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Application of artificial intelligence in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee
No full textUvod: Tehnološki napredak potaknuo je sve veće korištenje radioloških snimanja, a povećanjem njihovog broja dolazi do povećanog radnog opterećenja radiologa. Stoga se pokretačem primjene AI u radiologiji smatra upravo smanjenje radnog opterećenja radiologa i potreba za sve većom preciznošću i učinkovitošću.
Cilj rada: Cilj ovog rada je približiti čitatelju samu AI i njenu primjenu u radiologiji, a posebno kod modaliteta MRI te na koji način algoritmi dubokog učenja pospješuju rekonstrukciju slike te dovode do bržih i preciznijih rezultata.
Rasprava: Brojna su istraživanja potvrdila značaj implementacije strojnog učenja, podskupa umjetne inteligencija, u radiološki sustav. U ovom preglednom radu izdvojena su brojna istraživanja primjene dubokog učenja kod magnetne rezonancije, a naglasak je na modelima za automatsku segmentaciju. Automatska segmentacija pokazala je izvrsne rezultate kod ranog otkrivanja osteoartritisa, zatim kod puknuća prednjeg križnog ligamenta i meniskusa, najčešćih ozljeda koljena, a također se u novije vrijeme model dubokog učenja istaknuo i kod automatske procjene koštane dobi. Automatskom segmentacijom postigla se, prije svega visoka točnost i preciznost, objektivnost i iznimna ušteda vremena.
Zaključak: Dosadašnja istraživanja već su istaknula značajnu prednost primjene strojnog učenja u radiologiji te iznimnu kompatibilnost u radu radiologa i strojnog učenja, čime se postižu precizne i brze dijagnoze. Sve je to veliki poticaj za daljnja istraživanja, a tehnološki napredak zasigurno će ubrzati njegovu integraciju u kliničku praksu.Introduction: Technological progress has encouraged the increasing use of radiological imaging, and the increase in their number leads to an increased workload for radiologists. Therefore, the driver of the application of artificial intelligence in radiology is considered to be precisely the reduction of the workload of radiologists and the need for ever greater precision and efficiency.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to bring the reader closer to artificial intelligence itself and its application in radiology, especially in magnetic resonance modalities, and how deep learning algorithms accelerate image reconstruction and lead to faster and more accurate results.
Discussion: Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of implementing machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, in the radiology system. In this review paper, numerous researches on the application of deep learning in magnetic resonance imaging are highlighted, and the emphasis is on models for automatic segmentation. Automatic segmentation has shown excellent results in the early detection of osteoarthritis, then in anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus tears, the most common knee injuries, and also more recently, the deep learning model has excelled in automatic bone age estimation. Automatic segmentation achieved, above all, high accuracy and precision, objectivity and exceptional time saving.
Conclusion: Previous research has already highlighted the significant advantage of using machine learning in radiology and the exceptional compatibility between the work of radiologists and machine learning, which achieves precise and quick diagnoses. All this is a great incentive for further research, and technological progress will certainly speed up its integration into clinical practice
Nursing activities in the application of enteral nutrition in patient after gastric cancer surgery
No full textŽeludac kao organ probavnog sustava ima zadaću prihvata, pripreme i obrade hrane za daljnju probavu. Njegove osnovne funkcije najčešće su narušene kad nastupi bolest. Jedan od najčeščih karcinoma u svijetu s visokim mortalitetom je karcinom želuca. To je multifaktorska bolest koja nastaje kao posljedica složene intereakcije između čimbenika domaćina, čimbenika okoliša i infekcije H. pylori. Epidemiološke studije pokazale su razlike s obzirom na anatomsku lokalizaciju tumora kao i histološki tip karcinoma. Karcinom želuca češće je smješten u antrumu i donjoj trećini korpusa želuca, a rjeđe u gornje dvije trećine, posebno u kardiji. Češći je na maloj krivini nego na velikoj. Početni simptomi su nespecifični i uglavnom se javljaju u kasnijem stadiju bolesti. Incidencija jako varira i raste s dobi bolesnika. Dijagnoza se najčešće postavlja endoskopijom sa sustavnim biopsijama sumnjivih lezija. Danas je dostupno nekoliko metoda liječenja: resekcija, kemoterapija, radioterapija ili kombinacija navedenih metoda, a odabir ovisi o veličini, smještaju i proširenosti tumora, odnosno o stadiju bolesti i o općem stanju bolesnika. Kirurška metoda liječenja može biti kurativna ili palijativna. Prognoze za ishod bolesti su jako loše. Protokoli poboljšanog oporavka nakon operacije (ERAS) multidisciplinarni su sustav skrbi bolesnika koja se temelji na dokazima i koji je pokazao izuzetnu učinkovitost u smanjenju kirurških komplikacija, skraćivanju duljine bolničkog boravka, smanjenje fizičke i psihičke traume za bolesnika, a sve u svrhu da brzo postignu funkcionalni oporavak. Zdravstvena njega bolesnika je usmjerena na prije, peri i poslijeoperacijsku skrb. Uloga sestre izuzetno je bitna kod prehrane bolesnika