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Advanced CT methods for radiation dose reduction and image quality optimization in pediatric radiology
No full textOvaj diplomski rad je prikaz različitih metoda u kompjuteriziranoj tomografiji koje se koriste u svrhu
redukcije doze zračenja i optimizacije kvalietete slike u pedijatrijskoj radiologiji. Brojne studije su dokazale
štetnost ionizirajućeg zračenja u djetinjstvu koje može utjecati na nastanak malignih bolesti u odrasloj dobi.
Razvojem tehnologije u medicini nastali su niskodozni CT protokoli koji su pokazali mogućnost zadovoljavanja
navedenih kriterija.
Naprednim radiološkim metodama poput kolimacije snopa, mogućnosti automatske kontrole ekspozicije, odabira
sklopivih detektora te automatske cijevi koje pružaju noviji CT uređaji, omogućeno je niskovoltažno snimanje
koje je najsigurnije i najučinkovitije za djecu te se prilagođava snimanju različitih anatomskih regija. U radu je
istaknuta važnost ispravne komunikacije s djecom koja također doprinosi optimizaciji kvalitete snimanja i
smanjenju doze ionizirajućeg zračenja.This thesis is a presentation of different methods computerized tomography that are used for the
purpose of reducing radiation dose and optimizing image quality in pediatric radiology. . Numerous studies have
proven the harmfulness of ionizing radiation in childhood, which can affect the development of malignant diseases
in adulthood. With the development of technology in medicine, low-dose CT devices were created that showed
the possibility of meeting the above criteria.
Advanced radiological methods such as beam collimation, the possibility of automatic exposure control, the
selection of collapsible detectors and automatic tubes provided by newer CT devices, low-voltage imaging that is
the safest and most effective for children and is adapted to imaging different anatomical regions. The paper
highlights the importance of proper communication with children, which also contributes to optimizing the quality
of imaging and reducing the dose of ionizing radiation
Automatic detection of lumbar spine disc herniation on MRI based on deep learning
No full textBol u donjem dijelu kralježnice jedan je od najčešćih razloga odlaska liječniku, ali i veliki javnozdravstveni problem, uzevši u obzir da je najčešći uzrok radne onesposobljenosti i potraživanja bolovanja. To se obično događa zbog degeneracije intervertebralnih diskova, a jedan od vodećih uzroka je, svakako, hernija diska koja je stavljena u fokus rada. Magnetna rezonancija (MR) je trenutno najoptimalnija dijagnostička metoda za vizualizaciju i dijagnosticiranje patoloških stanja, ali ona istovremeno postavlja visoke zahtjeve kliničkim radiolozima. Automatizirano očitavanje MR snimki kralježnice moglo bi uvelike poboljšati brzinu, točnost, preciznost i financijsku isplativost zdravstvenom sustavu, a pacijentu pružiti pravovremenu dijagnozu i ubrzati proces liječenja te smanjiti duge liste čekanja na pretrage.Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for going to the doctor, but also a major public health problem, considering that is the most common cause of work disability and claims of sick leave. This usually happens due to degeneration of intervertebral discs, and one of the leading causes is, certainly, a herniated disc, which is put into focus of the work. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most optimal diagnostic method for visualizing and diagnosing pathological conditions, but at the same time it places high demands on clinical radiologists. Automated MRI readings of the spine could greatly improve the speed, accuracy, precision and financial viability of the health care system, while providing the patient with
timely diagnosis, speeding up the treatment process and reducing long waiting lists for tests
Zdravstvena njega Covid -19 bolesnika na venovenskoj izvantjelesnoj membranskoj oksigenaciji (VV ECMO-u)
No full textECMO (ekstrakorporalna membranska oksigenacija) sve se više koristi za bolesnike s teškim respiratornim zatajenjem i dobila je posebnu pozornost tijekom pandemije koronavirusne bolesti 2019 (COVID-19). Tijekom pandemije pojavili su se novi dokazi koji pomažu da se bolje definira uloga ECMO-a za bolesnike s COVID-19. Poznati čimbenici rizika za smrtnost kod pacijenata s COVID-19 i onih koji nisu oboljeli od COVID-19 su viša dob pacijenata, zatajenja drugih organa ili maligne bolesti, produljena mehanička ventilacija prije ECMO-a, manje iskusni timovi za liječenje i manji broj ECMO slučajeva. ECMO je opcija podrške koja jako ovisi o resursima. Medicinske sestre suočile su se s brojnim preprekama tijekom pandemije. Utjecaj pandemije i njezini jedinstveni izazovi na medicinsko osoblje zahtijevaju daljnje istraživanje.ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) is increasingly being used for patients with severe respiratory failure and has received particular attention during the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. During the pandemic, new evidence helping to define better the role of ECMO for patients with COVID-19 emerged. Known risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19 included older patient age, other organs failure, malignancy, prolonged mechanical ventilation used before ECMO, less experienced treatment teams, and fewer number of ECMO cases. ECMO is a highly resource-dependent support option. Nurses had to face numerous obstacles during the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic and its unique challenges on medical personnel request further investigation
The importance of nursing care in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation
No full textAtrijska fibrilacija je najčešći aritmološki poremećaj srca koji karakterizira nepravilan i brz ritam kontrakcija
atrija. To može dovesti do ozbiljnih komplikacija, uključujući moždani udar i srčane bolesti. Zbrinjavanje atrijske
fibilacije zahtijeva multidisciplinarni pristup, a medicinske sestre igraju ključnu ulogu u liječenju bolesnika. Uloga
medicinske sestre uključuje edukaciju bolesnika o njihovoj bolesti, rizičnim čimbenicima i terapiji, pomažući im u
razumijevanju atrijske fibrilacije. Također, medicinske sestre redovito prate vitalne znakove pacijenata, učinkovitost
terapije i nuspojave lijekova kako bi osigurale sigurnost i dobrobit bolesnika. Pružaju emocionalnu podršku i pomažu
bolesnicima u suočavanju s izazovima bolesti te ih potiču na pridržavanje preventivnih mjera i promociju zdravog
načina života. U timskom okruženju, surađuju s liječnicima i drugim zdravstvenim radnicima kako bi osigurale
sveobuhvatan pristup liječenju atrijske fibrilacije. Sestrinska skrb je ključna za poboljšanje kvalitete života bolesnika
s atrijskom fibrilacijom, smanjenje rizika od komplikacija i postizanje optimalnih terapijskih ishoda. Njezina
sveobuhvatna priroda, uključujući edukaciju, praćenje, podršku i suradnju u timskom okruženju, čini je nezamjenjivim
dijelom skrbi za ove bolesnikeAtrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmological heart disorder characterized by an irregular and
rapid rhythm of atrial contractions. This can lead to serious complications, including stroke and heart disease.
Management of atrial fibrillation requires a multidisciplinary approach, and nurses play a key role in the treatment of
patients. The nurse's role includes educating patients about their disease, risk factors, and therapy, helping them
understand atrial fibrillation. Also, nurses regularly monitor patients' vital signs, therapy effectiveness, and medication
side effects to ensure patient safety and well-being. They provide emotional support and help patients face the
challenges of the disease, and encourage them to adhere to preventive measures and promote a healthy lifestyle. In a
team environment, they collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals to provide a comprehensive
approach to atrial fibrillation treatment. Nursing care is essential for improving the quality of life of patients with atrial
fibrillation, reducing the risk of complications and achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Its comprehensive nature,
including education, monitoring, support and collaboration in a team environment, makes it an indispensable part of
the care for these patient
Vaccination against COVID-19 in Split- Dalmatia County from 2020 to 2022
No full textOsobe s invaliditetom odnosno osobe s posebnim potrebama često su kroz povijest bile izložene diskriminaciji, zlostavljanju, izolaciji te drugim oblicima neprihvatljivog ponašanja, što je rezultiralo njihovim neprimjerenim tretmanom. Danas se dugotrajna skrb osoba s mentalnom retardacijom temelji na uslugama Centra za rehabilitaciju od kojih je osobito tražen smještaj korisnika kako bi im se pružila stalna zdravstvena njega i skrb koja im je nužna. Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati rad Centra za rehabilitaciju osoba s posebnim potrebama te prikazati promjene u zdravstvenim potrebama korisnika Centra za rehabilitaciju “Mir” u razdoblju od 2016. do 2022. godine. Utvrđene promjene u potrebama za zdravstvenoj njezi mogu se tumačiti kao rezultat pandemije, starenja populacije korisnika i/ili promjena u kvaliteti pružene zdravstvene njege. Ono što je proizašlo iz istraživanja je da zdravstvenih djelatnika nedostaje jer je nemoguće zadržati kvalitetu pružene skrbi i njege uz jednaki broj djelatnika i istovremeni porast potreba korisnika.People with disabilities or people with special needs have often throughout history been exposed to discrimination, abuse, isolation and other forms of unacceptable behavior, which resulted in their inappropriate treatment. Today, the long-term care of people with mental retardation is based on the services of the Rehabilitation Center, which is especially requested to show the work of the Center for the Rehabilitation of Persons with Special Needs and to show the changes in the health needs of the users of the Rehabilitation Center "Mir" in the period from 2016 to 2022. Determined changes in health care needs can be interpreted as a result of the pandemic, the aging of the user population and/or changes in the quality of the health care provided. What emerged from the research is that there is a shortage of healthcare professionals because it is impossible to maintain the quality of the care provided with the same number of employees and the simultaneous increase in user need
Fractures of the distal forearm in children - role of the physiotherapist and case report
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja je demonstrirati pristup liječenju prijeloma distalne podlaktice kod djece, istražiti komplikacije koje mogu nastati te obraditi proces rehabilitacije u takvim slučajevima. U radu je prikazan slučaj djeteta s prijelomom distalne podlaktice uzrokovanom padom, koji je zahtijevao kirurški zahvat i naknadnu fizikalnu terapiju. Liječenje ovakvih prijeloma zahtijeva suradnju različitih stručnjaka kao što su kirurg, medicinska sestra/tehničar, fizijatar i fizioterapeut. U radu su opisane metode, planovi i postupci koji su bitni za pružanje visokokvalitetne skrbi djetetu te omogućavanje bržeg i uspješnijeg oporavka.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate an approach to treating distal forearm fractures in children, explore potential complications, and address the rehabilitation process in such cases. The paper presents a case of a child with a distal forearm fracture caused by a fall, which required surgical intervention and subsequent physical therapy. The treatment of such fractures involves collaboration among various experts such as surgeons, nurses/technicians, physiatrists, and physiotherapists. The paper describes methods, plans, and procedures that are essential for providing high-quality care to the child and enabling a faster and more successful recovery
Nursing problems after appendectomy in children
No full textOperacija slijepog crijeva jedna je od najčešćih kirurških zahvata u dječjoj populaciji. Upala slijepog crijeva kod djece često se manifestira abdominalnom boli, mučninom, povraćanjem i povišenom temperaturom.
Planovi zdravstvene njege za svako dijete se izrađuje posebno, na osnovnu utvrđenih potreba. Sestrinski problemi s kojima se djeca susreću nakon operacije slijepog crijeva zahtijevaju pažljivu procjenu, brigu i podršku medicinskih sestara. Sestrinske dijagnoze obuhvaćaju analizu simptoma i rizika, dok su sestrinske intervencije usmjerene na olakšavanje ovih problema. Sestrinsko-medicinski problemi zahtijevaju pravodobnu procjenu i intervencije kako bi se spriječile ozbiljne posljedice. Od izuzetne je važnosti da medicinska sestra na vrijeme uoči nastale komplikacije kako bi se mogle rješavati. Zdravstvena skrb kod otpusta djeteta umjerena je na odmor, prehranu, izbjegavanje fizičkih aktivnosti i praćenje simptoma.
Dakle, uloga medicinske sestre ključna je u postoperativnom razdoblju za podršku, prevenciju problema i pružanje njege zbog uspješnog oporavka djeteta.Appendextomy is one of the most common surgical procedure in the pediatric population Appendicitis in children is often manifested by abominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.
Health care plans for each child are made separately, based on established needs. Nursing issues that children face after appendectomy require careful assessment, care and support from nurses. Nursing diagnoses include the analysis of symptoms and risks, while nursing intervetions are aimed at alleviating these problems. Nursing-medical problems require timely assessment and intervetions to prevent serious consequences. Iti s extremely important for the nurses to spot complications in the time so that they can be dealt with. Healt care upon discharge of the child is limited to rest, nutrition, avoiding physical activities and monitoring symptoms.
