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Impact of Hypertension on Quality of life
No full textUvod: Hipertenzija je danas jedan od vodećih uzroka smrti. Smatra se kako je kvaliteta života kod pacijenata s hipertenzijom narušena.
Cilj: Procijeniti kvalitetu života pacijenata oboljelih od hipertenzije s obzirom na samoučinkovitost pridržavanja uzimanja antihipertenzivne terapije
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 254 ispitanika kojima je dijagnosticirana hipertenzija a liječe se u ordinaciji opće medicine Ivanke Dodig Bravić, dr. med. spec. obit. med., Istraživanje se provelo anonimnom anketom u papirnatom obliku, obuhvaćajući sociodemografski upitnik, hrvatsku verziju skraćenog MINICHAL upitnika i hrvatsku verziju MASES ljestvice u razdoblju od prosinca 2022. do veljače 2023.
Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost trajanja hipertenzije kod ispitanika je 12 godina s interkvartilnim rasponom od 14 godina (IQR= 14,00-20,00 godina). Najveći broj ispitanika ima hipertenziju stupnja I (n=108). Za 30,75 puta je veći broj ispitanika koji smatraju kako je njihova hipertenzija pod kontrolom otkad piju lijekove te je ispitivanjem utvrđeno kako je riječ o statistički značajnoj većini (χ2=223,01; P<0,001). Značajni utjecaj na kvalitetu života ima konzumacija benzodiazepina; ispitanici koji ne konzumiraju benzodiazepine imaju bolju kvalitetu života od ispitanika koji ih ne konzumiraju (p<0,0001). Na samoučinkovitost uzimanja antihipertenzivne terapije najveću utjecaj ima zaposlenje; nezaposleni ispitanici pokazali su veću samoučinkovitost uzimanja lijekova od onih koji su zaposleni (p<0,0001). ). Ispitanici koji imaju hobi imaju za 0,11 bodova veću vrijednost na MASES skali te je ispitivanjem utvrđena prisutnost statistički značajne razlike (U=2,98; P=0,017), a ustanovljeno je kako starenjem pacijenata je prisutna tendencija rasta vrijednosti na MASES ljestvici (rho=0,32; P<0,001).
Zaključak: Samoučinkovitost uzimanja antihipertenzivne terapije nije povezana s kvalitetom života (p=0,228). Međutim, zaposleni pacijenti imaju bolju kvalitetu života (p=0,036), kao i pacijenti koji ne puše (p=0,035) i koji ne konzumiraju benzodiazepine (p<0,001). Većina ispitanika se pridržava uzimanja terapije, ali kod nekih skupina postoji veći statistički značaj. Tako se nezaposleni pacijenti više pridržavaju uzimanja terapije u odnosu na nezaposlene (p<0,001) i ispitanici s hobije također se više pridržavaju uzimanja terapije od onih koji nemaju hobi (p<0,001). Dob ne utječe na kvalitetu života, ali utječe na uzimanje antihipertenzivne terapije. Time, pacijenti staranjem imaju sve pozitivniju samoučinkovitost uzimanja antihipertenziva (p<0,0001).Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death today. It is considered that the quality of life in patients with hypertension is impaired.
Aim: To assess the quality of life of patients suffering from hypertension with regard to the self-efficacy of adherence to antihypertensive therapy.
Subject and methods: The research included 254 subjects who were diagnosed with hypertension and were treated in the general medicine office of Ivanka Dodig Bravić, MD. spec fam. med., The research was conducted with an anonymous survey in paper form, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Croatian version of the abbreviated MINICHAL questionnaire and the Croatian version of the MASES scale in the period from December 2022 to February 2023.
