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Comparison of rate of recovery and care in patients after classic caesar and extraperitoneal caesar section
No full textCarski rez je još u povijesti opisan kao operacija pri kojoj se otvara trbuh i maternica rodilje kako bi se izvadio plod i posteljica. Carski rez se provodi pod općom ili lokalnom anestezijom, spinalnom ili epiduralnom anestezijom. Indikacije za primjenu carskog reza dijele se u tri skupine a to su apsolutne, relativne i proširene. Razdoblje oporavka nakon carskog reza traje od šest do osam tjedana. Uporabom novije kirurške metode French Ambulatory Cesarean Section (FAUCS), modificiranom verzijom ekstraperitonealnog carskog reza, smanjuje se mogućnost pojavnosti poslijeoperacijskih komplikacija i bolnosti. FAUCS iako malo sporiji rezultira bolnosti manjeg intenziteta. Rodilje se već nakon samo nekoliko sati mogu samostalno kretati. Cilj završnog rada je bio napraviti usporedbu oporavka rodilja nakon transperitonealnog i nakon ekstraperitonealnog carskog reza po metodi FAUCS. Istraživanje je provedeno u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode u Splitu u razdoblju od 2016. do 2022. godine. Prikupljeni su podaci o 100 rodilja iz Protokola rađaonice i povijesti bolesti, 50 za transperitonealni i 50 za ekstraperitonealni carski rez. Zahvat kao što je ekstraperitonealni carski rez može rodilji omogućiti brži oporavak i samostalnost kako joj primalja ne bi bila potrebna. Stoga kroz provedeno istraživanje možemo zaključiti da je brzina oporavka kod pacijentica ekstraperitonealnog reza kraća nego kod transperitonealnog carskog reza.A caesarean section has been described in history as an operation during which the abdomen and uterus of the mother are opened in order to remove the fetus and placenta. Caesarean section is performed under general or local anesthesia, spinal or epidural anesthesia. Indications for caesarean section are divided into three groups: absolute, relative and extended. The recovery period after a caesarean section lasts from six to eight weeks. Using the newer surgical method French Ambulatory Cesarean Section (FAUCS), a modified version of extraperitoneal caesarean section, reduces the possibility of postoperative complications and pain. FAUCS, although a litter slower, results in less intense pain. Mothers in labor can move independently after just few hours. The aim of the final paper was to compare the recovery of the women in labor after transperitoneal and after extraperitoneal caesarean section according to FAUCS method. The research was conducted at the Clinic for Women´s Diseases and Childbirth in Split in the period from 2016 to 2022. data were collected on 100 women in labor from the delivery room protocol and medical history, 50 for transperitoneal and 50 for extraperitoneal caesarean section. A procedure such as an extraperitoneal caesarean section can enable the women in labor to recover faster and be indepentent so that she does not need a midwife. Therefore, through the conducted research, we can conclude that the speed of recovery in patients with extraperitoneal section is shorter than with transperitoneal caesarean section
Nurses tasks in patient with lung cancer
No full textKarcinom pluća je zloćudni tumor koji predstavlja velik javnozdravstveni problem zbog svog visokog morbiditeta
i mortaliteta. Oboljeli od karcinoma pluća susreću se s brojnim poteškoćama u liječenju ove bolesti. Kako bi
otklonila poteškoće, medicinska sestra, kao dio multidisciplinarnog tima, identificira problem i provodi sestrinske
intervencije s ciljem rješavanja istog. Zdravstvena skrb medicinske sestre usmjerena je postizanju najveće moguće
kvalitete života kod oboljelih od karcinoma pluća kao i kod bolesnika u terminalnoj fazi bolesti. Za provođenje
zdravstvene njege osposobljena je medicinska sestra koja ima svoj djelokrug rada definiran zakonom. Medicinska
sestra sudjeluje u otklanjanju poteškoća tijekom kemoterapije te u prijeoperacijskoj i poslijeoperacijskoj pripremi
bolesnika. Prijeoperacijska priprema sastoji se od fizičke i psihičke pripreme. Poslijeoperacijska zdravstvena njega
bolesnika kod operacije pluća usmjerena je na otklanjanje tjelesnih simptoma, sprječavanje i prepoznavanje
komplikacija te sprječavanje infekcije. Bol je najteža tegoba nakon operacije pluća.
