zdravstveni odgoj u osnovnoj školi je vrlo bitan u odrastanju te je neizbježan za razvijanje zdravih životnih navika te pravilnog i uspješnog očuvanja zdravlja za cijeli život. Cilj: Istražiti stavove u osnovnim školama Republike Hrvatske i Švicarske o važnosti zdravstvenog odgoja u osnovnim školama.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno jednokratnim anketiranjem pomoću upitnika koji je sastavljen u svrhu ovog istraživanja vodeći računa o važećim Planovima i programima zdravstvenog odgoja osnovnih škola u Hrvatskoj i Švicarskoj. Anketni upitnik se sastoji od 100 pitanja raspoređenih u 13 skupina. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz studeni 2019. godine u Eggu u Švicarskoj i kroz svibanj 2020. godine u Dugopolju u Hrvatskoj. Uključena su 136 učenika u dobi od 11 do 16 godina i obrađene su sve ankete. Od toga 82 (60.3%) ispitanika u Eggu u Švicarskoj i 54 (39.7%) ispitanika u Dugopolju u Hrvatskoj.
Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali da viši razredi imaju bolje stavove i veća znanja od ispitanika u nižim razredima. Posebno se vide razlike kada su u pitanju znanja o menstruaciji (χ2=23,395; P<0,001), korištenju prezervativa (χ2=25,140; P<0,001) i prenošenju HIV-a (χ2=28,025; P<0,001). Što se tiče zadovoljstva zdravstvenim odgojem po državama su ispitanici u Švicarskoj generalno zadovoljniji zdravstvenim odgojem, posebno kada je u pitanju sadržaj (χ2=32,900; P=0,001).
Zaključci: Istraživanje je pokazalo statistički značajne razlike u znanju i stavovima između viših i nižih razreda. Viši razredi imaju generalno bolje stavove i znanja u svim područjima vezano za zdravstveni odgoj osim u vlastitim kognitivnim sposobnostima i navikama učenja u kojima je utvrđeno da nema statistički značajne razlike. Općenito je uočljiv trend pozitivnijih stavova o važnosti zdravstvenog odgoja ispitanika u švicarskoj osnovnoj školi u odnosu na ispitanike u hrvatskoj osnovnoj školi. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u zadovoljstvu zdravstvenim odgojem. Kada je u pitanju zadovoljstvo pruženim zdravstvenim odgojem u školi, načinom predavanja zdravstvenog odgoja i sadržajem, značajno veći broj ispitanika u Švicarskoj je zadovoljan u odnosu na ispitanike u Hrvatskoj. Utvrđeno je da svi ispitanici u Hrvatskoj i Švicarskoj na primjeren način shvaćaju važnost zdravog stila života i osobne odgovornosti za zdravlje. Najveći utjecaj na znanje i stavove o zdravstvenom odgoju ispitanika u Hrvatskoj ima škola, dok u Švicarskoj na ispitanike veći utjecaj imaju roditelji. Utvrđeno je da je praktična nastava te kontinuirano ponavljanje i primjenjivanje znanja u svakodnevnom životu najprimjereniji način podizanja znanja i stvaranja pozitivnih stavova kod djece u osnovnim školama o zdravstvenom odgoju.Introduction: Health education in primary school determines a crucial role in growing up and is inevitable for the development of healthy lifestyles. Aim: Examine the attitudes in primary schools in the Republic of Croatia and Switzerland on the importance of health care in primary schools.
Method: The research was conducted with a one-time survey using a questionnaire made for the purposes of this research and taking into account the current plans and programs of health education at primary schools in Croatia and Switzerland. The questionnaire consists of 100 questions divided into 13 categories. The research has been conducted in November of 2019 in Egg, Switzerland and in May of 2020 in Dugopolje, Croatia. 136 students aged 11 to 16 were participating in it; All questionnaires were processed. Out of these, 82 (60.3%) respondents were situated in Egg, Switzerland and 54 (39.7%) in Dugopolje, Croatia.
