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    The influence of social networks on the perception of body image among secondary school students of health care and nursing education in Split and Sinj

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    Uvod: Društvene mreže su najrašireniji oblik komunikacije među ljudima današnjice te društvene mreže utječu na stvaranje kako pozitivne tako i negativne slike o sebi. Cilj: Ispitati utjecaj društvenih mreža na percepciju vlastitog tijela u učenika srednjih zdravstvenih škola nastavnog programa za opću sestru medicinske njege opće njege-medicinskog tehničara opće njege u Splitu i Sinju. Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na 234 učenika svih pet razreda srednje zdravstvene škole nastavnog programa za medicinsku sestru opće njege u Splitu i tri razreda srednje zdravstvene škole nastavnog programa za medicinsku sestru opće njege u Sinju. Istraživanje se provodilo od 15.svibnja 2023. do 19.lipnja 2023. godine putem anonimnog upitnika koji se sastojao od sociodemografskog upitnika, AAI upitnika i upitnika o društvenim mrežama. Rezultati: Ispitanice su u istraživanju zastupljene sa 4,57 puta većim brojem u odnosu na ispitanike (p<0,001), dok je najčešća dob ispitanika 16 godina (28,21%). Broj ispitanika koji posjeduju kompjutor/laptop je 81,20%. Najčešće korištena mreža među ispitanicima je Instagram (55,13%), zatim TikTok (40,60%), dok je najmanje korištena društvena mreža Facebook (2,56%). Najveći broj ispitanika na društvenim mrežama ima između 101 i 200 pratitelja (36,96%). Broj ispitanika koji dnevno provedu između 3 i 5 sati na društvenim mrežama je 52,61%, a najveći broj društvene mreže koristi u svrhu dopisivanja s prijateljima (58,52%). Najveći broj ispitanika rijetko uspoređuje svoj izgled sa izgledom drugih na društvenim mrežama te ih je 5,22 puta veći broj u odnosu na zastupljenost ispitanika koji često uspoređuju svoj izgled sa izgledom drugih na društvenim mrežama (p<0,001). Kod 60,43% ispitanika korištenje društvenih mreža ponekad utječe na promjenu vlastitih dosadašnjih razmišljanja, dok kod 2 ispitanika uvijek utječe (0,87%). Među ispitanicima najveći broj nisu nikada doživjeli da ih netko vrijeđa ili negativno komentira (66,52) te 91, 30% ispitanika nije bitno koliko „lajkova“ imaju na svojoj društvenoj objavi. Zaključak: Hrvatska verzija AAI-upitnika ima zadovoljavajuće mjerne karakteristike za procjenu učestalosti kognitivnih procesa i bihevioralnih odgovora pri identifikaciji tjelesnog dismorfnog poremećaja kod tinejdžera. Utjecaj društvenih mreža je u negativnoj korelaciji s pozitivnom percepcijom vlastitog tijela. Prisutan je veći utjecaj društvenih mreža na percepciju vlastitog tijela u mlađih učenika od starijih učenika. Učenice ne iskazuju veći utjecaj društvenih mreža na percepciju vlastitog tijela od učenika. Gledanje profila i slika drugih ljudi u negativnoj je korelaciji s pozitivnom percepcijom vlastitog tijela. Objavljivanje sadržaja i slika o sebi nije u pozitivnoj korelaciji s brojem lajkova na objavama i pozitivnoj percepciji vlastitog tijela.Introduction: Social networks are the most widespread form of communication among people today, and social networks influence the creation of both positive and negative self-images. Aim: To examine the influence of social networks on the perception of one's own body in secondary health school students of the teaching program for general nurse general care-general care medical technician in Split and Sinj. Subject and methods: The research was conducted on 234 students of all five classes of the secondary health school of the general care nurse curriculum in Split and three classes of the secondary health school of the general care nurse curriculum in Sinj. The research was conducted from May 15, 2023 to June 19, 2023 through an anonymous questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, an AAI questionnaire and a questionnaire about social networks. Results: In the research, there are 4.57 times more female respondents than male respondents (p<0.001), while the most common age of respondents is 16 years old (28.21%). The number of respondents who own a computer/laptop is 81.20%. The most frequently used network among respondents is Instagram (55.13%), followed by TikTok (40.60%), while the least used social network is Facebook (2.56%). The largest number of respondents on social networks has between 101 and 200 followers (36.96%). The number of respondents who spend between 3 and 5 hours a day on social networks is 52.61% and the largest number use social networks to correspond with friends (58.52%). The largest number of respondents rarely compare their appearance with the appearance of others on social networks and their number is 5.22 times higher than the representation of respondents who often compare their appearance with the appearance of others on social networks (p<0.001). For 60.43% of respondents, the use of social networks sometimes affects the change of their own previous thinking, while for 2 respondents it always affects (0.87%). Among the respondents, the largest number have never experienced someone insulting them or making negative comments (66.52) and 91.30% of the respondents do not care how many "likes" they have on their social post. Conclusion: The Croatian version of the AAI-questionnaire has satisfactory measurement characteristics for assessing the frequency of cognitive processes and behavioral responses when identifying body dysmorphic disorder in teenagers. The influence of social networks is negatively correlated with a positive perception of one's own body. There is a greater influence of social networks on the perception of one's own body in younger students than in older students. Female students do not report a greater influence of social networks on the perception of their own body than male students. Viewing profiles and pictures of other people is negatively correlated with a positive perception of one's own body. Posting content and pictures about yourself is not positively correlated with the number of likes on posts and positive perception of your own body