Unatoč medicinskim dostignućima i napretku u liječenju karcinoma pluća, govoreći o karcinomu pluća govorimo
o bolesti sa velikim mortalitetom. Sestrinske intervencije otklanjaju bol i olakšavaju život bolesnicima u
terminalnoj fazi.Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that represents a major public health problem due to high morbidity and
mortality. Patients with lung cancer face numerous difficulties in the treatment of this disease. In order to eliminate
difficulties, the nurse, as part of a multidisciplinary team, identifies the problem and implements nursing
interventions aimed at solving it. Health care is aimed at achieving the highest possible quality of life for lung
cancer patients as well as patients in the terminal phase of the disease. Nurses are trained to provide health care,
and their scope of work is determined by law. The nurse participates in the elimination of difficulties during
chemotherapy and in the preoperative and postoperative preparation of the patient. Preoperative preparation
consists of physical and psychological preparation. Postoperative health care of patients during surgery is aimed
at eliminating physical symptoms, examining and identifying complications and the development of lung
infections. Pain is the most severe complaint after lung surgery.
Despite medical achievements and progress in the treatment of lung cancer, when we talk about lung cancer we
are talking about diseases with high mortality. Nursing interventions eliminate pain and make life easier for
terminally ill patients
Effect of compression force on pain perception during digital mammography imaging
No full textMamografija je pretraga koja predstavlja „zlatni standard“ u ranom otkrivanju i liječenju karcinoma dojke. Iznimno je važno redovno provoditi sistematske preglede kako bi eventualno liječenje bolesti bilo što uspješnije. Veliki problem kod pacijentica se javlja kod odaziva na preglede zbog neugodnosti same pretrage, odnosno boli koju osjete prilikom kompresije dojke. Dojku je važno adekvatno komprimirati zbog same kvalitete radiološke slike, ali razvojem mamografskih uređaja ta kompresija nastoji se maksimalno smanjiti uvođenjem tehnike automatske kompresije tijekom snimanja. Ovaj rad obrađuje istraživanje provedeno na 90 pacijentica u KBC-u Split s ciljem dokazivanja koliko sila kompresije utječe na bol prilikom snimanja i imaju li na to utjecaja dodatni parametri kod pacijentica (dob, BMI, veličina grudnjaka i menopauza).Mammography is "gold standard"’s procedure in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer. It is extremely important to carry out systematic examinations regularly so that the possible treatment of the disease is as successful as possible. A big problem for patients occurs when responding to examinations due to the discomfort of the examination itself, that is, the pain they feel during breast compression. It is important to adequately compress the breast due to the quality of the radiological image itself, but with the development of mammography devices, this compression is tried to be reduced as much as possible by the introduction of the automatic compression technique during imaging. This thesis deals with research carried out on 90 patients at KBC Split with the aim of proving how compression forces affect pain during imaging and whether additional parameters in patients (age, BMI, bra size and menopause) have an effect on this
Nursing care of children with acute appendicitis - case report
No full textApendicitis je akutna upalna bolest slijepog crijeva koja može predstavljati ozbiljnu prijetnju
zdravlju, posebno u djece. Akutni apendicitis u djece zahtijeva brzu i preciznu dijagnozu te pravovremenu
kiruršku intervenciju kako bi se izbjegle ozbiljne komplikacije poput rupture slijepog crijeva. U ovom
kontekstu, uloga medicinske sestre iznimno je važna, jer igra ključnu ulogu u prikupljanju informacija,
praćenju pacijenta, pružanju emocionalne podrške i suradnji s multidisciplinarnim timom radi osiguranja
najbolje moguće skrbi za djecu s akutnim apendicitisom. Sestrinska skrb za dijete s akutnim apendicitisom
predstavlja vitalnu komponentu kvalitetnog zdravstvenog pristupa. Medicinske sestre igraju važnu ulogu u
raznim fazama bolesti uključujući dijagnostiku, operativni zahvat i postoperativnu njegu. U dijagnostičkoj
fazi educiraju roditelje o važnosti prepoznavanja simptoma i pravovremenog reagiranja. Tijekom kirurškog
zahvata, pružaju potporu djetetu i obitelji te prate njegovu dobrobit. Nakon operacije, fokus je na
upravljanju bolovima, prevenciji infekcija i edukaciji o postoperativnoj njezi. Emocionalna podrška