Results: The results of this research have shown that the respondents in higher grades have better attitudes and more knowledge than the lower grade respondents. Differences are especially visible when it comes to knowledge about menstruation (χ2 = 23.395; P <0.001), condom usage (χ2 = 25.140; P <0.001) and HIV transmission (χ2 = 28.025; P <0.001). In terms of satisfaction with health education by country, respondents in Switzerland are generally more satisfied with health education, especially with the content (χ2 = 32,900; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: The research has shown differences in knowledge and attitudes among respondents in higher and lower grades. Higher grades generally have better attitudes and knowledge in all areas related to health education except in their own cognitive abilities and study habits which concluded with no significant differences. In general, respondents have a more positive attitude about the importance of health education in Switzerland compared to Croatia. When it comes to satisfaction with the provided health education and the way it gets taught, a significantly higher number of Swiss respondents are more satisfied than Croatian respondents. It was found that all respondents in Croatia and Switzerland appropriately understand the importance of healthy lifestyles and personal responsibility for health. In Croatia, schools have the greatest influence on the knowledge and attitudes about the respondents health education, while in Switzerland parents have greater influences. It was found that practical teaching and continuous repetition and application of knowledge is the most appropriate way to learn and create positive attitudes among primary school children about health
Specifics of nursing care in patients with multiple sclerosis
No full textMultipla skleroza je autoimuna, degenerativna, demijelinizacijska bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava. Oštećenja mogu zahvatit područja velikog i malog mozga, moždanog debla i kralježnične moždine. Na mjestima oštećenja mijelinske ovojnice dolazi do stvaranja demijeliziranih plakova (mozak i kralježnična moždina) te često bude zahvaćen vidni živac. Te promjene dovode do blokade prijenosa živčanih impulsa, uzrokovajući poremećaje funkcije središnjeg živčanog sustava. Uzrok same bolesti je nepoznat pretpostavlja se da uključuje genetsku osjetljivost, abnormalnosti u imunološkom sustavu i čimbenike okoliša. A karakteriziraju ju nepredvidivi neurološki simptomi, teška dijagnoza i nejednaka geografska podijeljenost. Četiri su osnovna tipa multiple skleroze, četiri dodatna uz patološke oblike. Multipla skleroza se javlja u rasponu od 18. – 50. godine života te žene obolijevaju češće nego muškarci. Na području Hrvatske incidencija je 15 - 30 slučajeva na 100.000 stanovnika. Dijagnoza bolesti je psihički teška za pacijenta, a i za obitelj, zato su medicinske sestre dužne pružiti edukaciju i potporu za bolju prilagodbu .Kroz poznavanje procesa zdravstvene njege i cjelovit pristup, medicinska sestra prikuplja podatke te utvrđuje aktualne i potencijalne sestrinske dijagnoze uz izradu odgovarajućeg plana zdravstvene njege. Neke od zadaća medicinske sestre obuhvaćaju poznavanje bolesti, mogućnosti liječenja, edukaciju te prevenciju komplikacija.Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, degenerative, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The damage can affect the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and the spinal cord. Demyelinated plaques (located on the brain and the spinal cord) form at the spots of myelin sheath damage, often affecting the optic nerve. These changes result in the blockage of the transmission of nerve impulses, causing disturbances in the nervous system function. The cause of the disease itself is unknown, but it’s believed to consist of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and abnormalities of the immune system. And it’s characterized with unpredictable neurological symptoms, difficulty of diagnosis and uneven geographical diversion. There are four main types of multiple sclerosis, and four additional pathological forms. Multiple sclerosis occurs between the range of 18-50 years of age, and women have higher chances of ailment then men. In Croatia, the incidence is 15-30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Diagnosis of the disease is particularly psychologically difficult for the patient and the family, so nurses are obligated to provide education and support for better adjustment. Trough knowledge of the health care process and comprehensive approach, the nurse collects needed data and determines current and potential nursing care diagnoses. Some of the duties include extensive knowledge of the disease, treatment options, education and prevention of complications
The role of PCR tehchnology in COVID-19 detection
No full textCilj: Istražiti ulogu PCR tehnologije pri dijagnostici COVID-19 infekcije.
Materijal i metode:Opisan je postupak izvođenja PCR-a od izolacije RNA do detekcije i amplifikacije virusa
na dva aparata kao i postupak i svrha brzog PCR testiranja. Također, opisani su prikladni materijali za postupak
RT-PCR-a i brzog PCR testa.