So, the role of the nurse is crucial in the postoperative period for support, prevention of problems and provison of care for the successful recovery of the child
Educational significance of nurses/technicians in the family medicine team
No full textSažetak: Obiteljska je medicina opsežna praksa koja ima za svrhu pružanje primarne zdravstvene skrbi pacijentima
svih dobnih skupina, a medicinska sestre i tehničari neizostavni su članovi tog tima. Jedan od ključnih aspekata
uloge medicinske sestre / tehničara je educiranje pacijenata o prevenciji bolesti, održavanju zdravlja i upravljanju
kroničnim stanjima. Oni pružaju informacije o zdravom načinu života, prehrani, tjelesnoj aktivnosti i pravilnoj
primjeni lijekova. Kroz individualne konzultacije, grupne radionice i javnozdravstvene kampanje, medicinska
sestra / tehničar osnažuje pacijente da preuzmu aktivnu ulogu u brizi o vlastitom zdravlju.Family medicine is a comprehensive practice aimed at providing primary healthcare to patients of all
age groups, and nurses are indispensable members of that team. One of the key aspects of the role of nurses is
educating patients about disease prevention, maintaining health, and managing chronic conditions. They provide
information on healthy lifestyle, nutrition, physical activity, and proper medication usage. Through individual
consultations, group workshops, and public health campaigns, nurses empower patients to take an active role in
their own healthcare
Nursing care after radical prostatectomy
No full textKarcinom prostate je zloćudni tumor koji potječe od samih stanica prostate i jedan je od najvarijabilnijih tumora današnjice. Najčešće raste neprimjetno, ograničen samo na žlijezdu, međutim postoje i agresivniji tipovi. Agresivnost raka prostate mjerimo Gleason score ljestvicom nakon urađene biopsije. Metastaziraju upravo agresivni tumori i najčešća sijela su: kosti, pluća i jetra. To je 2. najčešći zloćudni tumor u Hrvatskoj. Najčešće obolijevaju muškarci od 70-74 godine. Rak prostate se najčešće liječi operativno, i to ukoliko nije metastazirao. Takva operacija se naziva radikalna prostatektomija, a oporavak je psihofizički iscrpljujući za pacijenta. Medicinske sestre imaju veliku ulogu u postoperativnom razdoblju kod pacijenata koji su bili na radikalnoj operaciji prostate. Osobe koje se tek susreću sa dijagnozom su u stanju šoka, potištene, često im padaju na pamet i suicidalne misli, u nevjerici su, nije im jasno zašto se to dogodilo baš njima, stoga skrb za pacijenta započinje već postavljanjem dijagnoze, a ne samo postoperativno.Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from the prostate cells themselves and is one of the most variable tumors today. Most often it grows imperceptibly, limited only to the gland, however there are also more aggressive types. The aggressiveness of prostate cancer is measured by the Gleason score scale after the biopsy. It is aggressive tumors that metastasize and the most common sites are: bones, lungs and liver. It is the 2nd most common malignant tumor in Croatia. Men aged 70-74 are most often affected. Prostate cancer is most often treated surgically, if it has not metastasized. Such an operation is called a radical prostatectomy, and recovery is psychologically and physically exhausting for the patient. Nurses play a major role in the postoperative period for patients who have undergone radical prostate surgery. People who are newly diagnosed are in a state of shock, depressed, suicidal thoughts often come to their mind, they are in disbelief, they don't understand why this happened to them, so patient care begins with the diagnosis, not just postoperatively
The role of the nurse educator in knowledge of the mechanism of action and side effects of oral antihiperglycemics
No full text: Šećerna bolest kronični je poremećaj metabolizma ugljikohidrata, masti i bjelančevina zbog apsolutnog ili relativnog nedostatka inzulina. Karakterizira je povišena razina glukoze u krvi, stoga je regulacija glukoze u krvi temelj liječenja šećerne bolesti. Oralni antihiperglikemici koriste se u liječenju šećerne bolesti tipa 2 kada higijensko dijetetske mjere, uz edukaciju i samokontrolu bolesti, ne mogu postići zadovoljavajuću razinu glukoze u krvi. Medicinske sestre edukatori trebaju dobro poznavati vrste oralnih antihiperglikemika, njihov osnovni mehanizam djelovanja i nuspojave, kako bi na vrijeme mogle prepoznati eventualne nuspojave i upozoriti liječnika. Iz navedenog zaključujemo kako je uloga medicinske sestre edukatora iznimno važna za dobrobit bolesnika.Diabetes is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin. It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, making the regulation of blood glucose the fundamental principle in diabetes treatment. Oral antihyperglycemics are used in the management of type 2 diabetes when adequate blood glucose levels cannot be achieved through basic treatment principles (including dietary and hygienic measures with patient education and self-monitoring). Nurse educators should have a good understanding of the types of oral antihyperglycemic agents, their basic mechanism of action, and side effects, enabling them to identify potential side effects promptly and alert the physician. From the above, we can conclude that the role of nurse educators is of utmost importance for the patient's well-being