Results: The mean duration of hypertension in the subjects was 12 years with an interquartile range of 14 years (IQR= 14.00-20.00 years). The largest number of respondents have hypertension of the first degree (n=108). The number of respondents who believe that their hypertension is under control since taking medication is 30.75 times higher, and the survey determined that this is a statistically significant majority (χ2=223.01; P<0.001). The consumption of benzodiazepines has a significant impact on the quality of life; subjects who do not consume benzodiazepines have a better quality of life than subjects who do not consume them (p<0.0001). Employment has the greatest influence on the self-efficacy of taking antihypertensive therapy; unemployed respondents showed higher self-efficacy in taking medication than those who were employed (p<0.0001). ). Respondents who have a hobby have a 0.11 point higher value on the MASES scale, and the examination established the presence of a statistically significant difference (U=2.98; P=0.017), and it was established that as the patients get older, there is a tendency for the value on the MASES scale to increase ( rho=0.32; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Self-efficacy of taking antihypertensive therapy is not related to quality of life (p=0.228). However, employed patients have a better quality of life (p=0.036), as do patients who do not smoke (p=0.035) and do not consume benzodiazepines (p<0.001). The majority of subjects adhere to therapy, but in some groups there is a greater statistical significance. Thus, unemployed patients adhere more to taking therapy compared to unemployed patients (p<0.001) and subjects with a hobby also adhere more to taking therapy than those who do not have a hobby (p<0.001). Age does not affect the quality of life, but it does affect the taking of antihypertensive therapy. Thus, as patients get older, they have an increasingly positive self-efficacy in taking antihypertensive drugs (p<0.0001)
Activities of nurses in the prevention of stigmatization of psychiatric patients: a survey
No full textCilj: cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi stavove ispitanika opće populacije o psihijatrijskim bolesnicima i bolestima, obzirom na njihovu dob, spol, stupanj obrazovanja i na temelju jesu li zdravstveni radnici ili nisu.
Ispitanici i metode: uzorak u istraživanju su 334 ispitanika opće populacije. Za mjerni instrument je korišten anketni upitnik koji se odnosi na ispitivanje stavova o psihijatrijskim bolestima. Prvi dio upitnika se sastoji od varijabli koje se odnose na demografska obilježja ispitanika to jest dob,spol,stupanj obrazovanja i jesu li ispitanici zdravstveni radnici ili ne. Drugi dio sastoji se od 20 tvrdnji, a koje će ispitanici procjenjivati na Likertovoj ljestvici od 5 stupnjeva zaokruživanjem jedne znamenke kojom su iskazivali stupanj svog osobnog slaganja s navedenom česticom.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pružaju uvid u stavove populacije o psihijatrijskim bolestima i bolesnicima te ukazuju na razlike među različitim skupinama ispitanika. Stavovi opće populacije u ovom istraživanju su uglavnom pozitivni, za čak 16 od 20 varijabli. Zdravstveni djelatnici su manje stigmatizirali mentalne bolesnike u odnosu na opću populaciju. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika prema dobi i stupnju obrazovanja. Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika prema spolu, te su u četiri varijable od njih 20 žene imale otvorenije stavove prema psihijatrijskim bolesnicima.
Zaključci: Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između zdravstvenih i nezdravstvenih radnika, pri čemu su zdravstveni djelatnici pokazali pozitivnije stavove. Međutim, nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u stavovima prema psihijatrijskim bolestima temeljem stupnja obrazovanja, osim u jednoj varijabli. Ovi rezultati su u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima i ukazuju na važnost zdravstvenog obrazovanja u formiranju stavova prema psihijatrijskim bolestima i na ulogu medicinskog osoblja u smanjenju stigmatizacije psihijatrijskih bolesnika.Objective: the objective of this research is to determine the attitudes of respondents of the general population about psychiatric patients and diseases, considering their age, gender, level of education and based on whether they are health workers or not.
Respondents and methods: the sample in the study is 334 respondents from the general population. As a measuring instrument, a survey questionnaire was used, which refers to the examination of attitudes about psychiatric diseases. The first part of the questionnaire consists of variables related to the demographic characteristics of the respondents, that is, age, gender, level of education and whether the respondents are health workers or not. The second part consists of 20 statements, which the respondents will evaluate on a 5-point Likert scale by circling one digit with which they expressed their degree of personal agreement with the stated particle.
Results: The results of the research provide insight into the attitudes of the population about psychiatric diseases and patients and indicate differences between different groups of respondents. The attitudes of the general population in this survey are mostly positive, for as many as 16 out of 20 variables. Health workers stigmatized the mentally ill less than the general population. No statistically significant difference was found between respondents according to age and level of education. A statistically significant difference was found according to gender, and in four variables out of 20, women had more open attitudes towards psychiatric patients.
Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between health and non-health workers, with health workers showing more positive attitudes. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the attitudes towards psychiatric diseases based on the level of education, except in one variable. These results are consistent with previous research and indicate the importance of health education in the formation of attitudes towards psychiatric diseases and the role of medical staff in reducing the stigmatization of psychiatric patients
SPECIFIC INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL
No full textCilj ovoga rada je prikazati probleme ozljeda u nogometu te načine prevencije i zbrinjavanja nastalih ozljeda. Iako su dinamika i borbenost nogometa zaslužni za njegovu popularnost, upravo zbog njih dolazi do različitih ozljeda tijekom utakmica i treninga. Korištenjem različitih istraživanja kroz ovaj rad se pokušava ukazati na količinu ozljeda kroz određena razdoblja, vrstu ozljeda, ali i mjesta koja su najčešće pogođena tim ozljedama. Pretpostavlja se da se najveći broj ozljeda veže uz donje ekstremitete radi načina igre. Priprema nogometaša kroz treninge trebala bi biti usmjerena na mišićne skupine vezane za optimalnu funkciju donjih ekstremiteta. Trening nogometaša trebao bi sadržavati protokole koji imaju preventivnu ulogu kako bi se smanjila stopa ozljeda. Istraživanje UEFA-e kojim se na kraju rada prikazalo stvarno stanje ozljeda u određenim nogometnim sezonama, napravljeno je usporedbom 25 timova kod kojih se pratila prisutnost ozljeda, njihov način nastanka, mjesto nastanka, tip nastalih ozljeda te posljedice koje je ta ozljeda ostavila. Uspoređivana je izloženost nogometaša tijekom treninga i utakmice kako bi se pronašao što bolji način prevencije. Tijekom pisanja rada korištene su navedene baze podataka: PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate.The aim of this paper is to show the problems of injuries in football and the methods of prevention and treatment of the resulting injuries. Although the dynamism and combativeness of football are responsible for its popularity, it is precisely because of them that various injuries occur during matches and training. Through the summary of various researches, this paper tries to indicate the amount of injuries during certain periods, the type of injuries, but also the body parts that are often affected by these injuries. It is assumed that the majority of injuries are related to the lower extremities due to the way the game is played. Preparation of soccer players through training should be focused on muscle groups related to optimal function of the lower extremities. The training of soccer players should include protocols that have a preventive role in order to reduce the rate of injuries. UEFA's research, which is presented at the end of the paper showed the actual state of injuries in certain football seasons, was made by comparing 25 teams where the presence of injuries, their manner of occurrence, place of occurrence, type of injuries and the consequences of that injury were monitored. The exposure of football players during training and matches was compared in order to find the best possible way of prevention. During the writing of the paper, the following databases were used: PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate
Physiotherapy methods in the treatment of femoroactebular impingement - literature review
No full textOvaj rad napravljen je kao sustavni pregled literature unutar kojeg su identificirane i izdvojene dostupne studije o terapijskim, odnosno postoperativnim i rehabilitacijskim metodama koje se primjenjuju kod pacijenata s dijagnozom fermoroacetabularnog sraza. Cilj rada je ustanoviti postoperativne rehabilitacijske protokole i utvrditi stupanj učinkovitosti fizioterapeutskih metoda koje se primjenjuju u postoperativnom razdoblju nakon artroskopije kuka kod pacijenata s femoroacetabularnim srazom. Pretraga dostupnih članaka izvršena je na online platformama PubMed, Web of Science i Google Scholar, a za daljnju analizu odabrana su tri članka koji ukljuljučuju opise standardnih i specifičnih rehabilitacijskih protokola i tri randomizirane kontrolirane studije. Ustanovljeno je kako ne postoji usuglašen standardan rehabilitacijski protokol već on zavisi o brojnim čimbenicima, uključujući pravila ustanove u kojoj se rehabilitacija provodi, vještine, iskustvo i znanja fizioterapeuta i drugih tehničara te o zahtjevima i sposobnostima pacijenata. Učinkovitost specifičnih rehabilitacijskih protokola u kratkoročnom poboljšanju funkcionalnosti zgloba kuka kod pacijenata dokazana je u studijama, no ipak, pojedine studije ukazuju na to kako pacijenti koji su prošli rehabilitacijske vježbe i terapije pod nadzorom terapeuta