Rezultati:PCR produkt nastaje eksponencijalno. Potrebno je nekoliko ciklusa da bi se umnožilo dovoljno DNA
kopija, krivulja odnosa intenziteta fluorescencije prema broju ciklusa pokazuje sigmoidalni oblik. U kasnim
ciklusima supstrati reakcije su potrošeni i PCR produkt se više ne udvostručuje, krivulja prelazi u ravan oblik.
Važna je Ct vrijednost koja je obrnuto proporcionalna količini virusa prisutnoj u uzorku.
Zaključak: Obje metode, RT-PCR i brzi PCR test, imaju visoku osjetljivost i specifičnost kod pozitivnih
rezultata no RT-PCR ima manju stopu lažno negativnih rezultata.Objectives: To investigate the role of PCR technology in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
Material and methods: The procedure for performing PCR from RNA isolation to virus detection and
amplification is described as well as the procedure and purpose of rapid PCR testing. Suitable materials for RT-
PCR and rapid PCR testing are also described.
Results: PCR product is formed exponentially. It takes several cycles to replicate enough DNA copies, the
flourescence intensity-to number ratio curve shows the sigmoidal shape. In the late cycles the reaction substrates
are consumed and the PCR product no longer doubles, the curve turns into a flat shape. Ct value, which is
inversely proportional to the amount of virus present in the sample, is also important.
Conclusion: Both methods have high sensitivity and specificity in positive results but RT-PCR has lower rate
of false negative results
THE IMPORTANCE OF STRETCHING EXERCISES
No full textUVOD: Istezanje je sustav vježbanja u kojem se na aktivan ili pasivan način izvode pokreti ili zadržavaju određeni položaji tijela s ciljem trenutnog produljenja određenih mišića ili skupine mišića. Istezanjem mišića povećava se njihova fleksibilnost i elastičnost, povećava se prokrvljenost, uspostavlja bolja živčana inervacija, a time i koordinacija pokreta. Vježbama istezanja poveća se amplituda pokreta u zglobu, sprječava mogućnost ozljeđivanja mišića i zglobova te poboljšava ukupna motorička učinkovitost.
RASPRAVA: Istezanje je bitan dio rekreativnog treninga, profesionalnog treninga i medicinskih vježbi. Brojni zdravstveni problemi mogu se poboljšati vježbama istezanja stoga trebaju biti uključene u program svih medicinskih vježbi. Važno je da se provode uz kontrolu educiranog fizioterapeuta kako bi se izbjegli svi potencijalni rizici koje vježbe istezanja mogu uzrokovati.
ZAKLJUČAK: Vježbama istezanja postiže se fleksibilnost mišića koja pridonosi većem opsegu pokreta zglobova što omogućava lakše obavljanje svakodnevnih i radnih aktivnosti. Pravilnim i redovitim provođenjem istezanja preveniraju se padovi i ublažavaju bolna stanja kralježnice i zglobova i poboljšava kvaliteta života.INTRODUCTION: Stretching is a system of exercise in which movements are performed in an active or passive way or certain body positions are maintained with the aim of instantly lengthening certain muscles or groups of muscles. Stretching the muscles increases their flexibility and elasticity, increases blood circulation, establishes better nerve innervation, and thus coordination of movements. Stretching exercises increase the amplitude of movement in the joint, prevent the possibility of injury to muscles and joints and improve overall motor efficiency.
DISCUSSION: Stretching is an essential part of recreational training, professional training and medical exercises. Numerous health problems can be improved by stretching exercises therefore they should be included in the program of all medical exercises. It is important that they are performed under the supervision of an educated physiotherapist to avoid any potential risks that stretching exercises may cause.
CONCLUSION: Stretching exercises achieve muscle flexibility that contributes to a greater range of motion of the joints, which makes it easier to perform daily and work activities. Proper and regular stretching prevents falls and alleviates painful conditions of the spine and joints and improves the quality of life
Magnetic resonance quality control
No full textMagnetska rezonanca (MR) ima važnu ulogu u dijagnozi bolesti i liječenju pacijenta. Kontrola kvalitete (QC) jako je važna komponenta radiološke prakse. Dobro provedena kontrola kvalitete omogućuje prepoznavanje problema te poduzimanje ispravnih radnji za rješavanje istih, uz minimalni prekid rada.