jer je enteralna prehrana prvi izbor bilo putem komercijalnih pripravaka na usta ili putem hranilice na nazojejunalnu sondu. Primarni čimbenik koji otežava postoperativno enteralno hranjenje je intolerancija na hranu. Bolesnici nakon gastrektomije izloženi su riziku od pothranjenosti, a loš nutritivni status negativno utječe na kliničke ishode bolesnika te je bitna uloga sestre i u edukaciji o prehrani.As an organ of the digestive system, the stomach has the task of accepting, preparing and processing food for further digestion. Its basic functions are most often impaired when a disease occurs. One of the most common cancers in the world with high mortality is stomach cancer. It is a multifactorial disease resulting from a complex interaction between host factors, environmental factors and H. pylori infection. Epidemiological studies have shown differences with regard to the anatomical localization of the tumor as well as the histological type of cancer. Gastric cancer is more often located in the antrum and the lower third of the body of the stomach, and less often in the upper two thirds, especially in the cardia. It is more common on a small curve than on a large one. The initial symptoms are non-specific and mostly appear in the later stages of the disease. The incidence varies greatly and increases with the age of the patient. The diagnosis is most often established by endoscopy with systematic biopsies of suspicious lesions. Today, several treatment methods are available: resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of the aforementioned methods, and the choice depends on the size, location and extension of the tumor, that is, on the stage of the disease and on the general condition of the patient. The surgical method of treatment can be curative or palliative. The prognosis for the outcome of the disease is very poor. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are a multidisciplinary, evidence-based patient care system that has demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in reducing surgical complications, shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing physical and psychological trauma for patients, all with the goal of quickly achieving functional recovery. recovery. Patient health care is focused on pre-, peri- and post-operative care. The nurse's role is extremely important in patient nutrition, because enteral nutrition is the first choice, either through commercial oral preparations or through a nasojejunal feeding tube. The primary factor complicating postoperative enteral feeding is food intolerance. Patients after gastrectomy are exposed to the risk of malnutrition, and poor nutritional status negatively affects the clinical outcomes of patients, and the nurse's role in nutrition education is also important.
Newborn with cleft lip and palate - aspects of midwifery care
No full textCilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti koliko je djece rođeno s rascjepom usne i/ili nepca u petogodišnjem razdoblju od 2018. do 2022. godine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Rezultati su obuhvaćali porođajnu težinu, porođajnu dužinu, spol djeteta, dob majke, redoslijed trudnoće, Apgar score u 1. i 5. minuti, tip rascjepa, opsežnost rascjepa te dodatne anomalije. Sedamnaestero djece liječeno je na Zavodu za neonatologiju Klinike za ženske bolesti i porode, KBC Split. Koristila se medicinska dokumentacija djece s rascjepima iz arhive Klinike za ženske bolesti i porode Split. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da je od 21 273 djece koja su rođena od 2018. do 2022. godine u Splitu, 0,07% rođeno s rascjepom usne i/ili nepca. Učestalost rascjepa usne i/ili nepca je bila veća kod muške novorođenčadi, nego kod ženske. Najčešća pridružena anomalija kod rascjepa bila je otvoreni foramen ovale, dok se kao najrjeđa anomalija izdvojila atrezija anusa s perianalnom fistulom. Od ostalih anomalija kod djece s rascjepima izdvajaju se Pierre Robin sindrom i atrijalni septalni defekt.The aim of this study was to investigate the number of children born with cleft lip and/or palate in a five-year period
from 2018 to 2022 in Split-Dalmatia County. The results included birth weight, birth length, sex of the child, age of
the mother, order of pregnancy, Apgar score at the 1
st and 5th minute, type of cleft, extent of cleft and additional
anomalies. Seventeen children were treated at the Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University Hospital Split. The medical documentation of children with clefts was used from the archives of the Clinic
for Gynecology and Obstetrics Split. The results of the research indicate that of the 21 273 children who were born
from 2018 to 2022 in Split, 0.07% were born with a cleft lip and/or palate. The frequency of cleft lip and/or palate was
higher in male newborns than in female. The most common associated anomaly was patent foramen ovale, while the
rarest anomaly was anal atresia with a perianal fistula. Other anomalies in children with clefts included Pierre Robin
syndrome and atrial septal defect
Nutritional habits of students of medical laboratory diagnostics and staff in diagnostic laboratories
No full textCilj rada bio je istražiti i usporediti nutritivne i životne navike studenata medicinsko laboratorijske dijagnostike Sveučilišta u Splitu i djelatnika dijagnostičkih laboratorija KBC Split.
