University Department of Health Studies Repository
Not a member yet
1537 research outputs found
Sort by
QUALITY CONTROL OF RADIOGRAFIC DEVICES
No full textU ovome radu ponajprije ću se baviti postupcima propisanim Zakonom i pravilnicima,
te mišljenjima struke vezanim za provjeru kvalitete radiografskih uređaja. Svrha rada je
pokazati da je posebno reguliranim postupcima osigurana kvaliteta radiografskih uređaja putem
postupka provjere kvalitete. Osiguranje kvalitete, a samim time i provjera kvalitete kao
sastavnog dijela osiguranja kvalitete radiografskih uređaja nužna je zbog unaprjeđenja kliničkih
rezultata, održavanja standarda usluge, smanjenje ozračenja i na kraju udovoljavanja
pozitivnim propisima.
Razni parametri poput uređaja i opreme, dopuštenih odstupanja, izvora zračenja ili
rokova koji se ispituju prilikom provjere kvalitete izvora ionizirajućeg zračenja propisani su
raznim zakonskim i podzakonskim regulativama. Nositelj odobrenja provjere kvalitete koji je
dužan reagirati u slučaju da se utvrdi ne udovoljavanje propisanim zahtjevima kvalitete ujedno
i vodi brigu o poštivanju spomenutih regulativa.
Kako bi se proces provođenja provjere kvalitete odradio u skladu sa zakonskim
propisima i pravilima struke, klinički bolnički centri i ostale institucije propisuju pravilnike
kojima su jasno naznačene odgovorne osobe, vremenski okviri provjera, parametri i dopuštenja
odstupanja. Upravo je teorijski i praktični izgled navedenoga ono o čemu će biti govora u
nastavku rada.In this Masters thesis I will primarily deal with the procedures prescribes by law and
regulations and the opinions of the profession related to quality control of radiographic devices.
The purpose of this theses is to show that specially regulated porcedures ensure the quality of
radiografic devices throught the quality control procedure. Quality assurance, over time, and
quality control as an integral part pf ensuring quality radiographic devices are necessary due to
improvements of clinical results, maintenance of service standards, reduction of radiation and
ultimately compliance with positive regulations.
The parameters that are tested as part of the quality control of ionizing radiation sources,
devices and equipment, the limits of permissible deviations and the test deadlines for certain
parameters are prescribed by the Ordinance on conditions and measures of protection against
ionizing radiation for performing activities with sources of ionizing radiation (Official Gazette
53/18).
The aforementioned is taken care of by the holder of the quality control approval, who
is also obliged to react in the event that non-compliance with the prescribed quality
requirements is determine
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of health care workers
No full textCiljevi: Provedeno istraživanje imalo je slijedeće ciljeve: ispitati učinak rizičnih i zaštitnih čimbenika na mentalno zdravlje zdravstvenih radnika za vrijeme prvog vala COVID-19 pandemije; ispitati razlike između liječnika, medicinskih sestara i nezdravstvenih radnika s obzirom na: (a) stupnjeve psihološkog distresa, (b) stupanj izraženosti simptoma PTSP-a i (c) psihološku otpornost na stresove za vrijeme prvog vala COVID-19 pandemije; utvrditi povezanost između psihološkog distresa, simptoma PTSP-a i psihološke otpornosti za vrijeme prvog vala COVID-19 pandemije na ukupnom uzorku.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno online primjenom samoprocjenskih upitnika tijekom ožujka i travnja 2020. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 1234 ispitanika od kojih 366 zdravstvenih radnika (165 liječnika i 201 medicinska sestra). Prosječna je dob ispitanika 39 godina. Mjerni instrumenti korišteni za dokazivanje hipoteza jesu sljedeći upitnici. 1. Upitnik psihološkog distresa CORE-OM, 2. PCL-5 upitnik posttraumatskog stresa, 3. Upitnik otpornosti na stres - DRS, 4. Upitnik općih podataka koji je pripremljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. U radu su korištene metode deskriptivne statistike kojima su prezentirane srednje vrijednosti, i to aritmetička sredina i medijan, te standardna devijacija i interkvartilni raspon kao pokazatelji odstupanja od srednje vrijednosti. Za odgovor na prvi istraživački cilj cjelokupni uzorak je podijeljen na tri poduzorka (liječnici, medicinske sestre i opća populacija) pri čemu su razlike u ispitivanim varijablama ispitivane ANOVA testom. Naknadno su analizirane razlike između poduzoraka korištenjem LSD post hoc testova. Korelacije prvog reda među svim varijablama utvrđene su korištenjem Personovog koeficijenta korelacije. Statistički značajne su se smatrale sve p vrijednosti manje od 0.05.
Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da su, za vrijeme prvog vala COVID-19 pandemije, liječnici pokazivali manje psihičkih problema, višu razinu funkcioniranja i manje simptoma posttraumatskog stresa u odnosu na nezdravstvene radnike i medicinske sestre. Medicinske sestre su imale manje psihičkih problema od nezdravstvenih radnika. Liječnici i medicinske sestre su imali više predanosti i bili spremniji na izazove koje za njih predstavlja pandemija u odnosu na nezdravstvene radnike.
Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata ovog istraživanja može se zaključiti da veća psihološka otpornost (veća predanost, spremnost prema prihvaćanju izazova i više razine funkcionalnosti) predstavljaju zaštitne čimbenike i doprinose manjoj pojavnosti psihičkih simptoma, uključujući i simptome posttraumatskog stresa za vrijeme pandemije. S druge strane, izraženost psihičkih simptoma (poput anksioznosti i depresije) predstavlja rizične čimbenike za pojavu rizičnih ponašanja i PTSP-a.Objectives: The conducted research had the following objectives: to examine the effect of risk and protective factors on the mental health of health workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic; examine the differences between physicians, nurses and non-health professionals with respect to: (a) degrees of psychological distress, (b) severity of PTSD symptoms, and (c) psychological resilience to stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic; determine the association between psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and psychological resilience during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall sample.
Methods: The survey was conducted online using self-assessment questionnaires during March and April 2020. The study involved 1234 respondents, of whom 366 health professionals (165 doctors and 201 nurses). The average age of the respondents is 39 years. The measurement instruments used to prove the hypotheses are the following questionnaires. 1. CORE-OM Psychological Distress Questionnaire, 2. PCL-5 Post-Traumatic Stress Questionnaire, 3. Stress Resistance Questionnaire - DRS, 4. General Data Questionnaire prepared for the purposes of this research. The paper uses methods of descriptive statistics that present mean values, namely arithmetic mean and median, and standard deviation and interquartile range as indicators of deviation from the mean. To answer the first research goal, the entire sample was divided into three subsamples (physicians, nurses, and the general population) with differences in the examined variables examined by the ANOVA test. Differences between subsamples using LSD post hoc tests were subsequently analyzed. First-order correlations among all variables were determined using the Person's correlation coefficient. All p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of this study showed that, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians showed fewer mental health problems, higher levels of functioning, and fewer symptoms of posttraumatic stress compared to nonhealth workers and nurses. Nurses had fewer psychological problems than non-health workers. Doctors and nurses were more committed and more prepared for the challenges posed by the pandemic to non-health workers.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that greater psychological resilience (greater commitment, willingness to accept challenges and higher levels of functionality) are protective factors and contribute to lower incidence of psychological symptoms, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress during a pandemic. On the other hand, the severity of psychological symptoms (such as anxiety and depression) is a risk factor for the occurrence of risky behaviors and PTSD
Comparison of digital image receptor types in orofacial area radiography
No full textSAŽETAK UVOD: dentalnoj radiografiji, kao i u medicinskoj radiologiji općenito, sve više se upotrebljavaju digitalni detektori kao medij za prijam i pretvaranje analogne slike u digitalnu. Ovi uređaji daju dijagnostičke snimke koje su značajno kvalitetnije od onih koje su rađene na receptorima starijih tehnologija kao što su film ili fosforne pločice. Od modernih digitalnih detektora najčešće su u upotrebi CCD (eng. Charge-Coupled Device) i CMOS (eng. Complementary Metal-Oxyde Semiconductor). Kako između ova dva detektora postoji razlika u tehnologiji izrade, tako se u zadnjih 20 godina provode istraživanja s ciljem usporedbe CCD i CMOS-a u kvaliteti snimke i drugim osobinama, a kako bi se rangirala njihova prikladnost za razne svrhe snimanja.
CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je donijeti zaključak postoji li razlika u kvaliteti dijagnostičke snimke načinjene jednim ili drugim detektorom i postoje li razlike u drugim svojstvima detektora koje bi mogle utjecati na odluku o upotrebi jednog od njih. Početna hipoteza je bila kako kvalitativna razlika ne postoji ili nije značajna. METODA: Metoda rada je bio sustavni pregled stručne literature koja opisuje tehničko-tehnološke osobine digitalnih detektora i stručnih članaka koji ispituju i uspoređuju CMOS i CCD. Pretragom i selekcijom članaka iz bio-medicinskih baza podataka, odabrano je 14 stručnih članaka u kojima su uspoređeni detektori i gdje su kvantificirano predstavljeni dobiveni rezultati. Ekstrahirani podaci su prikazani pojednostavljeno u 8 osobina detektora koje su istraživane i 9 osobina koje nisu mjerene, a koje su autori spomenuli kao osobni dojam ili opažanje. REZULTATI: Rezultati mjerenja nisu pokazali značajnu razliku u kvaliteti snimke, no zapisana opažanja i dojmovi istraživača o drugim osobinama detktora su na strani CMOS-a. ZAKLJUČAK: Zaključak je kako su CMOS i CCD jednako ili usporedivo dobri u kvaliteti snimke, i da bi razlika u „sporednim“ osobinama jednog i drugog detektora mogle doprinijeti preporuci ili odluci o upotrebi jednog od njih. Ove osobine, a osobito ekonomika, bi mogle biti tema budućih istraživanja.SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION: In dental radiography, as well as in medical radiology in general, digital detectors are increasingly used as a medium for receiving and converting analog images into digital ones. These devices provide diagnostic images that are significantly better than those made on the receptors of older technologies such as film or phosphor plates. The most commonly used modern digital detectors are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxyde Semiconductor). As there is a difference in production technology between these two detectors, research has been conducted over the last 20 years to compare CCD and CMOS in image quality and other properties, in order to rank their suitability for various imaging purposes.
AIM: The aim of this study was to conclude whether there is a difference in the quality of the diagnostic image made by one or another detector and whether there are differences in other properties of the detector that could influence the decision to use one of them. The initial hypothesis was that the qualitative difference did not exist or was not significant.
METHOD: The paper is a systematic review of professional literature describing the technical and technological properties of digital detectors and scientific journal articles that examine and compare CMOS and CCD. By searching and selecting articles from bio-medical databases, 14 professional articles were selected in which detectors were compared and where the obtained results were quantified. Extracted data were presented in a simplified way in 8 detector properties that were researched and 9 properties that were not measured, which the authors mentioned as personal impression or observation.
RESULTS: The results of the measurements did not show a significant difference in the quality of the image, but the recorded observations and impressions of the researchers about other detector properties are on the side of CMOS.
CONCLUSION: Conclusion is that CMOS and CCD are equally or comparatively good in image quality, and that differences in the "secondary" properties of both detectors could contribute to the recommendation or decision to use one of them. These characteristics, and especially economics, could be the subject of future research.
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MAMMOGRAPHY
No full textStrojno učenje je okosnica umjetne inteligencije i bazira se na aspektu učenja. Ključan korak koji predstavlja prijelaz iz strojnog u duboko učenje je reprezentacijsko učenje. Duboko učenje je metoda reprezentativnog učenja sa više razina reprezentacije, ono kroz više razina transformacije od sirovih podataka stvara apstrakcije koje imaju ulogu da te podatke pretvore u jednostavniji oblik. Duboko učenje se realizira na umjetnim neuronskim mrežama, odnosno setovima algoritama koje imitiraju mehanizam biološkog neurona. Konvolucijske neuralne mreže se najčešće koriste u radiologiji, a imaju mrežnu strukturu kao i slike i služe za prilagodljivo učenje prostornih značajki i prepoznavanje uzoraka. Rak dojke predstavlja najčešći zloćudni tumor u ženskoj populaciji. Mamografija je metoda probira u detekciji karcinoma dojke.