Osiguranje kvalitete kliničkih MR skenera obvezno je za dobivanje optimalnih slika u bolničkim ustanovama. Računalni slikovni sustavi poput kompjutorizirane tomografije (CT) i magnetske rezonance (MR), imaju posebno osmišljenje testove kontrole kvalitete. U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, Američki koledž za radiologiju (ACR) razvio je namjenske fantome i postupke kvalitete kontrole (QC) za različite modalitete snimanja. Većinu rutinskih testova poput dnevnih ili tjednih provodi radiološki
tehnolog, dok polugodišnje i godišnje testove provodi medicinski fizičar ili servisni inženjer. Svakodnevne provjere kontrole kvalitete uključuju vizualni pregled cjelokupnog hardvera skenera, funkcije sigurnosnih i komunikacijskih uređaja te opću ocjenu kvalitete slike. Jednom tjedno u skener se postavlja poseban MR fantom te se bilježe i druga mjerenja kao što su geometrijska točnost, prostorna rezolucija visokog kontrasta, preciznost debljine sloja, preciznost položaja sloja, ujednačenost intenziteta
slike, utvrđivanje postotka signala te otkrivanje objekta s malim kontrastom.Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) plays an important role in the diagnosis of the disease and the treatment of the patient. Quality control (QC) is a very important component of radiological practice. Well performed quality control enables the identification of problems and taking the right actions to solve them, with minimal outage. Quality assurance of clinical MR scanners is necessarily to obtain optimal images in hospital facilities. Computational imaging systems such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) have specially designed quality control tests. In the United States, the American College of Radiology (ACR) has developed dedicated phantoms and quality control (QC) procedures for various
imaging modalities. Most routine tests such as daily or weekly tests are performed by a radiology technologist, while semiannual and annual tests are performed by a medical physicist or service engineer.
Daily quality control checks include a visual inspection of the entire scanner hardware, the functions of security and communication devices, and a general assessment of the image quality. Once a week, a special MR phantom is placed in the scanner and other measurements are recorded such as geometric accuracy, high contrast spatial resolution, layer thickness accuracy, layer position accuracy, image intensity uniformity, signal percentage determination and low contrast object detection
ENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS BREASTFEEDING AND FERTILITY IN SPLIT-DALMATIA COUNTY
No full textCilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati generacijske razlike u stavovima o dojenju i fertilitetu na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije između rodilja i njihovih majki te povezanosti među stavovima.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno u Domu zdravlja Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, a uključivalo je rodilje i njihove majke pod patronažnom skrbi u periodu od travnja do lipnja 2021. godine čija su djeca na porodu pripadala prvoj skupini novorođenčadi mjerenoj testom Apgar. Ispitivanje se provodilo anonimnim upitnikom sastavljenim od dva dijela. U prvom dijelu upitnika ispitali su se stavovi o fertilitetu, a u drugom dijelu stavovi o dojenju.
Rezultati: U provedenom istraživanju najveći dio rodilja smatra kako je optimalan broj djece dvoje, njih 48%, dok njihove majke smatraju da je optimalan broj djece troje, 43% anketiranih. Čak 43% rodilja navelo je kako je uzrok manjeg broja djece u odnosu na prethodne generacije ekonomska kriza. Većina rodilja, njih 62,75%, navela je otežane radne uvjete uz dijete, što je očito pod utjecajem (ne)stabilnosti primanja. Njihove su majke pak kao glavni razlog za život bez djeteta navele probleme vezane uz trudnoću, porod i skrb o djetetu, njih 62,75%. Sam stav o dojenju približno je generacijski jednak i za rodilje i za njihove majke. Kao glavne prednosti dojenja istaknuti su povezanost majke i djeteta, idealna hrana za dijete te to što je dojenje ekonomski pogodnije od prehrane zamjenskim mlijekom. U provedenom istraživanju utvrđeno je kako rodilje s pozitivnim stavom prema dojenju percipiraju veći optimalan broj djece za obitelji u Hrvatskoj.