    Nursing care for a patient with MIasthenia gravis during and after the plasmapheresis

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    Miastenija gravis je autoimuna bolest neuromuskularnog spoja koju karakteriziraju antitijela protiv postsinaptičkih nikotinskih acetilkolinskih receptora. Godišnja incidencija miastenije gravis je otprilike 30 novih slučajeva na milijun, a otprilike 15-20%. Riječ je o bolesti koja se suvremenim terapijskim linijama može učinkovito kontrolirati, čak i postići potpunu remisiju. Početak poremećaja može nastupiti odjednom, a simptomi se možda neće odmah prepoznati kao miastenija gravis. Plazmafereza je proces u kojem se tekući dio krvi, odnosno plazma, odvaja od krvnih stanica. Obično se plazma zamijeni drugom otopinom. Venski pristup za plazmaferezu je ili središnjim venskim kateterom ili perifernim kateterima velikog lumena. Plazmafereza nosi rizik od nuspojava, a one su obično rijetke i općenito blage. Uloga medicinske sestre je pružiti personaliziranu, humanističku i sveobuhvatnu njegu bolesnika na plazmaferezi. Medicinska sestra je odgovorna za izvođenje postupka s odgovarajućom opremom, omogućava edukaciju pacijenta o postupku, praćenje krvi i statusa pacijenta te komunikacija s ostalim zdravstvenim djelatnicima koji sudjeluju u postupku plazmafereze. Medicinska sestra je uključena u postupke prije, tijekom i nakon tretmana plazmaferezom. Glavne zadaće medicinske sestre su održavanje i poboljšanje standarda zdravstvene njege, učinkovito korištenje resursa i poboljšanje kvalitete života pojedinaca koji se podvrgavaju plazmaferezi i pružanja zdravstvenih usluga. Edukacija pacijenata ključna je komponenta svih uloga medicinskih sestara koja se mora pružiti pacijentima o osnovnim principima postupka izmjene plazme. Stalna edukacija pacijenata pomoći će im da prevladaju negativne aspekte svog liječenja, zrelo se nose sa svojom bolešću, aktivno sudjeluju u planu skrbi i promiču maksimalnu razinu rehabilitacije. Također, nakon postupka plazmafereze medicinska sestra treba provoditi postupke sa ciljem sprječavanja potencijalne infekcije kod bolesnika i svih drugih mogućih komplikacija poput vrtoglavice, mučnine, krvarenja i dehidracije. Medicinska sestra mora kontinuirano nadzirati bolesnika, njegove vitalne funkcije i sve pravovaljano dokumentirati i obavještavati nadležnog liječnika o promjenama.Myasthenia gravis is autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by antibodies against postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The annual incidence of myasthenia gravis is approximately 30 new cases per million, and approximately 15-20%. It is a disease that can be effectively controlled with modern therapeutic lines, even achieving complete remission. The onset of the disorder may occur suddenly, and the symptoms may not be immediately recognized as myasthenia gravis. Plasmapheresis is a process in which the liquid part of blood, i.e. plasma, is separated from blood cells. Usually, the plasma is replaced by another solution. Venous access for plasmapheresis is either through a central venous catheter or large-lumen peripheral catheters. Plasmapheresis carries a risk of side effects, which are usually rare and generally mild. The nurse's role is to provide personalized, humanistic and comprehensive care for patients undergoing plasmapheresis. The nurse is responsible for performing the procedure with the appropriate equipment, enables patient education about the procedure, blood monitoring and patient status, and communication with other health professionals participating in the plasmapheresis procedure. The nurse is involved in procedures before, during and after plasmapheresis treatment. The main tasks of the nurse are to maintain and improve the standard of health care, efficient use of resources and improvement of the quality of life of individuals undergoing plasmapheresis and the provision of health services. Patient education is a key component of all nursing roles that must be provided to patients about the basic principles of the plasma exchange procedure. Continuous education of patients will help them overcome the negative aspects of their treatment, deal with their illness maturely, actively participate in the care plan and promote the maximum level of rehabilitation. Also, after the plasmapheresis procedure, the nurse should carry out procedures aimed at preventing potential infection in the patient and all other possible complications such as dizziness, nausea, bleeding and dehydration. The nurse must continuously monitor the patient, his vital functions and properly document everything and inform the competent doctor about change

