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Significance of oral swab sample analysis in periodontitis treatment
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog rada je prikazati značaj otkrivanja parodontopatogenih bakterija pomoću različitih metoda iz
uzorka brisa usne šupljine kod pacijenata s parodontitisom radi primjene terapije u njihovu liječenju.
Materijal i metode: Materijal koji se koristi za analizu je subgingivalni plak. Otkrivanje bakterija radi se pomoću
različitih metoda: kultivacija bakterijske kulture, komercijalno dostupnim kitovima i Real-time PCR-om.
Rezultati: Rezultati bakterijske kulture iskazuju se u obliku CFU/ml, a rezultati komercijalnog kita iskazuju
kvalitativan rezultat od 0 do +++. Real-time PCR-om se osim kvalitativnog može dobiti i semikvantitativan rezultat.
Zaključak: Otkrivanje parodontopatogenih bakterija kod pacijenata s parodontitisom je važno radi određivanja
točne terapije. Prisutnost bakterija utvrđujemo kultivacijom bakterijske kulture iz subgingivalnog uzorka, ali to je spora
metoda, stoga danas se sve više koriste komercijalni kitovi ili Real-time PCR metoda kojima puno brže i preciznije
dolazimo do rezultata, a time i pacijent prije do terapije.Objectives: The objective of this paper is to show the importance of the detection of periodontopathogenic
bacteria using different methods from the oral swab samples in patients with periodontitis for the purpose of applying
therapy in their treatment.
Material and methods: The material used for analysis is subgingival plaque. The detection of bacteria is done
using different methods: bacterial culture cultivation, commercially available kits and Real-time PCR.
Results: The results of the bacterial culture are reported in the form of CFU/ml and the results of the commercial
kit show a qualitative result from 0 to +++. With real-time PCR, in addition to a qualitative result, a semi-quantitative
result can also be obtained.
Conclusion: Detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients with periodontitis is important to determine
the correct therapy. We determine the presence of bacteria by culturing a bacterial culture from a subgingival sample,
but this is a slow method, so today commercial kits or Real-time PCR methods are used more and more, with which
we get results much faster and more precisely, and thus the patient gets the therapy sooner
The role of non-invasive ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress, our experiences.
No full textSindrom respiratornog distresa, skraćeno RDS, nastaje zbog manjka surfaktanta i plućne nezrelosti. Najčešće se javlja kod prijevremeno rođene djece, odnosno nedonoščadi. Tahipneja i hipopneja su prvi simptomi koji se uoče, a dijagnoza se postavlja na osnovu kliničke slike, laboratorijskih nalaza te rendgenske slike srca i pluća. Dosada se u liječenju RDS-a primjenjivala endotrahealna intubacija i mehanička ventilacija, međutim prema novijim smjernicama zlatni standard u liječenju postaje primjena neinvazivne ventilacije s naglaskom na nazalni kontinuirani pozitivni tlak u dišnim putovima (nCPAP). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikazati koliko će novorođenčad s dijagnozom RDS i njihovim perinatalnim podatcima (porodna duljina i težina, gestacijska dob, spol i APGAR indeks) provesti vremena na neinvazivnoj ventilaciji. Istraživanje je uključivalo 113 novorođenčadi, a korišteni su podatci iz Protokola Zavoda za neonatologiju.Respiratory distress syndrome, abbreviated RDS, is caused by surfactant deficiency and pulmonary immaturity. It most commonly appears in preterm infants. Tachypnea and hypopnea are the first symptoms to be noticed, and the diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture, laboratory findings and X-ray of the heart and lungs. Until now, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were used in the treatment of RDS, however, according to recent guidelines, the gold standard in treatment is the use of non-invasive ventilation with an emphasis on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). The aim of this research was to show how much time newborns diagnosed with RDS along with their perinatal data (birth length and weight, gestational age, gender and APGAR index) would spend on non-invasive ventilation. The research included 113 newborns, and data from the Protocol of the Institute of Neonatology were used
Case presentation of a patient with polytrauma
No full textCILJ: Cilj završnog rada je prikazati kompleksnost skrbi politraumatiziranog bolesnika, kao i provedene postupke medicinskog tima u kojem medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu. U radu će biti prikazan slučaj politraumatiziranog bolesnika od dolaska na Objedinjeni hitni bolnički prijem, zbrinjavanja u operacijskoj dvorani, potom Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja i na Odjelu kirurške intenzivne njege.