i oni koji su u postoperativnom razdoblju samostalno provodili vježbe u obliku kućnih treninga, u konačnici imaju slične rezultate. Mjere ishoda za jedne i druge, nakon 24 tjedna od operacije bile su bez značajnijih razlika. No ipak, preporučuje se provodba većeg broja sličnih studija s većim uzorkom pacijenata kako bi potvrdio značaj i učinkovitost postojećih rehabilitacijskih protokola kod pacijenata s femoroacetabularnim srazom nakon artroskopije kuka.This thesis was made as a systematic literature review within which were identified and selected available studies on therapeutic, ie postoperative and rehabilitation methods used in patients diagnosed with fermoroacetabular impingement. The aim of this study is to establish postoperative rehabilitation protocols and determine the degree of effectiveness of physiotherapeutic methods used in the postoperative period after hip arthroscopy within patients with femoroacetabular impingement. A search of available articles was performed on the online platforms PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and for further analysis, three articles that include descriptions of standard and specific rehabilitation protocols and three randomized controlled studies were selected. It was found that there is no agreed standard rehabilitation protocol. It depends on a number of factors, including the rules of the institution where the rehabilitation is conducted, skills, experience and knowledge of physiotherapists and other technicians and the requirements and abilities of patients. The effectiveness of rehabilitation protocols in short-term improvement of hip joint function in patients has been proven in studies, however, it has been shown that patients who underwent rehabilitation exercises and therapies under the supervision of a therapist and those who performed exercises in the form of home training, finally have almost equal results. Outcome measures for both groups, 24 weeks after surgery, were without significant differences. However, further research with a larger sample of patients is recommended to confirm the importance and effectiveness of existing rehabilitation protocols in patients with femoroacetabular impingement after hip arthroscopy
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the burnout syndrome in the medical workers of the University Hospital Split
No full textCILJ: Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj COVID-19 pandemije na sindrom izgaranja u medicinskih djelatnika Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split.
METODE: Podatci su prikupljani putem anonimne ankete koja je ispitivala razinu sindroma izgaranja prema Upitniku intenziteta izgaranja autora Ajduković D. i Ajduković M. (1994.) te razinu anksioznosti prema Beck Anxiety Inventory autora Back AT., Epstein N., Brown G., i Steer RA. (1988.). Podatci su se prikupljali od siječnja do travnja 2023. godine u online obliku. Svaki ispitanik kojih je bilo 101 je bio upoznat sa ciljem istraživanja. Ispitanici su pristupali na dobrovoljnoj bazi i potpuno anonimno te su dobili informirani obrazac kroz koji su bili upoznati sa istraživanjem te su mogli odustati u bilo kojem trenutku.
REZULTATI: Ispitanici većeg ranog staža češće su imali osjećaj umora i iscrpljenosti nakon svakog radnog dana u RIC- (p=0,039). Međutim, ispitanici manjeg staža bili su značajno hladniji prema ljudima od kada su radili u Covid odjelu ili RIC-u (p=0.006). Nađeno je da su ispitanici sa sindromom izgaranja imali značajno češće traumatično iskustvo tijekom rada u Covid centru (p=0.049). Također dokazano je da su se ispitanici sa sindromom izgaranja osjećali umorno i iscrpljeno prije radnog dana u RIC-u (p=0.050)
Analizirajući odgovore subjektivne percepcije stresa u odnosu na funkciju u RIC-u nađeno je da su medicinske sestre značajno češće brinule jer nisu znale/li koliko se mogu pouzdati i osloniti na kolege na poslu za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 jer nisu bili sigurni u njihovo znanje i sposobnosti (p=0,005). Liječnici se značajno češće nisu mogli opustiti i ne misliti na posao nakon završetka rada u RIC-u (p=0,021).
ZAKLJUČAK: Iz dobivenih podataka ovog istraživanja možemo zaključiti da dužina rada u respiratornom centru nije utjecala na razvoj sindroma izgaranja. Odbijena je hipoteza da je ženski spol imao veću razinu stresa i sindroma izgaranja, oba spola imaju istu vjerojatnost za razvoj sindroma izgaranja. Ispitanici koji su razvili sindrom izgaranja su češće bili izloženi stresnim događajima u respiratornom centru. Istraživanje je dokazalo da su liječnici imali značajno veće sagorjevanje od medicinskih sestara/tehničara.AIM: The aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the burnout syndrome in medical workers of the Split Clinical Hospital Center.