    Organ Donation And Religious Principles

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    Darivanje organa je etički ili pravni postupak kojim se osoba darivatelja slaže da medicinski postupak odstranjenja organa izvrši na njoj i presadi u tijelo druge osobe ili postupak odstranjenja organa preminule osobe koja se za života tome nije izričito protivila. Prema tome, postoje dva osnovna tipa darivatelja organa ili tkiva, a to su: živi darivatelj i kadaverični darivatelj. Svake godine presađivanjem organa su spašene stotine ljudskih života. Organi se samo jednom vade za transplantaciju nakon što su propali svi pokušaji da se spasi život. Većina religija podržava darivanje organa i tkiva kao djelo milosrđa i dobre volje. U raznim istraživanjima se pokazalo da vjerska zabrinutost ima značajnu ulogu kod darivanja organa, naime mnogi ljudi temelje svoje odluke na vjerskim vrijednostima i načelima kojih se drže. Zdravstveni djelatnici možda nemaju dovoljno znanja o religijskim načelima koja se odnose na darivanje organa ili bi možda željeli u potpunosti izbjeći ovo osjetljivo pitanje.Organ donation is an ethical or legal procedure by which the donor agrees to have the medical procedure of organ removal performed on him and transplanted into the body of another person or the procedure of organ removal of a deceased person who did not expressly object to it during his life time. There fore, there are two basic types of organ or tissue donors, namely: living donor and cadaveric donor. Every year, hundreds of human lives are saved by organ transplantation. Organs are only harvested once for transplantation afterall attempts to save a life have failed. Most religions support organ and tissue donation as an act of charity and goodwill. Various studies have shown that religious concerns play a significant role in organ donation, namely that many people base their decisions on the religious values and principles they adhere to. Health care professionals may lack sufficient knowledge of religious principles related to organ donation or may wish to avoid this sensitive issue al together