RASPRAVA: Bolesnica P.B., rođena 1949. godine, dovezena je na OHBP u popodnevnim satima kao sudionica prometne nesreće u ulozi pješaka. Prilikom prelaska ceste, na mjestu nepredviđenom za pješake, udario ju je motocikl. Pri dolasku na OHBP pacijentica je bila nekontaktibilna, reagirala samo na bolni podražaj, nepokretna, afebrilna, tahipnoična, blijeda, bolna, GCS 9, trijažne kategorije dva. Po dolasku na OHBP i u op. sali zbrinute su ozljede krvnih žila te otvoreni i zatvoreni prijelomi ekstremiteta osteosintezom, reponiranjem, postavljenjem vanjskih fiksatora i sadrene imobilizacije. Prijelomi su predstavljali najveću opasnost po život pacijentice uz hemodinamsku nestabilnost (traumatski i hipovolemični šok). Devetodnevno liječenje u JILu bilo je uspješno uz primjenu raznovrsnih lijekova, medicinsko- tehničkih postupaka te liječničke i sestrinske skrbi. U tom vremenskom razdoblju izvršena je reoperacija (osteosinteza desnog femura i prefiksacija lijevog). Plastični kirurg zbrinuo je ozljede mekih tkiva. Operacijski zahvat i postoperativni oporavak protekli su bez poteškoća. Pacijentica je ubrzo prebačena na OKINJ, a nedugo zatim na Odjel za opću i gerijatrijsku ortopediju i traumatologiju.
ZAKLJUČAK: Politrauma je jedna od najučestalijih vrsta ozljeda današnjeg doba. Postoji mnoštvo literature koja opisuje definicije, mehanizme nastanka i prikaze slučaja politrauma. Dio te literature su i ljestvice za procjenu težine i klasifikacije politraume koje uvelike olakšavaju njeno zbrinjavanje posebno u vanbolničkim uvjetima gdje je bitan čimbenik vrijeme.AIM OF THE STUDY: The goal of the final paper is to show the complexity of the care of a polytraumatized patient, as well as the procedures performed by the medical team in which the nurse plays an important role. The paper will present the case of a polytraumatized patient from the time he arrived at the Emergency Department until treatment in the operating room, then the Intensive Care Unit and the Surgical Intensive Care Department.
DISCUSSION: Patient P.B., born in 1949, was brought to ER in the afternoon as a participant in a traffic accident as a foot passenger. While crossing the road, in a place not intended for pedestrians, she was hit by a motorcycle. On arrival at the ER, the patient was uncommunicative, reacted only to painful stimulation, immobile, afebrile, tachypneic, pale, painful, GCS 9, triage category two. Upon arrival at ER and in operation room, blood vessel injuries were treated. Open and closed limb fractures are treated with osteosynthesis, repositioning, placement of external fixators and plaster immobilization. Fractures were the greatest danger to the patient's life along with hemodynamic instability (traumatic and hypovolemic shock). The nine-day treatment in the ICU was successful with the use of various drugs, medical-technical procedures and medical and nursing care. In that time period, a reoperation was performed, osteosynthesis of the right femur and prefixation of the left femur. Plastic surgeon took care of damaged soft tissues. The operation and post-operative recovery were successful. The patient was soon transferred to Surgical ICU, and then to the Department of General and Geriatric Orthopedics and Traumatology.