medicinskih sestara igra ključnu ulogu u olakšavanju procesa oporavka. Sveukupno, multidisciplinarni
pristup i suradnja stručnjaka od suštinske su važnosti za osiguranje optimalne skrbi i pozitivnih ishoda za
dijete s akutnim apendicitisom.Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the appendix that can pose a serious threat to
health, especially in children. Acute appendicitis in children requires quick and precise diagnosis and timely
surgical intervention to avoid serious complications such as rupture of the appendix. In this context, the
role of the nurse is extremely important, as it plays a key role in gathering information, monitoring the
patient, providing emotional support and collaborating with the multidisciplinary team to ensure the best
possible care for children with acute appendicitis. Nursing care for a child with acute appendicitis is a vital
component of a quality healthcare approach. Nurses play a key role in various stages of illness including
diagnosis, surgery and post-operative care. In the diagnostic phase, parents are educated about the
importance of recognizing symptoms and reacting in a timely manner. During the surgical procedure, they
provide support to the child and family and monitor his well-being. After surgery, the focus is on pain
management, infection prevention and post-operative care education. The emotional support of nurses plays
a key role in facilitating the recovery process. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration
between specialists is essential to ensure optimal care and positive outcomes for a child with acute
appendicitis
DIAGNOSTIC AND PROCEDURES IN THE PREVENTIONS OF PREMATURE BIRTH-MIDWIFE'S ACTIVITIES
No full textUloga primalje je pružanje podršku, njege i savjeta tijekom trudnoće, poroda i vremenu nakon poroda. Primalja pruža adekvatnu skrb novorođenčetu i dojenčetu. U to su uključene preventivne mjere, promicanje normalnog poroda, prepoznavanje komplikacija kod majke i djeteta te pristup adekvatnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. U životu žene trudnoća je razdoblje gdje se oplođeno jajašce implantira, zatim raste i razvija. Vrijeme trajanja normalne trudnoće je 40 tjedana odnosno 9 mjeseci, a završava nakon rođenja djeteta između 37. i 42. tjedna. Ako je trudnoća završila prije navršenog 37. tjedna onda se to naziva prijevremeni porodom. Prijevremeni porod je glavni uzrok neonatalnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta i učestalost se nije znatno smanjila u posljednjih 40 godina. Zbog velikog broja rizičnih čimbenika, od kojih su neki i nepoznati, liječenje i prevencija su otežani. Prijevremeni porod se može spriječiti ako se djeluje na rizične čimbenike, kao što su liječenje bolesti majke i sprječavanje štetnih navika majke. Primalja će individualno i profesionalno pristupiti svakoj ženi u slučaju komplikacija i prijevremenih poroda.The main role of midwife is to offer support, care and advice during pregnancy, during labor and time after delivery. Midwife will provide a newborn and an infant with adequate care. That includes precautionary measures, advocacy for normal birth, awareness of possible complications both with mother and a child and access to adequate medical care. In women's life pregnancy is the time when a fertilized egg is implanted, then it grows and develops. Duration of a normal pregnancy is about 40 weeks or 9 months and it ends after childbirth between 37th and 42nd week of pregnancy. If pregnancy has ended before 37th week then it is called premature birth. Premature birth is the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and its frequency hasn’t dropped in the last 40 years. Due to a high number of risk factors, some of which are unknown, treatment and prevention are challenging. Premature birth can be prevented if risk factors are impaired such as maternal treatment and preventing bad habits. The midwife will approach each woman individually and professionally in case of complications and premature births
The relationship of change in the degree of functional independence of elderly patients with the performed operation for cataract at the Eye disease clinic of the Split Clinical Hospital Center
No full textCilj: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati povezanost promjene vidne oštrine na operiranom oku zbog mrene (postoperativno mjesec dana) s promjenom funkcionalne samostalnosti starijih bolesnika (65 g. i više) koristeći Indeks po Barthelovoj modificiran prema Shah S., Vanclay F. i Cooper B. (MBI) prije i poslije operacije mrene.