    Nursing care for children whit febrile convulsion

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    Febrilni napadaji, poznati kao febrilne konvulzije, napadaji su povezani s povećanom tjelesnom temperaturom, ali bez intrakranijalne infekcije. Temeljni mehanizam nije u potpunosti poznat, ali se smatra da uključuje genetiku, okolišne čimbenike, nezrelost mozga i upalne medijatore. Nagli porast i pad tjelesne temperature nije glavni mehanizam za pojavu febrilnih napadaja. Najčešće su uzrok virusne infekcije. Febrilni napadaji češći su kod dječaka nego kod djevojčica. Najčešće se javljaju kod djece u dobi između 6 mjeseci i 5 godina. Većina napadaja traje manje od pet minuta, a dijete se obično brzo oporavi. Postoje dvije vrste febrilnih napadaja: jednostavni i složeni. Jednostavni febrilni napadaji uključuju jednu epizodu generaliziranog napadaja koja traje manje od 15 minuta. Složeni febrilni napadaji imaju jedno ili više od sljedećeg: žarišne simptome kao što je trzanje samo jedne strane tijela, trajanje duže od 15 minuta ili dva ili više napadaja unutar 24 sata. Budući da se febrilni napadaji mogu pojaviti tijekom porasta ili pada tjelesne temperature, postoji opasnost da ih se zamijeni s afebrilnim napadajima. Febrilni status epilepticus može se pojaviti u manje od 10% djece tijekom prvog febrilnog napadaja. Oko 60 - 70% klasificirano je kao jednostavni febrilni napadaji, a 30 - 40% složeni. Dijagnoza uključuje laboratorijske testove kojima se može dokazati infekcija. Dijete s urednim općim i neurološkim statusom, čija je anamneza u skladu s jednostavnim febrilnim napadajem ne treba daljnju laboratorijsku, slikovnu ili neurofiziološku procjenu. Ako je djetetova anamneza u skladu sa složenim febrilnim napadajem, izvodi se elektroencefalogram. Ne postoji specifično liječenje jednostavnih ili složenih febrilnih napadaja osim odgovarajućeg liječenja temeljnih etiologija koje uzrokuju febrilitet. Kod većine djece nije potrebna hospitalizacija. Većina ne uzrokuje komplikacije kod djece. Dijagnostiku i zbrinjavanje treba provesti multidisciplinarni tim. Ključ je edukacija roditelja. Medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu u provođenju zdravstvene njege djeteta s febrilnim konvulzijama kao i edukaciji roditelja.Febrile seizures, known as febrile convulsions, are seizures associated with elevated body temperature, but without intracranial infection. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood, but is thought to involve genetics, environmental factors, brain immaturity, and inflammatory mediators. A sudden rise and fall in body temperature is not the main mechanism for the occurrence of febrile seizures. They are most often caused by a viral infection. Febrile seizures are more common in man. They most often occur in children age between 6 months and 5 years. Most seizures last less than five minutes, and the child usually recovers quickly. There are two types of febrile seizures: simple and complex. Simple febrile seizures involve a single episode of generalized seizure lasting less than 15 minutes. Complex febrile seizures have one or more of the following: focal symptoms such as twitching on only one side of the body, lasting more than 15 minutes, or two or more seizures within 24 hours. Since febrile seizures can occur during a rise or fall in body temperature, there is a danger that they may be confused with febrile seizures. Febrile status epilepticus may occur in less than 10% of children during the first febrile seizure. About 60 - 70% are classified as simple febrile seizures, and 30 - 40% as complex. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests that can prove infection. A child with normal general and neurological status, whose medical history is consistent with a simple febrile seizure, does not need further laboratory, imaging or neurophysiological evaluation. If the child's history is consistent with a complex febrile seizure, an electroencephalogram is performed. There is no specific treatment for simple or complex febrile seizures other than appropriate treatment of the underlying etiologies causing the febrility. Most children do not require hospitalization. Most do not cause complications in children. Diagnostics and treatment should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team. The key is parent education. The nurse has an important role in providing health care for a child with febrile convulsions, as well as educating parent

    Health Care of Patients on an ECMO Device in the Intensive Care Unit for Cardiac Surgery

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    ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) uređaj je koji pruža privremenu mehaničku cirkulacijsku potporu pacijentima s respiratornim zatajenjem ili zatajenjem srca. Medicinske sestre koje daju hemodinamske lijekove moraju oprezno surađivati sa stručnjacima za ECMO pumpe. Izvantjelesna membranska oksigenacija (ECMO) uključuje dva anatomska sustava, točnije kardiovaskularni i respiracijski anatomski sustav. Pacijenti se priključuju na ECMO sistem u operacijskoj sali ili na jedinici intenzivne njege, gdje se jedino može pružiti odgovarajuća njega. ECMO podrška je invazivan postupak koji zadire u cjelovitost krvnih žila i fiziološke aktivnosti u tijelu, a tijekom njegove primjene mogu nastati brojne komplikacije Sama skrb uključuje poznavanje i primjenu svih dostupnih znanja sestrinstva. Nadzor i kontrola ECMO sistema odgovornost je nadležnog perfuzionista. Na odjelima kardiokirurgije rade specifično educirane medicinske sestre/tehničari. Pacijenti koji primaju ekstrakorporalnu membransku oksigenaciju primaju 24-satnu zdravstvenu njegu i primaju se u jedinicu intenzivne njege za kardiokirurške bolesnike.“ECMO (ExtracorporealMembrane Oxygenation) is adevicethat provides temporary mechanical circulatory support to patients with respiratory or heart failure. Nurses administering hemodynamic medications must work cautiously with ECMO pump specialists. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) involves two anatomical systems, namely the cardiovascular and respiratory anatomical systems. Patients are connected to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the operating room or intensive care unit, where only appropriate care can be provided. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an invasive procedure that interferes with the integrity of blood vessels and physiological activities in the body, and numerous complications may arise during its application. Self-care includes knowledge and application of all available nursing knowledge. Supervision and control of the ECMO circuit is the responsibility of the competent perfusionist. Cardiac surgery departments are staffed by specially trained nurses. Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation receive 24- hour care and are always admitted to the cardiac surgical intensive care uni