Zaključci: Fertilitet je uvjetovan društveno-ekonomski čimbenicima. Očekivati je, prema dobivenim rezultatima, kako bi i eventualna promjena društveno-ekonomske klime pridonijela želji za većim brojem djece. Ispitane rodilje i njihove majke upoznate su s pozitivnim aspektima i dobrobiti dojenja. Ipak, iz istraživanja je vidljivo kako suvremeni način života kojim žive rodilje utječe prije svega na odluku o dojenju, ali i na duljinu dojenja.Aim of the research: Main aim of the research was to examine generational differences in attitudes towards breastfeeding and fertility in Split-Dalmatia County between postpartum women and their mothers, and the correlations between the attitudes.
Examinees and methods: Research was conducted in Public health centre of Split-Dalmatia County. It involved postpartum women who were under community care from April to June 2021, and their mothers. Babies born in this period were the first group of newborns who were measured by Apgar Test. Research was conducted by an anonymous questionnaire which had two parts: the questions of the first part of the questionnaire were related to the attitudes towards fertility, while the questions of the second part of the questionnaire were related to the attitudes towards breast-feeding.
Results: The research has shown that 48% of postpartum women believe that the optimal number of children to have is two. However, their mothers (43% of them) believe the optimal number of children for a single family would be three. Furthermore, 43% of postpartum women claim that the smaller number of children women have today (in comparison to the older generations) is caused by the economic crisis. Most postpartum women (62.75% of them) see the main cause in bad working conditions for new mothers. Most of their mothers (62.75% of them), however, believe that the main reasons why women decide to stay childless are related to possible issues that might occur during pregnancy, childbirth and first couple of months after the birth. There are almost no differences between the two groups regarding the attitude towards breastfeeding – both postpartum women and their mothers say main advantages are a bond that is created between a mother and a child; they also claim that mother's milk is an ideal food for a newborn, and that breatfeeding is economically most suitable for new mothers. The conducted research has shown that postpartum women who have positive attitude towards breastfeeding believe the optimal number of children in a family in Croatia should be higher than two.
Conclusions: Fertility is conditioned by social and economical factors. According to the obtained results, one can expect that the eventual positive change of social and political climate would result in stronger desire of women to have higher number of children. Postpartum women and their mothers who were part of this research are familiar with positive aspects of breastfeeding. However, the research has shown that the contemporary way of life has a strong influence on postpartum women's decisions regarding breastfeeding
ATTITUDES OF NURSING STUDENTS' IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA TOWARDS SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK
No full textCILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove studenata sestrinstva o
znanstveno-istraživačkom radu u Republici Hrvatskoj.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno putem on-line upitnika koji se sastoji od tri dijela. Prvi dio se odnosi na opće
podatke o ispitanicima. Drugi dio upitnika se odnosi na stavove ispitanika s tri čimbenika stava, kako slijedi:
istraživačka aktivnost, uključenost fakulteta u istraživanja i sadržaj kojeg fakultet nudi za provođenje istraživanja.
Treći dio se odnosi na ispitanikovu procjenu o mogućim preprekama u znanstveno-istraživačkom radu.
REZULTATI: Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da ispitanici koji studiraju na diplomskoj razini
iskazuju pozitivniji stav prema znanstveno-istraživačkom radu u odnosu na ispitanike koji studiraju na
preddiplomskoj razini (P=0.015). Ispitanici koji studiraju na diplomskoj razini iskazuju pozitivniji stav i za
čimbenik koji se odnosi na uključenost fakulteta u istraživanje u odnosu na ostale ispitanike (P<0.001). Ispitanici
koji su slušali/pohađali predmet sa sadržajem znanstveno-istraživačkog rada iskazali su pozitivniji stav vezan uz
istraživačke aktivnosti (t=2.6; P=0.008) i uključenost fakulteta u istraživanja (t=6.6; P<0.001) u odnosu na one
ispitanike koji nisu prethodno slušali/polagali takav predmet.