Metode i ispitanici: Za potrebe izrade empirijskog dijela ovog rada proveden je anketni upitnik među 105 ispitanika prije i nakon operacije oka zbog mrene.Korišten je Modificirani Barthelov indeks (MBI).U radu se koriste metode grafičkog i tabelarnog prikazivanja kojima se prezentira struktura odgovora na anketna pitanja upotrebom apsolutnih i relativnih frekvencija. U Klinici za očne bolesti KBC Split doktor medicine, specijalist oftalmolog odredio je vidnu oštrinu preoperativno i postoperativno na oku na kojem se vrši operativni zahvat (mjesec dana nakon operacije mrene).
Rezultati:Istraživanje koje je provedeno za potrebe ovog rada pokazuje da je najveći broj ispitanika u dobi između 65-74 godine. Veći broj ispitanih pacijenata je imao operativni zahvat na desnom oku. Srednja vrijednost MBI nakon mjesec dana od operativnog zahvata je viša u odnosu na vrijednost indeksa prije operativnog zahvata. Ispitivanjem je utvrđena razlika u zastupljenosti pacijenata u odnosu na kategoriju ovisnost o tuđoj pomoći (MBI) prije operativnog zahvata. Promjena oštrine vida je pozitivno povezana sa promjenom funkcionalne samostalnosti kod pacijenata u srednjoj starosti (od75-84.g.) i u dubokoj starosti (85 godina i više). Postoperativno poboljšanje vidne oštrine i promjena stupnja funkcionalne samostalnosti u odnosu na spol pacijenata nije dokazano.
Zaključak:Na osnovu provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti kako pojava mrene u starijoj životnoj dobi može značajano utjecati na promjenu funkcionalne samostalnosti starijih bolesnika, osobito u srednjoj i dubokoj starosti.Također, zaključno se može reći kako promjena oštrine vida ima pozitivan učinak na promjenu funkcionalne samostalnosti starijih bolesnika, odnosno porast vidne oštrine je praćen porastom funkcionalne samostalnosti. U odnosu na spol nema značajne razlike, ali ima u odnosu na dob pacijenata. Najznačajniji utjecaj promjene oštrine vida i funkcionalne samostalnosti pozitivno je povezan u srednjoj starosti i dubokoj starosti.Objective:The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the change in visual acuity in the operated eye due to cataract (one month postoperatively) and the change in functional independence of elderly patients (65 years and older) using the Barthel Index modified according to Shah S., Vanclay F. and Cooper B. (MBI) before and after cataract surgery.
Methods and respondents:For the purposes of creating the empirical part of this work, a questionnaire was conducted among 105 respondents before and after eye surgery for cataracts. The Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used. The paper uses methods of graphical and tabular presentation, which present the structure of responses to survey questions using absolute and relative frequencies.At the Clinic for Eye Diseases, University Hospital Split,a medical doctor, a specialist in ophthalmology determined the visual acuity preoperatively and postoperatively in the eye on which the operation was performed (one month after cataract surgery).
Results:The research conducted for the purposes of this work shows that the largest number of respondents are between the ages of 65-74. A large number of examined patients had surgery on the right eye. The mean value of the MBI one month after the operation is higher compared to the value of the index before the operation. The examination revealed a difference in the representation of patients in relation to the category of dependency on other people's help (MBI) before the operation. The change in visual acuity is positively related to the change in functional independence in patients in middle age (from 75-84) and in old age (85 and over). Postoperative improvement of visual acuity and changes in the degree of functional independence in relation to the gender of the patients have not been proven.