METHODS: Data were collected through an anonymous survey that examined the level of burnout syndrome according to the Burnout Intensity Questionnaire by Ajduković D. and Ajduković M. (1994) and the level of anxiety according to the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) by Back AT., Epstein N., Brown. G., and Steer RA. (1988). The data was collected from January to April 2023 in online form. Each respondent which number was 101 was familiar with the aim of the research. Respondents participated on a voluntary basis and completely anonymously, and received an informed form through which they were informed about the research and could withdraw at any time. RESULTS: Respondents with greater work experience more often had a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion after each working day in RIC- (p=0.039). However, respondents with less work experience were significantly colder towards people since they worked in the Covid department or RIC (p=0.006). It was found that subjects with burnout syndrome had a significantly more frequent traumatic experience while working in the Covid center (p=0.049). It was also proven that subjects with burnout syndrome felt tired and exhausted before the working day in RIC (p=0.050). Analyzing the responses of the subjective perception of stress in relation to the function in the RIC, it was found that nurses worried significantly more often because they did not know how much they could trust and rely on colleagues at work during the COVID-19 pandemic because they were not sure of their knowledge and abilities (p=0.005). Doctors significantly more often could not relax and not think about work after finishing work in the RIC (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: From the obtained data of this research, we can conclude that the length of work in the respiratory center did not affect the development of burnout syndrome. The hypothesis was that the female gender had a higher level of stress and burnout syndrome but both sexes have the same probability of developing burnout syndrome. Respondents who developed burnout syndrome were more often exposed to stressful events in the respiratory center. The research proved that doctors had significantly higher burnout syndrome than nurses/technician
Interventional procedures guided by magnetic resonance imaging
No full textIntervencijska radiologija specijalizirana je grana medicine koja objedinjuje dijagnostičke i terapijske pristupe korištenjem naprednih slikovnih tehnika. Povijesni razvoj ovog područja ističe se revolucionarnom Seldingerovom tehnikom koju je uveo dr. Sven Ivar Seldinger 1953. godine koja je omogućila vaskularnu kateterizaciju i angiografiju . Sve je veći značaj intervencijske radiologije u modernoj zdravstvenoj skrbi s minimalno invazivnim postupcima, smanjenim komplikacijama i bržim oporavkom pacijenata.
Ovaj rad istražuje evoluciju intervencija pod kontrolom MR-a, prikazujući njihove mogućnosti kontinuirane vizualizacije i neposredne povratne informacije, podržane napretkom u tehnologiji snimanja i razvoju softvera. Intervencijski zahvati pod kontrolom MR-a postali su neprocjenjivi za dijagnosticiranje i liječenje različitih medicinskih stanja, nudeći vrhunske rezultate u usporedbi s tradicionalnim kirurškim metodama. Zahvaljujući intervencijskoj radiologiji, intervencije pod kontrolom MR-a omogućuju pružateljima zdravstvenih usluga da dijagnosticiraju i liječe medicinska stanja s neusporedivom preciznošću, smanjujući potrebu za invazivnim postupcima.
Tehnološkim napretkom intervencija pod kontrolom MR-a predviđa se njihova integracija kao ključnih alata u dijagnostici i liječenju različitih medicinskih stanja što ukazuje na obećavajuću budućnost u kojoj će primjena takvih zahvata postati raširenija i sofisticiranija.Interventional radiology is a specialized medicine that combines diagnostic and therapeutic approaches using advanced imaging techniques. The historical development of this area is highlighted by the revolutionary Seldinger technique introduced by Dr. Sven Ivar Seldinger in 1953, which enabled vascular catheterization and angiography. The importance of interventional radiology in modern health care is increasing with minimally invasive procedures, reduced complications and faster recovery of patients.