Metode istraživanja: U ovom radu anketiranjem su prikupljeni podaci od 68 ispitanika, i to 34 studenta i 34 djelatnika laboratorija.
Rezultati rada: Usporedbom prehrane i životnih navika ispitanika uočeno je kako studenti više konzumiraju pečenu hranu (29,41% vs 14,71%), prerađeno (47,06% vs 20,59%) i crveno meso (17,65% vs 5,88%), dok djelatnici nešto češće konzumiraju voće i povrće (29,41% vs 17,65%), orašaste plodove (47,06% vs 29,41%), kavu i duhan. Obje skupine ribu konzumiraju rijeko, a gotovo 20% studenata i zaposlenika laboratorija ribu konzumira jednom tjedno ili nikada. Jednak broj djelatnika i studenata (61%) vježba nekoliko puta tjedno ili nikada.
Provedenim analizama utvrđeno je kako se ispitanici iz obiju istraživanih skupina uglavnom pridržavaju obrazaca zdrave mediteranske prehrane (52% studenata i 74% zaposlenika laboratorija). Dobiveni podaci u skladu su s rezultatima drugih studija, provedenim na ispitanicima iz Hrvatske, Europe i Latinske Amerike.The aim of the work was to investigate and compare the nutritional and lifestyle habits of students of medical laboratory diagnostics at the University of Split and employees of diagnostic laboratories of KBC Split.
Methods: This survey collected data from 68 respondents, namely 34 students and 34 laboratory employees.
Results of the work: By comparing the diet and lifestyle habits of the respondents, it was observed that students consume more baked food (29.41% vs 14.71%), processed meat (47.06% vs 20.59%) and red meat (17.65% vs 5.88%), while employees somewhat more often consume fruits and vegetables (29.41% vs 17.65%), nuts (47.06% vs 29.41%), coffee and tobacco. Both groups consume fish rarely, and almost 20% of students and laboratory employees consume fish once a week or never. An equal number of employees and students (61%) exercise several times a week or never.