Conclusion:Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the appearance of cataracts in old age can significantly affect the change in the functional independence of elderly patients, especially in middle and old age. Also, in conclusion, it can be said that the change in visual acuity has a positive effect on the change in functional independence of elderly patients, i.e. an increase in visual acuity is accompanied by an increase in functional independence. There is no significant difference in relation to gender, but there is in relation to the age of the patients. The most significant effect of change in visual acuity and functional independence is positively related in middle age and old age
Incindence of vaccuum extraction in Clinical Hospital Split during 2022 year
No full textVakuum ekstrakcija je instrumentalno dovršenje porođaja. Koristi se kod produljene druge faze poroda, fetalne bradikardije ili u slučajevima kada je potrebno hitno dovršiti vaginalni porod. Svaka intervencija ima komplikacije, ali korištenje vakuuma nosi više koristi nego neželjenih perinatalnih posljedica koje se mogu desiti ako se vakuum izbjegava.
Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti učestalost poroda dovršenih vakuum ekstrakcijom. Istraživanje je retrospektivno i obuhvaćalo je podatke o dobi rodilje, paritetu, tjednima gestacije u trenutku poroda, vremenskom trajanju porođaja, analgeziji na porodu, porođajnoj masi djeteta te Apgar scoru novorođenčeta. Istraživanje je obuhvaćalo sve žene čiji je vaginalni porod dovršen vakuum ekstrakcijom tijekom 2022. godine u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode KBC Split. Na temelju 82 žene koje su rodile uz pomoć vakuum ekstrakcije tijekom 2022. godine utvrđeno je da su to najčešće bile prvorotke u dobi od 21 do 30 godina, s eutrofičnim novorođenčetom. Nije bilo velikih odstupanja od fizioloških poroda te su novorođenčad imala normalan Apgar score.
Zaključuje se da korištenje vakuum ekstrakcije nije imalo značajan utjecaj na stanje rodilje, fetusa ili novorođenčeta.Vacuum extraction is the instrumental completion of childbirth. It is used in prolonged second stage of childbirth, fetal
bradycardia or in cases where it is necessary to urgently complete vaginal delivery. Every intervention has
complications, but the use of a vacuum carries more benefits than unwanted perinatal consequences that can occur if
the vacuum is avoided. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of births completed by vacuum
extraction. The study was retrospective and included data on maternal age, parity, weeks of gestation at the time of
delivery, the duration of childbirth, analgesia at birth, birth weight of the baby and Apgar scoru of the newborn. The
research included all women whose vaginal birth was completed with vacuum extraction during 2022 at the
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Split. Based on 82 women who gave birth with
the help of vacuum extraction during 2022, it was found that these were most often first-born sages between the ages
of 21 and 30, with a normal-weight newborn. There were no major deviations from physiological births and the
newborns had a normal Apgar score. It is concluded that the use of vacuum extraction did not have a significant impact
on the condition of the mother, fetus or newborn
Artificial intelligence in the fields of radiology
No full textOvaj rad istražuje utjecaj umjetne inteligencije (AI) na radiologiju, ističući njezin napredak, primjene i izazove. Algoritmi umjetne inteligencije transformirali su radiologiju poboljšanjem dijagnostičke točnosti, učinkovitosti i skrbi za pacijente. U radu se raspravlja o temeljnim principima umjetne inteligencije i njenih potpolja, prikazujući njezine primjene u računalno potpomognutoj detekciji, analizi slike i prognostičkom modeliranju. Bavi se izazovima kao što su kvaliteta podataka, etika, interpretabilnost i suradnja. Rad naglašava odnos između umjetne inteligencije i radiologa i raspravlja o budućim smjerovima za integraciju umjetne inteligencije s multimodalnim slikanjem i personaliziranom medicinom. AI u radiologiji ima golem potencijal za točne i učinkovite zdravstvene prakse.This paper explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on radiology, highlighting its progress, applications and challenges. Artificial intelligence algorithms have transformed radiology by improving diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and patient care. The paper discusses the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence and its subfields, showing its applications in computer-aided detection, image analysis and prognostic modeling. It addresses challenges such as data quality, ethics, interpretability and collaboration. The paper highlights the symbiotic relationship between artificial intelligence and radiologists and discusses future directions for the integration of artificial intelligence with multimodal imaging and personalized medicine. AI in radiology has enormous potential for accurate and efficient healthcare practices