This paper explores the evolution of MR-guided interventions, demonstrating their continuous visualization and immediate feedback capabilities, supported by advances in imaging technology and software development. MR-guided interventional procedures have become invaluable for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions, offering superior results compared to traditional surgical methods. Thanks to interventional radiology, MR-guided interventions allow healthcare providers to diagnose and treat medical conditions with unparalleled precision, reducing the need for invasive procedures.
The technological progress of MR-controlled interventions predicts their integration as essential tools in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions, which indicates a promising future in which the application of such procedures will become more widespread and sophisticated
Nursing role in implementation of eras colorectal cancer surgery protocols
No full textKolorektalni karcinom označava malignu bolest koja najčešće uključuje kirurško liječenje.
Operativno liječenje bolesnika s karcinomom debelog crijeva unaprijeĎeno je uvoĎenjem protokola za ubrzani
oporavak nakon operacije (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery – ERAS). ERAS protokol obuhvaća skup
smjernica i postupaka koji se primjenjuju preoperativno, perioperativno i postoperativno s ciljem bržeg
oporavka, ali i optimalnog ishoda liječenja za bolesnika. Protokol ubrzanog oporavka nakon operacije
podrazumijeva multidisciplinarni pristup liječenju bolesnika u kojem sudjeluje velik broj zdravstvenih
stručnjaka te u kojem je sestrinska skrb od neosporne važnostiColorectal cancer is a malignant disease that usually involves surgical treatment. Operative
treatment of patients with colon cancer has been improved with the introduction of the Enhanced Recovery
After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. The ERAS protocol includes a set of guidelines and procedures that are
applied preoperatively, perioperatively, and postoperatively with the aim of faster recovery and optimal
treatment outcomes for the patient. The protocol of accelerated recovery after surgery implies a
multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients in which a large number of health professionals
participate and in which nursing care is of indisputable importance
Impact of "low dose" CT radiation on the human body: systematic literature review
No full textSamim tehnološkim napretkom došli smo do velikog broja inovativnih i korisnih metoda u korištenju kompjutorizirane tomografije. Suvremenu upotrebu niskodoznog CT-a (low dose CT, LDCT), kako u odrasloj tako i u dječjoj dobi, smatramo zlatnim standardom zbog vrlo širokog spektra različitih indikacija. Unatoč širokoj primjeni CT dijagnostike danas, prije 17 godina razmišljalo se čak i o ukidanju samog CT pregleda pod kampanjom “Image Gently”, koja je inicirana od strane pedijatrijskih radiologa 2006. godine, te zamjenom s ultrazvučnim pregledom (UZV) odnosno magnetskom rezonancom (MR) kao metodama izbora dijagnostike kod djece. No, samu kampanju zaustavio je razvoj i usvajanje Flash CT tehnike koja osim što samo vrijeme snimanja čini kraćim, smanjuje i dozu zračenja. Uz naveden razlog nastavka korištenja CT-a, u korist spomenutom pregledu idu i hitne kliničke indikacije koje zahtijevaju CT preglede te neprestano izlaganje određenoj pozadinskoj količini ionizirajućeg zračenja, neovisno radi li se o djeci ili odraslima. S te strane, današnja praksa sve češće preporučuje upotrebu LDCT-a, gdje je protokol svakome pacijentu individualno prilagođen s najmanjom mogućom dozom ionizirajućeg zračenja uz dostatnu kvalitetu dobivenih snimaka.