CONCLUSION: Polytrauma is one of the most common types of injuries nowdays. There is a wealth of literature that describes definitions, mechanisms of occurrence and case reports of polytrauma. Futhermore, scales for assessing the severity and classification of polytrauma are also part of this literature, which greatly facilitate its management, especially in outpatient settings where time is an important factor
Asessment of muscle function in elderly people
No full text: Starenje je prirodan i nezaustavljiv proces koji zahvaća svakog čovjeka. Uzrokovan je raznim čimbenicima koji ostavljaju veće ili manje posljedice na ljudski organizam, a karakterizira ga slabljenje funkcije svih organskih sustava. Fizioterapija se bavi promjenama koje zahvaćaju mišićno-koštani sustav, poput smanjenja gustoće gostiju, smanjenja fleksibilnosti u zglobovima i elastičnosti u tetivama te gubitka mišićne mase. Te promjene mogu biti ubrzane nekim patološkim stanjima kao što su bolesti i ozljede. Fizioterapija djeluje u svrhu prevencije i suzbijanja takvih stanja te nastoji osigurati pacijentovu samostalnost i funkcionalnost. Početni korak u svakom fizioterapijskom djelovanju je fizioterapijska procjena. Ona se sastoji od raznih mjerenja, upitnika i testova čiji rezultati se na kraju sintetiziraju i analiziraju te se sukladno njima određuje plan terapije. Fizioterapeut određuje koja mjerenja, upitnike i testove će koristiti sukladno pacijentovoj dijagnozi i svojoj procjeni njegova stanja i mogućnosti. U ovom radu proučit će se fizioterapijska procjena kod starijih ljudi, odnosno kako se ona provodi, na koji način se skupljaju i analiziraju podaci te koja je njezina važnost u provođenju terapije.Aging is a natural and unstoppable process that affects every human being. It is caused by various factors that leave larger or smaller consequences on the human body and is characterized by the weakening of the function of all organic systems. Physiotherapy deals with changes affecing the musculoskeletal system, such as reducing the density of bones, reducing flexibility in joints, elasticity of tendons and loss of muscle mass. These changes can be accelerated by some pathological conditions such as diseases and injuries. Physiotherapy works to prevent and suppress such conditions and strives to ensure the patient's independence and functionality. The initial step in any physiotherapy intervention is a physiotherapy assessment. It consists of various measurements, questionnaires and tests, the results of which are synthesized and analyzed at the end, and a therapy plan is determined accordingly. The physiotherapist determines which measurements, questionnaires and tests he will use according to the patient's diagnosis and his assessment of his condition and possibilities. In this paper, the physiotherapy assessment of elderly people will be studied, that is, how it is carried out, how data is collected and analyzed, and what is its importance in the implementation of therapy
THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF HIPPOTHERAPY ON GAIT AND BALANCE REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE - LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textCilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj hipoterapije na rehabilitaciju funkcionalnosti hoda i
balansa kod osoba oboljelih od moždanog udara.
Metode. Istraživanja su prikupljena pretraživanjem PubMed, PEDro i Cochrane Central baza podataka, koristeći
kombinaciju riječi: „hippotheraphy“, „horse-riding“, „horseback riding“, „horse“, „stroke“, „balance“, „gait“.
Prikupljeno je četrnaest istraživanja koja su objavljena u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine.
Rezultati. Rezultati većine istraživanja ukazuju da konjski pokret (hipoterapija, terapijsko jahanje, jahanje ili
mehanički simulator hipoterapije/jahanja) može imati pozitivan učinak na rehabilitaciju hoda i/ili balansa kod
preboljelih od moždanog udara. Rezultati ukazuju da ova intervencija može utjecati na poboljšanje parametara
hoda od kojih se ističe poboljšanje brzine i dužine hoda i smanjenje asimetrije koraka.
Zaključak. Hipoterapija je sigurna alternativna metoda rehabilitacije kojoj mogu pristupiti bolesnici s poteškoćama
hoda i balansa nakon moždanog udara.The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of hippotherapy on the rehabilitation of gait
and balance in people after stroke.
Methods. The studies were collected by researching online databases: PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane Central,
using a combination of keywords: "hippotheraphy", "horse-riding", "horseback riding", "horse", "stroke",
"balance", "gait". Fourteen studies published from 2010 to 2020 were included in this paper.
Results. The results of most of the studies show that equine movement (hippotherapy, therapeutic riding, riding,
or a mechanical hippotherapy/riding simulator) can have a positive effect on the rehabilitation of gait and/or
balance in those recovering from a stroke. The results show that this intervention can positively affect the
improvement of gait parameters, especially gait speed and length and the reduction of step asymmetry.