ZAKLJUČAK: S obzirom na dobivene rezultate zaključujemo da bi studenti tijekom obrazovanja na
preddiplomskoj razini trebali biti izloženi znanstvenim istraživanjima kako bi stekli iskustvo, a samim time i
potrebne vještine za provođenje znanastveno-istraživačkog rada.AIM: The main aim of this study was to determine the factors related to nursing students’ attitudes towards
scientific research work in Croatia.
METHODS: This research was guided through an on-line questionnaire which includes three parts. The first part
refers to general data of the participants. The second part of questionnaire refers to the attitudes of participants
including three attitude factors, as stated: research activity, faculty involvement in research and the content that
the faculty offers for conducting research. The third part refers to the participant’s evaluation of possible obstacles
on scientific research.
RESULTS: The results of the research show that participants who study at the graduate level show a more positive
attitude towards scientific research work compared to undergraduate level students(P=0.015). Participants who
study at the graduate level evidenced a more positive attitude for the factor related to the involvement of faculties
in research compared to other respondents(P<0.001). Participants who listened to/attended a course with the
content of scientific research work evidenced a more positive attitude towards research activities (t=2.6; P=0.008)
and the involvement of faculties in research (t=6.6; P<0.001) compared to those who didn’t previously listen /
passed such a course.
CONCLUSION: Considering the obtained results, we conclude that students during their undergraduate
education should be exposed to scientific research in order to gain experience, and thus the necessary skills to
performing scientific research
Education of nurses for work in the Intensive care unit
No full textJedinice intenzivnog liječenja nastale su i razvile se zbog potrebe zbrinjavanja životno ugroženih, teško bolesnih i ozbiljno ozlijeđenih pacijenata koji zahtjevaju održavanje životnih funkcija medikamentoznim liječenjem i primjenom raznih uređaja te kontinuirani nadzor nad vitalnim funkcijama organizma.
U njima rade visokoobrazovani liječnici, medicinske sestre i respiracijski terapeuti specijalizirani za liječenje i njegu životno ugroženih pacijenata. JIL se razlikuje od općih bolničkih odjela po većem omjeru osoblja i pacijenata i pristupu naprednim medicinskim resursima i opremi koji rutinski nisu dostupni drugdje.
Medicinske sestre koje rade u JIL-u primarno su odgovorne za primjenu svojih sestrinskih specijalnosti za očuvanje zdravlja i života pacijenata u što spadaju davanje lijekova, njega rana, hranjenje, kupanje, dotjerivanje, osiguranje udobnosti, no zadatci su im i praćenje vitalnih znakova i stalno procjenjivanje stanja pacijenta, klinički i uporabom urađaja za monitoring vitalnih funkcija, osiguranje funkcioniranja sondi za hranjenje i raznih katetera, hranilica, i raznih drugih uređaja, asistiranje liječnicima u pružanju fizikalnih pregleda i provođenju tretmana, dokumentiranje posebnih postupaka i primjenjenih lijekova za svakog pacijenta ponaosob.
Sve to zahtijeva dobro medicinsko znanje, osobito poznavanje patofiziologije, te visoku razinu stručnosti u radu sa sofisticiranim monitoringom i tehnologijom. Također zahtijeva cjeloživotno učenje jer su napredak u tehnologiji i promjene u medicinskoj i sestrinskoj praksi najizraženiji u intenzivnoj medicini i radu u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja.
Cilj rada je prikazati ustroj Jedinice intenzivnog liječenja, objasniti načine provođenja medicinsko-tehničkih postupaka te prikazati važnost i sadržaj edukacije medicinskih sestara za rad u Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja.Intensive care units were created and developed due to the need to care for life-threatening, seriously ill and seriously injured patients who require maintenance of vital functions through medication and the use of various devices and continuous monitoring of vital functions.
They employ highly educated physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists specializing in the treatment and care of life-threatening patients. The ICU differs from general hospital wards by a higher staff-to-patient ratio and access to advanced medical resources and equipment that are not routinely available elsewhere.
Nurses working in the ICU are primarily responsible for the application of their nursing specialties to preserve the health and lives of patients, which include medication, wound care, feeding, bathing, grooming, providing comfort, but their tasks are also monitoring vital signs and constantly assessing the patient's condition, clinically and using devices to monitor vital functions, ensuring the functioning of feeding probes and various catheters, feeders, and various other devices, assisting physicians in providing physical examinations and treatment, documenting special procedures and medications for each patient.