Svakodnevno korištenje LDCT-a u praksi također postavlja brojna pitanja o njegovoj štetnosti i utjecaju. Pronalazimo različita mišljenja unutar same znanstvene zajednice o povezanosti LDCT-a i razvoju karcinoma, stoga je iznimno važno razmotriti populaciju uključenu u istraživanje, karakteristike samog zračenja i različite dijelove tijela izloženima zračenju prije primjene samog zračenja s ciljem osiguranja da je korišteno znanje znanstveno utemeljeno i razumno. Usprkos doista velikom broj provedenih istraživanja koja zagovaraju korištenje LDCT-a, postoje i drugačija mišljenja o korištenju i posljedicama LDCT-a s kojom nisu upoznati svi profesionalci koji svakodnevno u praksi koriste CT kao metodu izbora.Through technological progress alone, we have come up with a large number of advanced and useful methods in the use of CT devices. We consider the modern use of low-dose CT (LDCT), both in adults and in children, to be the gold standard due to a very wide range of different indications. Despite the widespread use of CT diagnostics today, 17 years ago there was an idea of abolishing the CT examination itself under the “Image Gently” campaign, which was initiated by pediatric radiologists in 2006, and replacing it with an ultrasound examination or magnetic resonance imaging as a choice of diagnostic methods for children. However, the campaign itself was stopped by the development and adoption of the Flash CT technique, which, in addition to shortening the imaging time, also reduces the radiation dose. In addition to the aforementioned reason for the sustained utilization of CT, urgent clinical imperatives that require CT examinations and ongoing exposure to varying degrees of background ionizing radiation are also beneficial to the mentioned examination, irrespective of whether the patient demographic is pediatric or adult. On the other hand, contemporary medical practice increasingly endorses the usage of LDCT, where the imaging protocol is custom-tailored to each patient, with the primary objective being the minimization of ionizing radiation dosage while maintaining image quality.
The daily use of LDCT in practice also raises numerous questions about its harmfulness and impact. Different viewpoints within the scientific community regarding the connection between LDCT and cancer development are indeed well-founded. Therefore, when contemplating the application of ionizing radiation in clinical contexts, it becomes essential to meticulously account for key variables, including the specific population under research, the characteristics of the radiation employed, and the anatomical regions subjected to radiation in order to insure the adherence to a scientifically grounded and rational approach. Despite the large number of conducted studies advocating the use of LDCT, there are also different opinions about the use and consequences of LDCT, with which not all professionals who use CT as the method of choice in daily practice are familiar
Determinants of COVID Vaccination Willingness among Health and Non-Health Studies Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textStudents, as a relatively health-informed population group, may still have limitations in health literacy, which is a concern as students take increasing responsibility for their health and make independent health decisions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall attitudes towards COVID vaccination among university students and to investigate various factors contributing to vaccination willingness among health and non-health studies students. A total of 752 students from the University of Split were included in this cross-sectional study and completed a questionnaire that consisted of three sections: socio-demographic data, health status information, and information on vaccination against COVID-19. Results show that the majority of students of health and natural sciences were willing to be vaccinated, but the majority of students of social sciences were not (p < 0.001). Students who used credible sources of information had a more significant proportion of those willing to be vaccinated and the majority of students who used less credible sources (79%) or did not think about it (68.8%) were unwilling to be vaccinated (p < 0.001). Multiple binary logistic regression modeling shows that female gender, younger age, studying social sciences, negative opinion about the need to reintroduce lockdown and the effectiveness of epidemiological measures, and usage of less credible sources of information were the most important factors contributing to increased vaccination hesitancy. Therefore, improving health literacy and restoring trust in relevant institutions can be critical in health promotion and COVID-19 prevention
The role of the nurse in the health care of a newborn with extremely low birth weight - case report
No full textMuško nedonošče porođajne mase od 755 g rođeno je kao prvi dvojak u 24+3 gestacijskom tjednu zbog prsnuća plodovih ovoja. Niskog Apgar skora (5/5) po rođenju uspješno je održano na životu. Za vrijeme boravka u inkubatoru na Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja spojeno je na mehaničku ventilaciju, a potom na neinvazivnu respiratornu potporu. U početku je hranjeno nazogastričnom sondom, te se uspostavlja hranjenje putem podoja. Zbog nezrelosti cijelog organizma na intenzivnom liječenju je zadržano 66 dana, te se otpušta kući sa tjelesnom težinom od 4200 grama Cijeli medicinski tim, koji uključuje i medicinske sestre /tehničare neumorno se brinuo o nedonoščetu.A male premature newborn with a birth weight of 755 g was born as the first twin at 24+3 gestational weeks due to the rupture of the amniotic membranes. Having a low Apgar score at birth (5/5), the child was successfully kept alive. During his stay in the incubator at the Intensive Care Unit, he was connected to mechanical ventilation, and then to non-invasive respiratory support. Initially, he was fed through a nasogastric tube, and later breastfeeding was established. Due to the immaturity of the entire organism, he was kept in intensive care for 66 days, and was discharged home with a body weight of 4200 grams. The entire medical team, including nurses/technicians, tirelessly took care of the premature baby