    The educational importance of nurses/technicians in the development of positive health behavior in preschool children

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    Cilj ovog rada je obrazložiti edukacijski značaj medicinske sestre/tehničara u razvoju pozitivnog zdravstvenog ponašanja kod predškolske djece. U radu se teorijski obrazlaže dobrobit zdravstveno odgojne aktivnosti djece predškolske dobi koje se odnose na tjelesnu aktivnost, osobnu higijenu, prevenciju ozljeda, navike spavanja, zdrava prehrana i dr. Cilj rada je obrazložitikako usmjeriti djecu na zdrav život. Cilj rada je ukazati na važnost medicinske sestre/tehničara u razvoju pozitivnog zdravstvenog ponašanja kroz provođenje radionica.Na kraju rada se zaključuje kako je uloga medicinske sestre/tehničara može biti značajna u edukaciji predškolske djece. Posebno je važna edukacija u provođenju zdrave prehrane. Edukacija o tjelesnom, mentalnom, emocionalnom i socijalnom zdravlju jednako je važna i pridonosi općem blagostanju predškolske djece. Važno je da roditelji, odgajatelji i skrbnici te medicinske sestre u predškolskim ustanovama njeguju sve navedeno kod djece od najranije dobi. Odrasli mogu pomoći u poboljšanju dobrobiti djece i poticati njihovu povezanost s vlastitim zdravljem i dobrobiti tako što će biti dobri uzori djeci u razvijanju pozitivnog razmišljanja i obrazaca ponašanja. Ove vještine mogu pomoći djeci da odgovore na stresore i daju prioritet svom zdravlju tijekom života.The aim of this paper is to explain the educational importance of nurses/technicians in the development of positive health behavior in preschool children. The paper theoretically explains the benefits of health education activities for preschool children that relate to physical activity, personal hygiene, injury prevention, sleeping habits, healthy nutrition, etc. The aim of the paper is to explain how to direct children to a healthy life. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of nurses/technicians in the development of positive health behavior through conducting workshops. At the end of the paper, it is concluded that the role of nurses/technicians can be significant in the education of preschool children. Education in implementing a healthy diet is especially important. Education about physical, mental, emotional and social health is equally important and contributes to the general well-being of preschool children. It is important that parents, educators and guardians and nurses in preschool institutions nurture all of the above in children from an early age. Adults can help improve children's well-being and encourage their connection to their own health and well-being by being good role models for children to develop positive thinking and behavior patterns. These skills can help children respond to stressors and prioritize their health throughout life

    INSURANCE OF THE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE ACCESSABILITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT THE GENERAL COUNTY HOSPITAL POŽEGA