All this requires good medical knowledge, especially knowledge of pathophysiology, and a high level of expertise in working with sophisticated monitoring and technology. It also requires lifelong learning because advances in technology and changes in medical and nursing practice are most pronounced in intensive care medicine and work in intensive care units.
The aim of this paper is to present the structure of the ICU, explain the ways of conducting medical-technical procedures and show the importance and content of education of nurses to work in the ICU
Frequency of cytologically diagnosed thyroid papillary carcinoma in 2019.
No full textCILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su određivanje udjela papilarnih karcinoma u
ukupnom broj punktata štitne žlijezde u 2019 godini, određivanje raspodjele po dobi,spolu, veličini i
zastupljenosti pojedinom režnju štitne žlijezde. MATERIJALI I METODE: U istraživanje je uključeno 3186
uzoraka čvorova u štitnoj žlijezdi punktiranih na Zavodu za nuklearnu medicinu KBC Split, od 1.siječnja 2019.
do 31.prosinca 2019.godine.Podaci o rezultatima citološke analize punktata dobiveni su uvidom u medicinsku
dokumentaciju(računalna baza podataka KBC Split). REZULTATI: Od 3186 punktata njih 57 (1,79%) je sa
citološkom dijagnozom papilarnog karcinoma. Papilarni karcinom je bio učestaliji u žena (80.7%),a najučestaliji
je u dobi između 40-49 godina.50,9% papilarnih karcinoma bilo je manje od 1cm,a najčešće je bio zastupljen u
desnom režnju štitne žlijezde 35,1%.Nije utvrđena povezanost veličine tumora i dobi pacijenta te zastupljenosti u
pojedinom režnju. ZAKLJUČAK: Papilarni karcinom je posljednih godina zbog zamjetnog porasta
novooboljelih u žarištu kliničkog interesa svih medicinskih struka koje se bave bolestima štitnjače. Citološka
punkcija i uzorkovanje ne zahtjeva sofisticiranu asparaturu, lako se izvodi, ma veliku osjetljivost i specifičnost i
zbog toga je metoda izbora u dijagnostici ne samo papilarnog već i drugih tumora štitne žlijezde kao i u procjeni
metastatske bolesti.OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH: The objectives of this study are to determine the share of
papillary carcinomas in the total number of thyroid FNA samples in 2019, to determine the distribution by age,
sex, size and representation in each lobe of the thyroid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study
included 3186 samples punctured at the Department of Nuclear Medicine KBC Split, from January 1, 2019 to
December 31, 2019. The results of cytological analysis of punctures were obtained by inspecting the medical
documentation (computer database KBC Split). RESULTS: Out of 3186 punctures, 57 (1.79%) had a cytological
diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. Papillary carcinoma was more common in women (80.7%), and the most
common was in the age group of 40-49 years. 50.9% of papillary carcinomas were is less than 1 cm, and was
most often present in the right lobe of the thyroid gland 35.1%. No correlation was found between tumor size
and age of the patient and the prevalence in each lobe. CONCLUSION: Papillary carcinoma in recent years is
due to the marked increase of new cases in the focus of clinical interest of all medical professions dealing with
thyroid disease .Cytological puncture and sampling does not require sophisticated equipment, it is easy to
perform, has great sensitivity and specificity and therefore the method of choice in the diagnosis of not only
papillary but also other thyroid tumors and in the assessment of metastatic disease
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS TREATED FROM CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE AT THE INSTITUTE OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE OF SPLIT-DALMATIA COUNTY IN THE PERIOD FROM 01.01.2017. TO 31.12.2019.
No full textCilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi koji spol bolesnika češće obolijeva od cerebrovaskularnog inzulta prema evidenciji Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Utvrditi koja dobna skupina bolesnika češće obolijeva od cerebrovaskularnog inzulta prema evidenciji Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, zatim utvrditi učestalost pojave cerebrovaskularnog inzulta i analizirati učestalost navedenih parametara kroz vremensko razdoblje od 1.1.2017 do 31.12.2019. godine.