Cilj ovoga rada jest sustavnim pregledom literature prikazati princip rada kompjuterski asistirane dijagnostike u mamografiji i prikazati njene performanse.
Unutar radnih stanica mamografskog uređaja može se integrirati sustav za kompjuterski asistiranu dijagnostiku koja pomaže radiolozima u postavljanju dijagnoza s visokim stupnjem učinkovitosti. Mamografija se analizira u više koraka, prvi korak je pred-obrada slike, slijedi segmentacija, ekstrakcija značajki i završava s njihovom klasifikacijom na benigni ili maligni entitet. Implementacijom dubokog učenja u računalno asistiranoj dijagnostici omogućena je visoko osjetljiva, visoko specifična i dijagnostički pouzdana klasifikacija mikrokalcifikata dojke i procjena gustoće dojke. Različitim istraživanjima dokazano je i da inkorporacija algoritma dubokog učenja u interpretaciji mamografija rezultirala približnim i/ili boljim performansama u odnosu na radiologa koji samostalno interpretira nalaze. Ova istraživanja predstavljaju rane dokaze koji potvrđuju sposobnost tehnologije umjetne inteligencije da se integrira unutar kliničkih sustava.Machine learning is the backbone of artificial intelligence and it is based on the learning aspect. A key step in the transition from machine to deep learning is representation learning. Deep learning is a method of representation learning with multiple levels of representation that transforms raw data through multiple levels and creates abstractions that transform data into a simpler form. Deep learning is based on artificial neural networks or set of algorithms that mimic the mechanism of a biological neuron. Convolutional neural networks are most commonly used in radiology and they have a network structure like images and serve for adaptive learning of spatial features and pattern recognition. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population. Mammography is a screening method that is used for the detection of breast cancer. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature to show the basic principle of computer-aided diagnosis in mammography and to show it's performance. A system of computer-aided diagnosis can be integrated within the workstations of the mammography device to help radiologists in diagnostic interpretation with high efficiency. Mammography is analyzed in several steps, the first step is image pre-processing, followed by segmentation, extraction of features and it ends with their classification into benign or malignant entity. The implementation of deep learning in computer-aided diagnosis enables highly sensitive, highly specific and diagnostically reliable classification of breast microcalcifications and assessment of breast density. Various studies have also shown that the incorporation of a deep learning algorithm in the interpretation of mammography has resulted in approximate and/or better performance compared to the radiologist who independently interprets the findings. Those studies present early evidence that confirms the ability of artificial intelligence for integration within clinical systems
Attitudes of nurses/ technicians about their needs for psychological assistance in the intensive care unit of KBC Split
No full textCILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Istražiti i analizirati stavove medicinskih sestara/tehničara i njihovu potreba za psihološkom pomoći u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split.
MATERIJALI I METODE: Prospektno istraživanje provedeno u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja djece (JILD) i jedinici intenzivnog liječenja odraslih (JIL) u vremenskom razdoblju od prosinca 2020. do veljače 2021. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 80 medicinskih sestara/tehničara koji su ispunili anonimni Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES – R) upitnik..
REZULTATI: Od ukupno 80 zaposlenika, 26 medicinskih sestara/tehničara radi u JILD-a, a 54 u JIL-a. Omjer medicinskih sestara i tehničara je 63 prema 17. U ispitanom uzorku najzastupljeniji su medicinske sestre/tehničari u dobi 19-30 godina, radnim iskustvom 1-10 godina, u braku. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je ukupna razina IES-a za 1,55 bodova viša kod medicinskih sestara iz JIL-a u odnosu na razinu utvrđenu kod sestara iz JILD-a, što znači da je psihološka pomoć potrebnija medicinskim sestrama iz JIL-a. Isto tako, rezultati su pokazali kako je psihološka pomoć potrebnija medicinskim sestrama/tehničarima koji su u braku u odnosu na neudate. Pretjerano uzbuđenje kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara u JILD-u se najviše očituje nervozom i naglim uzrujavanjem (prosječna razina 2,08), dok se kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara u JIL-a očituje.