The conducted analyzes determined that respondents from both investigated groups mostly adhere to the patterns of a healthy Mediterranean diet (52% of students and 74% of laboratory employees). The obtained data are in accordance with the results of other studies, conducted on subjects from Croatia, Europe and Latin America
The role of nurses in the treatment of a hemodialyzed patient
No full textSažetak: Hemodijaliza je postupak nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije u završnom stadiju kronične bubrežne bolesti. Za provođenje hemodijalize, potrebno je pripremiti krvožilni pristup koji će zadovoljiti odgovarajući protok krvi kroz dijalizator koji je najvažnija sastavnica hemodijalize. Fizikalnim procesima ultrafiltracije, difuzije i konvekcije obavlja se proces pročišćavanja krvi kroz polupropusnu membranu. Cilj ovog rada je objasniti ulogu medicinske sestre/tehničara u postupku provođenja hemodijalize, nadgledanja postupka, pripremu bolesnika, prepoznavanje i rješavanje akutnih komplikacija tijekom postupka hemodijalize. Također, radom želimo ukazati na važnost medicinske sestre u edukaciji bolesnika o načinu života, prehrani i njezi krvožilnog sustava. S obzirom na kompleksnost hemodijalize kao postupka, utvrđuje se važnost dodatne edukacije medicinskih sestara/tehničara kako bi mogle skrbiti o bolesniku, znati prepoznati znakove i simptome akutnih komplikacija, tegobe bolesnika kod privikavanja na nov način života. Uloga medicinske sestre/tehničara, je od značajne važnosti, jer uspostavom kvalitetne suradnje s bolesnikom omogućava se poboljšanje kvalitete i produženje života.Summary: Hemodialysis is a procedure of replacing renal function in the final stage of chronic kidney disease. To carry out hemodialysis, it is necessary to prepare a circulatory approach that will meet the appropriate blood flow through a dialyzer, which is the most important component of hemodialysis. The physical processes of ultrafiltration, diffusion and convection carry out the process of purifying the blood through a semi-permeable membrane. The aim of this paper is to explain the role of nurses in the process of conducting hemodialysis, monitoring the procedure, preparing patients, identifying and solving acute complications during the hemodialysis procedure. Also, we want to point out the importance of nurses in educating patients about lifestyle, nutrition and care of the circulatory system. Considering the complexity of hemodialysis as a procedure, the importance of additional education of nurses / technicians is determined in order to be able to take care of the patient, know how to recognize the signs and symptoms of acute complications, problems of patients in getting used to a new way of life. The role of a nurse /technician is of significant importance because the establishment of quality cooperation with the patient extends his life and enables better life quality
Health care of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease
No full textRasprava: Alzheimerova bolest napada stanice okolnih struktura i moždane kore, a karakteriziraju je zaboravljivost te izgubljenost u vremenu i prostoru. Najčešći simptomi bolesti su poteškoće govora, pisanja i čitanja, poremećaji pamćenja te poteškoće u aktivnostima kroz dan, promjene ponašanja i/ili promjene osobnosti. Kako je bolest progresivna i neizlječiva, bolesnici nisu u mogućnosti samostalnog življenja te više ili manje ovise o pomoći i njezi druge osobe, bilo člana obitelji ili zdravstvenih djelatnika. Alzheimerova bolest manifestira se kroz tri faze, a skrb za bolesnika započinje već u prvoj fazi. Bolesnici koji žive s ovom bolešću napreduju različitim brzinama, od blage Alzheimerove bolesti, kada prvi put primijete simptome, do teške, kada su potpuno ovisni o drugima u svakodnevnoj, rutinskoj njezi kao što je hranjenje. Zaključak: Zadaće medicinskih sestara/tehničara jesu edukacija i savjetovanje bolesnika i obitelji, zatim postavljanje plana zdravstvene njege, određivanje ciljeva, provođenje sestrinskih intervencija te zdravstvene njege prilagođene bolesniku i njegovom stanju. U procesu rada, medicinske sestre i tehničari osim pomoći koju pružaju bolesniku oboljelom od Alzheimerove bolesti, veliki oslonac su i obitelji koja se nerijetko ne zna nositi s bolešću člana obitelji.Discussion: Alzheimer's disease attacks cells of surrounding structures and cerebral cortex and is characterized by forgetfulness and lostness in time and space. The most common symptoms of the disease are difficulty speaking, writing and reading, memory disorders and difficulties in activities throughout the day, behavioral changes and / or personality changes. As the disease is progressive and incurable, patients are not able to live independently and more or less depend on the help and care of another person, whether a family member or health professional. Alzheimer's disease manifests itself through three stages, and care for the patient begins already in the first stage. Conclusion: The tasks of nurses / technicians are to educate and counsel patients and families, then set a health care plan, set goals, conduct nursing interventions and health care adapted to the patient and his condition. In the process of work, nurses and technicians, in addition to the help they provide to a patient with Alzheimer's disease, are a great support for the family that often does not know how to cope with the disease of a family member
Ultrasound evaluation of carotid and vertebral arteries in the assessment of atherosclerotic plaques
No full textUltrazvučni prikaz aterosklerotskih plakova karotidnih i vertebralnih žila se smatra vodećom radiološkom metodom zbog svoje praktičnosti, neinvazivnosti i ekonomske isplativosti. Omogućava detaljnu analizu morfoloških karakteristika i hemodinamike krvnih
žila. Standardni postupak pregleda ultrazvukom počinje vizualizacijom stijenke arterije u Bmodu, nakon čega se color dopplerom procjenjuju funkcionalni parametri. Ultrazvuk omogućava analizu vulnerabilnosti plaka, što uključuje procjenu ulceracija, krvarenja unutar plaka, neovaskularizaciju, postojanje tanke fibrozne kape i središnje lipidne komponente.