Activities of a nurse in the pre-operative preparation of a colon cancer patient
No full textKarcinom kolona treća je najčešća zloćudna bolest u muškaraca i žena i čini 10% svih smrti od karcinoma. Primarni čimbenik rizika za karcinom kolona je poodmakla dob, ali i drugi čimbenici također igraju ulogu u njegovom razvoju, uključujući genetsku predispoziciju, pušenje, konzumaciju alkohola, pretilost i prehranu bogatu masnoćama i malo vlakana. Preživljenje raka debelog crijeva prvenstveno je povezano sa stadijem bolesti u trenutku dijagnoze. Glavni testovi probira za rak debelog crijeva su test fekalne okultne krvi, fleksibilna sigmoidoskopija, klistir s dvostrukim kontrastom barija i kolonoskopija. Preoperativna procjena treba uključivati kompletnu krvnu sliku, karcinoembrionalni antigen (CEA), kolonoskopiju i radiografiju prsnog koša. Ostale prijeoperacijske procjene su specifične za pacijenta ili od nedokazane koristi. Operativni zahvat treba uključiti pripremu crijeva, parenteralnu primjenu antibiotika, i profilaksa duboke venske tromboze. Provedeni postupak mora biti prilagođen lokaciji raka debelog crijeva, ali treba uključivati potpunu, en bloc resekciju karcinoma i njegovu limfnu drenažu, uključujući lokalno invadirane strukture. Za sve pacijente s karcinomom kolona tijekom i nakon završetka liječenja treba poticati raspravu o promjenama načina života, uključujući pridržavanje zdrave prehrane, postizanje i održavanje idealne tjelesne težine, uspostavljanje aktivne rutine tjelesne aktivnosti, smanjenje konzumacije alkohola i prestanak pušenja. Pacijente oboljele od karcinoma kolona treba redovito pregledavati radi ranog prepoznavanja simptoma psihosocijalnog stresa i ponuditi rane preventivne intervencije koje bi poboljšale kvalitetu života i smanjile patnju.Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy in men and women and accounts for 10% of all cancer deaths. The primary risk factor for colorectal cancer is good, but other factors also play a role in its development, including genetic predisposition, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and a diet high in fat and low in fiber. Colon cancer survival is primarily related to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The main screening tests for colon cancer are the fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, and colonoscopy. Preoperative evaluation should include complete blood count, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), colonoscopy, and chest radiography. Other preoperative assessments are patient-specific or of unproven benefit. The operative procedure should include bowel preparation, parenteral administration of antibiotics and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. The performed procedure must be adapted to the location of the colon cancer, but should include complete, en bloc resection of the cancer and its lymphatic drainage, including locally invaded structures. For all colon cancer patients during and after treatment, a discussion should be initiated about lifestyle changes, including following a healthy diet, achieving, and maintaining an ideal body weight, establishing an active physical activity routine, reducing alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. Colon cancer patients should be examined regularly for early recognition of psychosocial stress symptoms and early preventive interventions should be offered to improve quality of life and reduce suffering
Health care of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