ZAKLJUČCI: Psihološka pomoć je potrebnija medicinskim sestrama/tehničarima zaposlenima u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja odraslih. Stres uzrokuje ljutnju, nervozu, razdražljivost i nemogućnost kontrole ponašanja kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara iz obje jedinice intenzivnog liječenja. Medicinske sestre/tehničari često ponovo proživljavaju doživljenu stresnu situaciju. Izbjegavanje je česta metoda suočavanja sa stresom medicinskih sestara/tehničara na način da ne pokušavaju misliti o stresnom događaju.AIM: Investigate and analyze the attitudes of nurses / technicians and their need for psychological help in the intensive care units of the Clinical Hospital Center Split.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective research conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the adult intensive care unit (ICU) in the period from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 80 nurses / technicians completed an anonymous Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES - R) questionnaire.
RESULTS: Out of a total of 80 employees, 26 nurses / technicians are from PICU and 54 from ICU. The ratio of nurses and technicians is 63 to 17. In the examined sample, the most represented are nurses / technicians aged 19-30, with work experience of 1-10 years, married. The results of the research showed that the total level of IES is 1.55 points higher in ICU nurses compared to the level determined in ICU nurses, which means that psychological help is needed by ICU nurses. Also, the results showed that psychological help is needed by nurses / technicians who are in a braille compared to singles. Excessive arousal in nurses / technicians in JILD is most manifested by nervousness and sudden upset (average level 2.08), while in nurses / technicians in JIL it is manifested by irritability and anger (average level 2.52).
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological help is needed more by nurses / technicians employed in the adult intensive care unit. Stress causes anger, nervousness, irritability, and inability to control behavior in nurses / technicians from both intensive care units. Nurses / technicians often relive an experienced stressful situation. Avoidance is a common method of coping with the stress of nurses / technicians in a way that they do not try to think about the stressful event
Diagnosis of infections caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis
No full textCilj rada: Svrha istraživanja je bila odrediti učestalost infekcija uzrokovanih M. hominis i U. urealyticum u KBC-u Split od 1.1.2020 do 31.12.2020 te odrediti osjetljivost navedenih izolata na antibiotike u istom periodu.
Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo podatke o pacijentima s dokazanom M. hominis ili U. urealyticum u navedenom razdoblju. Podatci su prikupljeni u Kliničkom zavodu za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju, Kliničkog bolničkog centra (KBC) Split. Kao dijagnostička metoda koristio se komercijalni kultivacijski set MYCOFAST RevolutioN, podijeljen u dvije faze testa. Probirna faza ispituje prisutnost (pozitivni rezultat) ili odsutnost (negativni rezultat) mikoplazmi i ureaplazmi u uzorku. Druga faza se provodi na uzorcima kojima je dokazana mikoplazma ili ureaplazma u probirnom testu, a njena svrha je identifikacija i kvantifikacija izolirane bakterije te ispitivanje njene osjetljivosti na antibiotike. Princip obje faze testa je sličan, jažice setova ispunjene su tekućim medijem koji sadrži hranjive tvari potrebne za rast obje bakterije, specifične antibiotike kojima je moguće identificirati ili odrediti osjetljivost bakterija te indikator koji vizualizira porast bakterija u jažici.
Rezultati: Klinički zavod za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju u Splitu zaprimio je 638 uzoraka suspektnih na infekciju ureaplazmom i mikoplazmom. Od toga je 590 uzoraka bilo negativno, a u 7% (45 uzoraka) je dokazana U. urealyticum te 0,5% (3 uzorka) M. hominis. Ureaplazme najčešće izazivaju infekcije genitalnog sustava i to u žena u generativnoj dobi. Većina testiranih izolata bila je osjetljiva na doksicikin (94,4 %), eritromicin (82,9 %), moksifloksacin (80,5 %), levofloksacin (77,8 %) i tigeciklin (76 %), a rezistentna na klindamicin (95,8 %).