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    Pandemija COVID–19 odrazila se na planiranje i rad u području pružanja usluga zdravstvene zaštite. Glavni cilj ovog rada je prikazati i utvrditi dostupnost dijagnostičkog postupka magnetskom rezonancijom u Općoj županijskoj bolnici Požega u vremenu trajanja pandemije COVID-19. Korištenjem Donabedianovog modela osiguranja i procjene kvalitete zdravstvene skrbi prezentirano je stanje službene Liste čekanja prije primijenjene intervencije u kategoriji strukture rada na ciljane medicinsko-tehnološke postupke u kategoriji procesa rada (od 07.04.2018 do 07.04.2019. godine) i nakon implementiranih promjena (od 08.04.2019 – 08.04.2020; 09.04.2020 – 09.04.2021.). Sekundarni cilj ovog istraživanja je pokazati razinu zadovoljstva pacijenata i zdravstvenih djelatnika provedenim promjenama u kategoriji strukture rada analizom podataka anonimnih anketa. Izračunat je klinički pokazatelj kvalitete odnosno „Vrijeme čekanja na postupak MR-om“ godinu dana prije i nakon promjene u strukturi rada OŽB Požega. Analiziran je i element „Broj obavljenih MR zahvata“ (obuhvaćenih u ovoj studiji) prije i poslije implementiranih promjena. Analize podataka dobivenih iz anonimnih anketa za pacijente i zdravstvene radnike prikazane su deskriptivnom statistikom u tabelarnim prikazima. Element „Prosječno dana čekanja“ na dijagnostičke postupke MR-om obrađenih u ovoj studiji značajno je manji u istraživanom vremenskom razdoblju nakon uvedene promjene u strukturi rada OŽB Požega - Mann Whitney test U=1026090; P<0,001, - Kruskal Wallis test H=62,886; P<0,001. Može se zaključiti da su dobivena znatna poboljšanja u dostupnosti elektivnih dijagnostičkih postupaka MR-om u ovoj studiji nakon provedenih promjena u kategoriji strukture rada, koja obuhvaćaju i vrijeme pandemije COVID-19. Rezultati „Anonimne ankete o iskustvu i zadovoljstvu pacijenata u MR dijagnostici“, pokazuju da prevaliraju odgovori u kategoriji „Potpuno zadovoljstvo“ pacijenata s pruženom zdravstvenom uslugom tijekom boravka u Dijagnostičkoj jedinici za magnetsku rezonanciju OŽB Požega (68,1%). Međutim, takvu ocjenu ne prate rezultati „Anonimne ankete o iskustvu i zadovoljstvu zdravstvenih radnika“, poglavito jer je najveći udio odgovora ispitanika u kategorijama „Zadovoljstvo“ s Vašim radom u MRI (35,29%) i „Djelomično nezadovoljstvo/ Djelomično zadovoljstvo“ s Vašim radom u MRI (29,41%).The COVID-19 pandemic affected the planning and work in the field of health care services. The main goal of this study is to show and determine the accessibility of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging diagnostic procedure at the General County Hospital Požega (in the following text GCH Požega) during the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Using the Donabedian's model of quality assurance and assessment of health care, the state of the Official waiting list is presented before the applied intervention in the work structure category for targeted medical-technological procedures in the work process category (from 04/07/2018 to 04/07/2019) and after the implemented changes (from 04/08/2019 – 04/08/2020; 04/09/2020 – 04/09/2021). The secondary goal of this study is to show the satisfaction level of patients and healthcare professionals with implemented changes in the work structure category by data analysis of anonymous surveys. A clinical indicator of quality was calculated, i.e. the “Waiting time for the MR procedure” a year before and after the implemented changes in the work structure category at the GCH Požega. The element „the Number of completed MR procedures“ (covered by this study) before and after the implemented changes was also analyzed. Analyzes of data obtained from anonymous surveys for patients and healthcare workers are presented with descriptive statistics in tabular presentations. The element “Average waiting days” for MRI diagnostic procedures processed in this study is significantly lower in the investigated time period after the implemented changes in the work structure of GCH Požega - Mann Whitney test U=1026090; P<0.001, - Kruskal Wallis test H=62.886; P<0.001. It can be concluded that significant improvements were obtained in the availability of elective diagnostic MR procedures in this study after the implemented changes in the category of work structure, which also include the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the “Anonymous survey on the experience and satisfaction of patients in MR diagnostics” show that the answers in the category of “Complete satisfaction” of patients with the health service provided during their stay in the Diagnostic Unit for Magnetic Resonance GCH Požega prevail (68.1%). However, such an assessment is not followed by the results of the “Anonymous survey on the experience and satisfaction of healthcare workers”, mainly because the largest share of respondents' answers are in the categories “Satisfaction” with Your work in MRI (35.29%) and “Partial dissatisfaction/Partial satisfaction” with Your work in MRI (29, 41%)