Metode: Za potrebe izrade empirijskog dijela ovog rada pristupljeno je bazama podataka Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, te su prikupljeni podatci o intervencijama u uzastopne 3 godine (2017.,2018. i 2019.) za ispostave u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. U radu prezentira struktura prema obilježjima godina promatranja, spola pacijenata, tima (T1 ili T2), te prijevoznog sredstva. Za potrebe istraživanja pristupljeno je bazi od 2.716 obavljenih intervencija, od čega su zabilježeni podatci o trajanju prijevoza kod 2.355 intervencija prijevozom sredstvima javne hitne pomoći.
Rezultati: Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da je najveća zastupljenost intervencija u uzorku za 2017. godinu, dok je najmanja zastupljenost intervencija u uzorku za 2019. godinu. Prema spolu pacijenata koji su prevoženi u intervencija veća je zastupljenost pacijentica odnosu na zastupljenost pacijenata. Najveći broj intervencija u siječnju, dok je najmanji broj intervencija u listopadu i studenom. Srednja životna dob među pacijentima u intervencijama je 79 godina. Prema trajanju prijevoza najveći broj intervencija ima trajanje do 60 minuta. Učestalije je sudjelovanje tima T1 u intervenciji u odnosu na tim T2. Najčešće korišteno transportno sredstvo za prijevoz pacijenata do hitnog prijema KBC-a Split je vozilo. Trajanje do predaje na hitni prijem KBC Split je najdulje kod prijevoza uz posredstvo trajekta gdje je prosječno trajanje putovanja 127,65 minuta. Najkraće vrijeme putovanja do prijema KBC Split je utvrđeno na području grada Splita, a najdulje vrijeme trajanja intervencije na području Gornjeg Humca. Najdulje trajanje intervencija je u srpnju dok je najkraće trajanje u ožujku.
Zaključci: Prosječno trajanje prijevoza 60 minuta prilikom intervencije pri čemu je najkraće vrijeme na području Splita. Moždani udar je glavni uzrok smrti i invaliditeta te zahtjeva hitnu medicinsku pomoć uz brzu procjenu kako bi se postavila dijagnoza, identificirao temeljni uzrok, osiguralo akutno liječenje i spriječile komplikacije.Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine which sex of patients is more likely to suffer from cerebrovascular insult according to the records of the Institute of Emergency Medicine of the Split-Dalmatia County. To determine which age group of patients suffers from cerebrovascular stroke more often according to the records of the Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, then determine the frequency of cerebrovascular stroke and analyze the frequency of these parameters over the period from 1.1.2017 to 31.12.2019. years.
Methods: For the purposes of preparing the empirical part of this paper, the databases of the Institute of Emergency Medicine of the Split-Dalmatia County were accessed, and data on interventions in consecutive 3 years (2017, 2018 and 2019) for branches in the Split-Dalmatia County were collected. The paper presents the structure according to the characteristics of the years of observation, the sex of the patients, the team (T1 or T2), and the means of transport. For the purposes of the research, a database of 2,716 performed interventions was accessed, of which data on the duration of transport were recorded in 2,355 interventions by means of public ambulance transport.
Results: The results of the research show that the highest representation of interventions in the sample for 2017, while the lowest representation of interventions in the sample for 2019. According to the sex of patients transported to the intervention, the representation of female patients is higher than the representation of patients. The highest number of interventions is in January, while the lowest number of interventions is in October and November. The median age among patients in interventions was 79 years. According to the duration of transport, most interventions last up to 60 minutes. The participation of the T1 team in the intervention is more frequent compared to the T2 team. The most commonly used means of transport for the transport of patients to the emergency room of KBC Split is a vehicle. The duration until delivery to the emergency room of KBC Split is the longest for ferry transport, where the average duration of the trip is 127.65 minutes. The shortest travel time to the reception of KBC Split was determined in the area of the city of Split, and the longest duration of the intervention in the area of Gornji Humac. The longest duration of interventions is in July while the shortest duration is in March.
Conclusions: The average duration of transport is 60 minutes during the intervention, with the shortest time in the area of Split. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability and requires urgent medical attention with rapid assessment to diagnose, identify the underlying cause, ensure acute treatment, and prevent complications