Navedene karakteristike plaka su povezane s učestalim rupturama i mikroembolizacijama što za posljedicu ima nastanak cerebrovaskularne bolesti. Cilj ovog rada je usporediti vrijednost i učinkovitosti ultrazvuka u odnosu na ostale radiološke metode u procjeni aterosklerotskih promjena krvnih žila vrata, a time i ukazati na važnost ultrazvuka u prevenciji moždanog udara.Ultrasound imaging of atherosclerotic plaques of carotid and vertebral vessels is considered as a leading radiological method because of its practicality, non-invasiveness, and economic profitability. It enables a detailed analysis of morphological characteristics and hemodynamics of blood vessels. The standard ultrasound examination procedure begins with visualization of the artery wall in B-mode, after which functional parameters are checked with color doppler. Ultrasound enables the analysis of plaque vulnerability, including the assessment of ulceration, bleeding within the plaque, neovascularization, the presence of a thin fibrous cap, and the central lipid component. The aforementioned characteristics of the plaque are associated with frequent ruptures and microembolizations, which result in the development of cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this paper is to compare the value and effectiveness of ultrasound with other radiological methods in the assessment of atherosclerotic changes in the blood vessels of the neck, and thus to point out the importance of ultrasound in the prevention of stroke
NEEDS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE FOR THE SERVICES OF GERONTOLOGICAL CENTERS OF NON-INSTITUTIONAL CARE IN RELATION TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL ABILITY
No full textUvod: U diplomskom radu istraživane su samoprocijenjene potrebe starijih osoba za uslugama gerontoloških centara izvaninstitucijske skrbi u odnosu na njihovu funkcionalnu sposobnost. Istraživanje je provedeno u studenom 2021. godine u decentraliziranom Domu za starije i nemoćne osobe Split u okviru institucijskog projekta pod naslovom: „Samoprocijenjena potreba starijih osoba za uslugama gerontoloških centara (izvaninstitucijske skrbi) u Splitu“ (SOZS-IP-2020-5).
Metode i ispitanici:Funkcionalna samostalnost starijih osoba je procijenjena pomoću Indeksa po Barthelovoj modificiranog prema Shah S., Vanclay F. i Cooper B. (MBI) u ispitivanju telefonskom anketom koje je uslijedilo nakon obavještavanja o istraživanju i pozivu za sudjelovanjem te njihovu dobrovoljnom pristanku uz osiguranu anonimnost. Korišteni su i upitnici o sociodemografskim obilježjima i samoprocjeni starijih osoba o potrebi i odabiru ponuđenih usluga izvaninstitucijske skrbi. U uzorak je konsekutivno uključena svaka druga osoba (u dobi od 65 i više godina) sa službene liste čekanja doma za starije osobe, kojoj se ponudilo učešće u istraživanju u vremenu trajanja ispitivanja u studenom 2021. godine.
Cilj:gerontološko – javnozdravstvenom analizom utvrditi postoje li i koje su potrebe starijih osoba za uslugama Gerontološkog centra dok čekaju smještaj u decentralizirani Dom za starije osobe u Splitu.