Zbog malog broja dokazanih mikoplazmi, uzorak je nereprezentativan i nije rađena statistička analiza.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the incidence of infections caused by M. hominis and U. urealyticum at the University Hospital of Split from 1.1.2020 to 31.12.2020 and to determine the susceptibility of these isolates to antibiotics in the same period.
Materials and methods: The study was carried out on data on patients with isolated M. hominis or U. urealyticum during this period. The data were collected from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Split (UHS). As a diagnostic method, the commercial cultivation set MYCOFAST RevolutioN was used, divided into two phases of the test. The screening phase examines the presence (positive result) or absence (negative result) of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in the sample. The second phase is carried out on samples that have been proven mycoplasma or ureaplasma in the screening test, and its purpose is to identify and quantify the isolated bacterium and to examine its susceptibility to antibiotics. The principle of both phases of the test is similar, the wells of the sets are filled with a liquid medium containing the nutrients necessary for the growth of both bacteria, specific antibiotics with which it is possible to identify or determine the sensitivity of bacteria, and an indicator that visualizes the increase of bacteria in the well.
Results: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology UHS received 638 samples suspected of infection with ureaplasma and mycoplasma. Of these, 590 samples were negative, and in 7% (45 samples) U. urealyticum and 0.5% (3 samples) M. hominis were proven. Ureaplasma was predominantly isolated from the genital system in women of generative age. The majority of tested strains were susceptible to doxycycline (94,4 %), erythromycin (82,9 %), moxifloxacin (80,5 %), levofloxacin (77,8 %) and tigecycline (76 %); and resistant to clindamycin (95,8 %).
However, the sample size for mycoplasma was too small for statistical analysis
Correction Techniques and Methods of Motion Artifacts in MRI
No full textMicanje tijekom MR pregleda utječe na degradaciju slike u obliku „ghosting-a“ ili zamućenja i jedan je od posljednjih glavnih neriješenih problema. Pokreti pacijenta mogu biti različitog opsega, smjerova i orijentacija otežavajući pronalazak rješenja od ranih dana razvoja MR-a.
Danas postoje tri glavne strategije borbe sa artefaktom pomicanja: prevencija micanja, redukcija micanja i korekcija micanja. Uslijed nedostatka mogućnosti i iscrpljenih ideja, najviše se radi na razvoju korekcije micanja pomoću MR navigatora ili prospektivnih i retrospektivnih metoda.
Od budućih tehnika najveću perspektivu imaju SMS (Simultaneous Multi-Slice) sekvence i komprimirano opažanje (CS) zbog otpornosti na micanje i kraćeg vremena snimanja u usporedbi sa konvencionalnim sekvencama.
Generalnog rješenja za artefakt micanja trenutno nema, već se problemu pristupa prema specifičnom slučaju birajući metodu s najmanje nedostataka, a uzimajući u obzir i vrstu pokreta kao i sekvencu odabira. Potrebno je provesti više istraživanja u kliničkim uvjetima s obzirom na kompleksnost i raznovrsnost problema uz uključivanje multidisciplinarnog tima.Motion during the MR examination affects the degradation of the image in the form of "ghosting" or blurring and is one of the last major unresolved issues. The patient's movements can be of different scope, directions and orientation, making it difficult to find a solution from the early days of MR development.
Today, there are three main strategies for combating motion artifact: motion prevention, motion reduction and motion correction. Due to the lack of possibilities and exhausted ideas, most work is being done on the development of motion correction using MR navigators or prospective and retrospective methods.
Of the future techniques, the most promising are SMS (Simultaneous Multi-Slice) sequences and compressed sensing (CS) due to the resistance to movement and shorter recording time compared to conventional sequences.