    Arterial spin labeling in neuroradiology

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    Neurološke bolesti danas predstavljaju važan medicinski i javnozdravstveni problem. Označavanje arterijskog spina je relativno nova, neinvazivna tehnika za mjerenje cerebralnog protoka u magnetskoj rezonanciji, koja daje informacije o perfuziji mozga, bez korištenja egzogenog kontrastnog sredstva. Postoji nekoliko različitih tehnika označavanja arterijskog spina od kojih je najčešće korištena metoda pseudo-kontinuiranog označavanja. Kod označavanja arterijskog spina može nastati nekoliko vrsta artefakata koje je bitno poznavati, jer mogu utjecati na točnost tumačenja perfuzije. Označavanje arterijskog spina se koristi kod sumnje na različite neurološke bolesti i stanja kao što su tumori mozga, epilepsija, psihijatrijski i drugi neurološki poremećaji, neurodegenerativne te cerebrovaskularne bolesti i arteriovenske malformacije i fistule. Unatoč svojim brojnim prednostima, ova metoda ima nekoliko nedostataka poput složenosti primjene i naknadne obrade slike te niskog omjera signala i šuma, što je uzrok nedovoljnoj primjeni u kliničkoj praksi. Obzirom na složenost neuroloških bolesti, istraživanje mozga i postavljanje dijagnoze zahtijeva multidisciplinarni pristup, pa se tehnika označavanja arterijskog spina koristi u kombinaciji s drugim MR tehnikama u svrhu preciznog postavljanja dijagnoze.Today, neurological diseases represent an important medical and public health problem. Arterial spin labeling is a relatively new, non-invasive technique for measuring cerebral blood flow in magnetic resonance imaging, which provides information of brain perfusion, without the use of an exogenous contrast agent. There are several different arterial spin labeling techniques, the most commonly used is the pseudo-continuous labeling method. When labeling the arterial spin, several types of artifacts can occur, which are important to know, because they can affect the accuracy of the interpretation of perfusion. Arterial spin labeling is used in suspicion of various neurological diseases and conditions such as brain tumors, epilepsy, psychiatric and other neurological disorders, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases and arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. Despite its many advantages, this method has several disadvantages such as complexity of application and following image post-processing and low signal-to-noise ratio, which is the cause of insufficient use in clinical practice. Considering the complexity of neurological diseases, brain research and diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, so the arterial spin labeling technique is used in combination with other MR techniques for the purpose of precise diagnosis

    The importance of nurse/ med technician communication in preventing negative attitudes towards vaccination of preschool children

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    Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi značaj medicinske sestre/tehničara u prevenciji negativnih stavova roditelja djece predškolske dobi te jesu li stavovi o imunizaciji pozitivni. Metode i ispitanici: Za potrebe izrade empirijskog dijela ovog rada proveden je anketni upitnik među 324 roditelja na području uže okolice Grada Splita. Prilikom prikupljanja podataka za ovo istraživanje koristili smo upitnik od dva dijela. Prvi dio upitnika odnosi se na demografske podatke te pitanja vezan za procijepljenost predškolske djece. U istraživanju, primijenjen je prilagođen upitnika „Stavovi roditelja o cjepivima u djetinjstvu“ (eng. Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines, PACV). Upitnik oblikovan za potrebe ovog istraživanja sadržavao je sociodemografske podatke (dob, spol, mjesto stanovanja, bračni status, razinu obrazovanja) te pitanja koja sadržavaju informacije o stavovima roditelja o cijepljenju i izvorima informacija o cijepljenju. Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je najveća procijepljenost djece protiv tuberkuloze, odnosno cjepivom BCG-a. Većina roditelja ima pozitivan stav o korisnosti cijepljenja za prevenciju određenih bolesti. Najveći postotak roditelja izjasnio se kako je primarni izvor informacija o cjepivu izabrao zdravstvene djelatnike te kao nuspojave cjepiva ne smatra autizam, karcinom ili dijabetes. Zaključak: Zaključno se može istaknuti kako su stavovi roditelja prema cijepljenju uglavnom pozitivni i većina roditelja primarne informacije o cjepivu i mogućim nuspojavama dobio je od izabranog liječnika.Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the importance of nurses / technicians in the prevention of negative attitudes of parents of preschool children and whether attitudes about immunization are positive. Methods and respondents: For the purpose of creating the empirical part of this paper, a questionnaire was conducted among 324 parents in the area of the city of Split. When collecting data for this survey, we used a two-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire refers to demographic data and questions related to the vaccination of preschool children. In the study, an adapted questionnaire was applied to the questionnaire "Attitudes of parents about vaccines in childhood" (eng. Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV). The questionnaire designed for this study contained sociodemographic data (age, gender, place of residence, marital status, level of education) and questions containing information about parents' attitudes about vaccination and sources of information about vaccination. Results: The results of the research show that the highest vaccination of children is against tuberculosis, i.e. bcg vaccine. Most parents have a positive attitude about the usefulness of vaccination for the prevention of certain diseases. The largest percentage of parents said that the primary source of information about the vaccine chose healthcare professionals and did not consider autism, cancer or diabetes as side effects of the vaccine. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be pointed out that the attitudes of parents towards vaccination are mostly positive and most parents received primary information about the vaccine and possible side effects from the selected doctor

    Knowledge of undergraduate nursing students about exposure incident, prevention and post-exposure procedures