Rezultati i rasprava:Istraživanje je pokazalo da su ispitanicima (N=182) najpotrebnije „usluge pomoći u kući“ / prosječan broj bodova 2.22 (SD 1.01), potom „usluga dnevnog boravka“/ prosječan broj bodova 1.38 (SD 1.22) te „zdravstvene, socijalne i psihološke usluge“/ prosječan broj bodova 1.11 (SD 1.00). Pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna razlika (p= <0.001) u prioritetnim samoprocijenjenim potrebama ispitanika za ponuđenim uslugama Gerontološkog centra u odnosu na njihovu dobnu skupinu, osim u iskazanoj potrebi i odabiru prioriteta ispitanika za Programima zdravstvene, socijalne i psihološke usluge gerontološkog centra (p=0.156). Rezultati prezentiraju statistički značajnu razliku u prioritetnim samoprocijenjenim potrebama ispitanika za uslugama Gerontološkog centra s obzirom na kategoriju funkcionalne samostalnosti ispitanika (p= <0.001), kao i prema stupnju socijalnih usluga smještaja (1-3) u koju su raspodijeljeni (p= <0.001) dok se nije pokazala statistički značajna razlika u odnosu na spol ispitanika, kao niti za razdoblje čekanja ispitanika za smještaj u dom za starije osobe.
Zaključak: : Na temelju provedenog istraživanja zaključuje se da je procjena funkcionalne sposobnosti starijih osoba važan gerontološko-javnozdravstveni pokazatelj u planiranju izvaninstitucijske skrbi osoba starije životne dobi. Rezultati ovog istraživanje upućuju na nužan intersektorski i interdisciplinarni gerontološki pristup u zaštiti zdravlja starijih osoba te potrebu osnivanja gerontoloških centara izvaninstitucijske skrbi za starije osobe u gradu Splitu.Introduction: This paper investigated the self-assessed needs of the elderly for the services of gerontological centers of non-institutional care in relation to their functional ability. The research was conducted in November 2021 in decentralized Nursing home Split as part of an institutional project entitled: „Self-assessed need of the elderly for the gerontological centers' services (non-institutional care) in Split“ (SOZS-IP - 2020 - 5).
Methods and subjects: The functional independence of the elderly was assessed using the Barthel Index modified according to Shah, S., Vanclay, F. and Cooper, B. (MBI) in a telephone survey following the notification of the research and the invitation to participate and their voluntary consent guaranteed anonymity. Questionnaries on socio-demographic characteristics and self assessment of the elderly on the need and choice of offered non-institutional care services were also used. We consecutively enrolled every 2nd participant (aged 65 or older) from the official nursing home waiting list during the period of November 2021.
Objective: By gerontological-public health analysis to determine whether there are and what are the needs of the elderly for the gerontological center's services while waiting for accommodation in a decentralized nursing home in Split.
Results and discussion: The research showed that the respondents (N=182) most needed „home help services“/average number of points 2.22 (SD 1.01), then „living room service“/average number of points 1.38 (SD 1.22) and „ health, social and psychological services“/average number of points 1.11 (SD 1.00). Also, the researh showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p = <0.001) in the priority respondents' self-assessed needs for the services offered by the gerontology center in relation to their age group, except in the stated need and choice of priority respondents for the Programs of health, social and psychological services (p = 0.156). The results present a statistically significant difference in the priority respondents' self-assessed needs for the gerontology center's services regarding the category of respondents' functional independence (p = <0.001) and regarding the level of social accommodation services (1-3) in which they are distributed (p = < 0.001), but a statistically significant difference wasn't shown in relation to the respondents' sex, as well as regarding the respondents' waiting period for accommodation in a nursing home.
Conclusion: Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the assessment of the functional independence of the elderly is an important gerontological-public health indicator in the planning of non-institutional care for the elderly. The research's results refer to the necessary intersectoral and interdisciplinary gerontological approach in the health protection of the elderly and the need to establish gerontological centers of non-institutional care for the elderly in the city of Split
Sarcopenia risk frequency of patients suffering from schizofrenia in the acute phase and its remission phase
No full textSAŽETAK:
CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja ispitati je učestalost povećanog rizika za sarkopeniju kod pacijenta oboljelih od shizofrenije s obzirom na akutnu fazu i fazu remisije.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno u periodu od ožujka do svibnja 2023. godine na Klinici za psihijatriju. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 60 ispitanika, od čega ih je 30 bilo u akutnoj fazi shizofrenije, a 30 u fazi remisije. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od dva dijela. Jedan upitnik bio je SARC-F za procjenu rizika za razvoj sarkopenije, a drugi se sastojao od 11 pitanja vezanih za sociodemografske podatke te 3 pitanja vezana za antropometrijska mjerenja i vrstu antipsihotika koji su pacijentima propisani.