No full textOsteogenesis imperfecta je najčešća bolest nasljedne krhkosti kostiju. Učestalost bolesti je od 2,35 do 4,7 na 10 000 u svijetu. Najčešći uzrok bolesti je defekt u genima koji su uključeni u proizvodnju, savijanje, stabilnost, obradu i izlučivanje kolagena tipa 1, funkciju osteoblasta ili mineralizaciju koštanog matriksa. Prema Silenceovoj klasifikaciji iz 1979. postoje četiri osnovna tipa bolesti, tip I je najčešći i najblaži, tip II je najteži, tip III je sljedeći po težini, a tip IV je po težini između II i III tipa. Danas postoji više od 20 tipova bolesti. Karakteristike oboljelih su nizak rast, deformiteti kostiju i ponavljani prijelomi. Simptomi obuhvaćaju i abnormalnost zuba, promijenjenu boju bjeloočnica, dismorfizam lica, gubitak sluha, pojačani laksitet kože, hipermobilnost zglobova, kardiovaskularne, neurološke ili respiratorne manifestacije. Bolest se može otkriti antenatalno i postnatalno. Liječenje oboljelih se sastoji od fizikalne terapije, kirurških intervencija te farmakoterapije. Liječenje bisfosfonatima se primjenjuje intravenski (pamidronat) ili oralnim putem (alendronat), uspješnost liječenja se prati mjerenjem mineralne gustoće kosti (BMD) denzitometrijom te biokemijskim pretragama (biljezi koštane pregradnje). Postupak vađenja krvi te mjerenje vitalnih znakova, kao i svi postupci koji se provode kod pacijenta, trebaju biti provedeni nježno s velikim oprezom na sprečavanje nanošenja nenamjernih ozljeda ili prijeloma krhkih kostiju tijekom postupka. Proces zdravstvene njege kod pacijenata s osteogenesis imperfecta se odvija kroz četiri faze: utvrđivanje potreba za zdravstvenom njegom, planiranje zdravstvene njege, provođenje zdravstvene njege i evaluacija zdravstvene njege. Najčešće aktualne sestrinske dijagnoze kod pacijenata s osteogenesis imperfecta su: smanjena mogućnost brige o sebi smanjeno podnošenje napora, bol, opstipacija, pretilost, senzorno-perceptivna promjena - slušna, neupućenost, duševni nemir i socijalna izolacija. Najčešće visoko rizične sestrinske dijagnoze kod oboljelih su: visok rizik za ozljedu, visok rizik za infekciju i visok rizik za pad. Medicinska sestra / tehničar trebaju provoditi zdravstvenu njegu koja je usmjerena povećavanju samostalnosti i funkcionalnosti pacijenta u svakodnevnom životu, uključujući edukaciju pacijenta i njegovih roditelja i obitelji.Osteogenesis imperfecta is the most common hereditary bone fragility disease. The frequency of the disease is from 2.35 to 4.7 per 10,000 in the world. The most common cause of the disease is a defect in genes involved in the production, folding, stability, processing and secretion of type 1 collagen, osteoblast function or bone matrix mineralization. According to Silence's 1979 classification, there are four basic types of disease, type I is the most common and mildest, type II is the most severe, type III is the next in severity, and type IV is between type II and III in severity. Today there are more than 20 types of the disease. Characteristics of patients are short stature, bone deformities and repeated fractures. Symptoms include tooth abnormalities, discolored whites of the eyes, facial dysmorphism, hearing loss, loose skin, joint hypermobility, cardiovascular, neurological or respiratory manifestations. The disease can be detected antenatally and postnatally. The treatment of patients consists of physical therapy, surgical interventions and pharmacotherapy. Treatment with bisphosphonates is administered intravenously (pamidronate) or orally (alendronate), the success of the treatment is monitored by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with densitometry and biochemical tests (markers of bone remodeling). The procedure of drawing blood and measuring vital signs, as well as all procedures performed on the patient, should be carried out gently with great care to prevent unintentional injuries or fractures of fragile bones during the procedure. The process of health care for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta takes place through four phases: determining the need for health care, planning health care, implementing health care, and evaluating health care. The most common current nursing diagnoses in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta are: self-care deficit, activity intolerance, pain, constipation, obesity, sensory-perceptual change - hearing, knowledge deficit, mental restlessness and social isolation. The most common high-risk nursing diagnoses in patients are: high risk for injury, high risk for infection, and high risk for falling. The nurse / technician should provide health care aimed at increasing the independence and functionality of the patient in everyday life, including education of the patient and his parents and family