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    SAŽETAK: Ekspozicijski incident nastaje kada krv ili drugi potencijalno zarazni materijal dođe u dodir s okom, ustima, sluznicama ili čak netaknutom kožom. Najopasniji virusi koji se prenose krvlju ili drugim tjelesnim tekućinama / tkivima su hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) i virus humane imunodeficijencije (HIV). Predekspozicijska zaštita poput rukavica, pregača, vizira te procijepljenost protiv Hepatitisa B kao ključ sigurnosti, kao i edukacija zdravstvenih djelatnika, postekspozicijska prijava slučaja i obrada te postekspozicijska profilaksa trebaju biti zastupljeni i zapamćeni u svakoj etapi obavljanja sestrinske profesije. CILJ: Procijeniti znanja studenata prijediplomskog studija sestrinstva o ekspozicijskom incidentu, prevenciji i postekspozicijskim mjerama; utvrditi razlike u znanju prema demografskim karakteristikama; ispitati učestalost ekspozicijskog incidenta u profesionalnom radu ili tijekom izvođenja kliničkih vježbi među studentima; usporediti razlike u postupcima u slučaju ekspozicijskog incidenta prema demografskim karakteristikama i razine znanja. METODE: U svibnju 2023.godine provedeno je presječno istraživanje u kojem su sudjelovala 274 studenta Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija, Sveučilišnog prijediplomskog studija sestrinstva. U cilju prikupljanja podataka izrađen je ankteni upitnik koji je sadržavao 20 pitanja znanja o ekspozicijskom incidentu, prevenciji i postekspozicijskim mjerama. REZULTATI: Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju o ekspozicijskom incidentu, prevenciji i postekspozicijskim mjerama između ispitanika koji su u radnom odnosu u usporedbi s onim ispitanicima koji nisu u radnom odnosu u području sestrinstva (P=0,064). Veću razinu znanja o ekspozicijskom incidentu pokazali su studenti prve i druge godine (Medijan=65,00) u usporedbi sa studentima treće godine (Medijan=60,00), što je bilo statistički značajno različito P=0,014. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u spremnosti ispitanika za prijavljivanje incidenta s obzirom na razinu postignutog znanja P=0,048, kao što se statistički beznačajno pokazala duljina razdoblja od završetka edukacije čime se ne povećava spremnost na prijavljivanje ekspozicijskog incidenta P=0,013. ZAKLJUČAK: Statističkom analizom dobivenih rezultata, studenti Sestrinstva u Splitu pokazali su nedovoljnu razinu znanja o ekspozicijskom incidentu, prevenciji i postekspozicijskim mjerama. Usprkos tome što se većina studenata izjasnila kako im nije potrebna dodatna edukacija, kao ključ uspjeha u radu buduće medicinske sestre/tehničara jest upravo kontinuirana edukacija s ciljem podizanja svjesnosti o sigurnosti na radnom mjestu.SUMMARY: Exposure incident is occurring when blood or other potentially contagious material comes into contact with eye, mouth, mucous membrane or even non-intact skin. The most dangerous viruses witch are transmitted by blood or other body liquids/tissue are Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Preexposure protection like gloves, apron, visors and vaccination against hepatitis B as key of safety, so as education of medical workers postexposure case report and evaluation as well as postexposure prophylaxis should be represented and remembered in every phase of nurse profession. OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about the exposure incident, prevention and post-exposure measures; determine differences in knowledge according to demographic characteristics; examine the frequency of exposure incidents in professional work or during the performance of clinical exercises among students; to compare the differences in procedures in case of an exposure incident according to demographic characteristics and level of knowledge. METHODS : In May 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in which 274 students of the Nursing Health Study in Split participated. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was formulated with 20 knowledge questions about the exposure incident, prevention and post-exposure measures. RESULTS : The obtained results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in knowledge of exposure incident, prevention and post-exposure measures between subjects who are employed compared to those subjects who are not employed in the field of nursing (P = 0.064). A higher level of knowledge of the exposure incident was demonstrated by first- and second-year students (Median=65.00) compared to third-year students (Median=60.00), which was statistically significantly different P=0.014. There was no statistically significant difference in the subjects' readiness to report an incident with regard to the level of knowledge achieved P =0.048, just as the length of the period since the end of the education was statistically insignificant, which does not increase the willingness to report an exposure incident P =0.013. CONCLUSION: Through the statistical analysis of the obtained results, Nursing students in Split showed an insufficient level of knowledge about the exposure incident, prevention and post-exposure measures. Despite the fact that the majority of students declared that they do not need additional education, the key to success in the work of a future nurse/technician is precisely constant education and awareness of one's own health

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