There is currently no general solution for the artifact of motion, but the problem is approached according to a specific case by choosing the method with the least shortcomings, and taking into account the type of movement and the sequence of selection. More research is needed in clinical settings given the complexity and diversity of the problem with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team
Sexuality in pregnancy
No full textOvim istraživanjem se htjelo saznati stajalište ispitanica vezano uz seksualnost u trudnoći u RH, utjecaj sociodemografskih varijabli na osjećaj zadovoljstva spolnim životom i razlika seksualnim životom prije i u tijeku trudnoće.This research wanted to find out the position of respondents regarding sexuality in pregnancy in the Republic of Croatia, the impact of sociodemographic variables on feelings of satisfaction with sexual life and differences in sexual life before and during pregnancy
The role of continuous measurement devices in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus
No full textŠećerna bolest jedan je od vodećih problema zdravstva u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu. U radu je prikazana problematika šećerne bolesti s posebnim osvrtom na aktivnosti medicinske sestre u zbrinjavanju bolesnika sa šećernom bolesti. Prikazana je etiologija i epidemiologija šećerne bolesti, akutne i kronične komplikacije te liječenje šećerne bolesti. Detaljno su opisani uređaji koji mjereći razinu glukoze u krvi pomažu u samokontroli i liječenju šećerne bolesti te poboljšavaju kvalitetu života bolesnika. U posljednjem dijelu prikazan je uređaj za kontinuirano mjerenje glukoze FreeStyle Libre te su istaknute njegove karakteristike i prednosti u skrbi osoba sa šećernom bolesti. Šećerna bolest kao najčešća metabolička bolest u svijetu sa rastućim porastom broja oboljelih, u budućnosti će donositi i nove terapijske izazove koje će zahtijevati dodatnu edukaciju medicinskih sestara kako bi mogle što uspješnije doprinositi skrbi oboljelih od šećerne bolesti.Diabetes is one of the leading health problems in Croatia and in the world. The work
presents the problem of diabetes with a special focus on the activities of nurses in caring for patients with diabetes. Etiology and epidemiology of diabetes, acute and chronic complications and treatment of diabetes are presented. Devices are described in detail, which, by measuring the level of glucose in the blood, help in self-control and treatment of diabetes and improve the quality of life of the patient. In the last part, the device for continuous glucose measurement FreeStyle Libre is presented and its characteristics and advantages in the care of people with diabetes are highlighted. Diabetes as the most common metabolic disease in the world with a growing number of patients, in the future will also bring new therapeutic challenges that will require additional education of nurses so that they can contribute as successfully as possible to the care of diabetes patient
HASHIMOTO AND HLA SYSTEM (FAMILY STUDY)
No full textCilj rada: Istražiti učestalost alela HLA sustava i haplotipskih veza kod pacijenata s pozitivnom i negativnom obiteljskom anamnezom Hashimotovog tireoiditisa kao i psorijaze.
Materijali i metode: Serološkom metodom mikrolimfocitotoksičnosti i molekularnom metodom PCR-SSO ispitano je devet članova obitelji ispitanice s majčine i očeve strane.
Rezultati: Utvrđeno je da alel HLA-B*35, koji je odgovoran za Hashimotov tireoiditis, se prenosi s očeve strane i naslijedilo ga je troje od četvero djece. S majčine strane uočeni su aleli HLA-B*13, -B*17, -DRB1*07 koji su u uskoj korelaciji sa psorijazom.
Zaključak: Sustav HLA ima veliku povezanost s genetski naslijednim bolestima, između ostalih
i s Hashimotovim tireoiditisom i Psoariasis vulgaris. Utvrđena je prisutnost gena odgovornih za te dvije bolesti unutar obitelji. Ovaj rad pokazuje kako obiteljske studije imaju povoljne karakteristike za otkrivanje gena jer predstavljaju homogeniji i ograničeniji skup uzročnih gena i putova.Objective: To investigate the frequency of HLA system alleles and haplotype connections in patients with positive and negative family history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as psoriasis.
Materials and methods: Nine family members from mother’s and father’s side of the test subject were tested using the serological method of microlymphocytotoxicity and the molecular method PCR-SSO.
Results: The HLA-B*35 allele, which is responsible for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, was found to be passed on from the father's side and inherited by three out of the four children. HLA-B*13, -B*17, -DRB1*07 alleles were observed on the mother's side, which are closely correlated with psoriasis.
Conclusion: The HLA system is highly associated with genetically inherited diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Psoriasis vulgaris. The presence of the genes responsible for these two diseases within the family was established. This paper shows that family studies have favorable characteristics for gene discovery because they represent a more homogeneous and limited set of causative genes and pathways