REZULTATI: U provedenom istraživanju potvrđena je hipoteza da ispitanici u akutnoj fazi bolesti imaju veći rizik za razvoj sarkopenije. Nije potvrđeno da pacijenti u akutnoj fazi shizofrenije koriste više tipične antipsihotike. Potvrđena je hipoteza da pacijenti u akutnoj fazi shizofrenije više konzumiraju duhan u odnosu na fazu remisije. Nije potvrđena hipoteza da pacijenti u akutnoj fazi više konzumiraju alkohol u odnosu na fazu remisije. Potvrđen je očekivan rezultat da će pacijenti u akutnoj fazi bolesti imati veći rizik za sarkopeniju.
ZAKLJUČAK: Dokazano je da veći rizik za sarkopeniju imaju ispitanici u akutnoj fazi shizofrenije. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja vezana za psihofarmakoterapiju i njezin doprinos razvoju sarkopenije budući da pacijenti u akutnoj fazi primaju veće doze antipsihotika u odnosu na pacijente oboljele od shizofrenije u fazi remisije.AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of increased risk for sarcopenia in patients with schizophrenia with regard to the acute phase and the remission phase.
METHODS: The research was conducted in the period from March to May 2023 at the Clinic for Psychiatry. A total of 60 respondents participated, of which 30 were in the acute phase of schizophrenia, and 30 in the remission phase. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. One questionnaire was the SARC-F for assessing the risk of developing sarcopenia, and the other consisted of 11 questions related to sociodemographic data and 3 questions related to anthropometric measurements and the type of antipsychotics prescribed to the patients.
RESULTS: In the conducted research, the hypothesis that subjects in the acute phase of the disease have a higher risk of developing sarcopenia was confirmed. It has not been confirmed that patients in the acute phase of schizophrenia use more typical antipsychotics. The hypothesis that patients in the acute phase of schizophrenia consume more tobacco compared to the phase of remission was also confirmed. The hypothesis that patients in the acute phase consume more alcohol compared to the remission phase was not confirmed. The expected result was that patients in the acute phase of the disease would have a higher risk for sarcopenia, which was ultimately proven.
CONCLUSION: It has been proven that subjects in the acute phase of schizophrenia have a higher risk for sarcopenia. However, further research is needed regarding psychopharmacotherapy and its contribution to the development of sarcopenia, because patients in the acute phase have higher doses of antipsychotics compared to patients with schizophrenia in the remission phase
Biological therapy in the treatment of asthma with a case report
No full textAstma je heterogena kronična upala dišnih putova, koja se manifestira kašljem, boli u prsima i
osjećajem nedostatka zraka. S obzirom na uzrok može se podijeliti na alergijsku i nealergiju astmu. Primarni
cilj liječenja je smanjivanje postojećih simptoma. Kako napreduje medicina tako su se i smjernice za liječenje
astme izmijenile, pa je u zadnje vrijeme jedan od načina (tip) liječenja i biološka terapija.
U radu je prikazan slučaj ženske osobe rođene 1960 godine, koja od alergijske astme boluje više od 30-tak
godina. Zbog pogoršanja stanja i slabog odgovora na svu dotadašnju terapiju, u terapiju je uvedena biološka
terapije, te se stanje bolesnice znatno popravlja.
Medicinska sestra aktivno brine o bolesnicima koji primaju biološku terapiju kroz Dnevnu bolnicu. Njena
zadaća (uloga) obuhvaća pripremu bolesnika za primjenu terapiju, samo davanje terapije po uputi liječnika te
vrši nadzor nad bolesnicima nakon primijenjene terapije.Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammation of the airways, which is manifested by cough,
chest pain and lack of air. Depending on the cause, it can be divided into allergic and non-allergic asthma. The
primary goal of treatment is to reduce existing symptoms. As medicine advances, the guidelines for asthma
treatment have also changed, so recently one type of treatment is biological therapy.
The paper presents the case of a woman born in 1960, who has suffered from allergic asthma for more than 30
years. Due to the deterioration of the condition, biological therapy was introduced into the therapy, and the
patient's condition is improving. The nurse actively cares for patients receiving biological therapy through the
day hospital. Her role includes preparing the patient for the application of therapy, only administering the
therapy as directed by the doctor, and supervising the patient after the therapy has been administered