Conclusion. Hippotherapy is a safe alternative method of rehabilitation for patients with gait and balance
difficulties after a stroke
Personal qualities and psychological skills of nurses
No full textPsihologija i sestrinstvo su duboko povezani, prepoznajući važnost psihološke njege u kontekstu
zdravstvene skrbi. Medicinske sestre/medicinski tehničari su ključni članovi tima koji se suočavaju s
raznovrsnim potrebama pacijenta, kako fizičkim, tako i emocionalnim. Kroz povijest, medicinske sestre su se
usmjeravale na fizičku njegu, no sve više su prepoznale nužnost psihološke dimenzije skrbi. Važno je da
medicinske sestre/medicinski tehničari razviju osobne kvalitete poput empatije, intuicije i kritičkog
razmišljanja kako bi pružile kvalitetnu psihološku podršku pacijentima. Samosvijest i otvorenost prema
vlastitim mislima i željama također su ključni, jer samo kroz razumijevanje sebe mogu razviti autentične i
kvalitetne interpersonalne odnose. Kako bi se postigla učinkovita psihološka njega, važne su i psihološke
vještine kao što su vještine psihološke procjene, emocionalne njege, savjetovanja i aktivnog slušanja. No, nije
dovoljno samo brinuti se o pacijentima. Medicinske sestre/medicinski tehničari moraju brinuti i o sebi kako bi
izbjegle „burnout“ sindrom i pružile što kvalitetniju njegu pacijentima. Psihologija igra ključnu ulogu u
zdravstvenoj i socijalnoj skrbi, pružajući razumijevanje ljudskog ponašanja, misaonih procesa i emocija.
Razumijevanje komunikacijskih procesa poboljšava terapeutski odnos i suradnju s drugim profesionalcima.
Pored toga, u ovom radu prikazuje se specifičan utjecaj ovih osobnih kvaliteta i psiholoških vještina
unutar tima za palijativnu skrb. Kroz ovu prizmu, opisuje se kako empatija, intuicija, samosvjesnost, kritičko
razmišljanje i vještine komunikacije doprinose kvaliteti podrške koju palijativni tim pruža pacijentima i
njihovim obiteljima, posebno u kontekstu teških bolesti i smrtnih situacija.
U konačnici, psihološka njega predstavlja ključnu komponentu sestrinstva, omogućujući potpunu i
holističku skrb za pacijente, a ona ne bih bila moguća bez dobro razvijenih psiholoških vještina i osobnih
kvaliteta medicinskih sestara/medicinskih tehničara. Pravilan naglasak na psihološke aspekte donosi bolje
rezultate u liječenju i potpomaže dobrobit pacijenataPsychology and nursing are deeply connected, recognizing the importance of psychological care in the
context of health care. Nurses/medical technicians are key members of the team who deal with the diverse
needs of the patient, both physical and emotional. Throughout history, nurses focused on physical care, but
they increasingly recognized the necessity of the psychological dimension of care. It is important for
nurses/medical technicians to develop personal qualities such as empathy, intuition and critical thinking in
order to provide quality psychological support to patients. Self-awareness and openness to one's own thoughts
and desires are also key components of nursing care, because only through self-understanding can one
develop authentic and quality interpersonal relationships. In order to achieve effective psychological care,
psychological skills such as the skills of psychological assessment, emotional care, counseling and active
listening are also important. However, it is not enough to just take care of patients. Nurses/medical
technicians must also take care of themselves in order to avoid "burnout" syndrome and to provide the best
possible care to patients. Psychology plays a key role in health and social care, providing an understanding of
human behaviour, thought processes and emotions. Understanding communication processes improves the
therapeutic relationship and collaboration with other professionals.
In addition, this thesis shows the specific influence of these personal qualities and psychological skills
within the palliative care team. Through this prism, it is described how empathy, intuition, self-awareness,
critical thinking and communication skills contribute to the quality of support that the palliative team provides
to patients and their families, especially in the context of serious illness and dying situations.
Ultimately, psychological care is a key component of nursing, enabling complete and holistic patient
care, which would not be possible without well-developed psychological skills and personal qualities of
nurses/medical technicians. Proper emphasis on psychological aspects brings better results in treatment and
supports the well-being of patients
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC ASSESSMENT OF KNEE BEFORE AND AFTER PHYSICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC KNEE SURGERY
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je procijeniti učinak fizikalne terapije na funkciju, bolnost, kretnje i mišićnu snagu operiranog koljena prije i poslije fizikalne terapije.
Za potrebe istraživanja korišteni su: goniometar, manualno-mišićni test (MMT), vizualno-analogna skala (VAS) i The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) upitnik.
Ukupno je bilo 20 bolesnika, od čega ih je 9 bilo muškog spola (45%), a 11 ženskog spola (55%). Srednja je životna dob promatranih bolesnika 41,2±15,42 godine. Od 20 bolesnika, 16 ih je operiralo meniskus, a preostalih 4 operiralo je prednju križnu svezu.
Trenutna bol u koljenu smanjena je s 2,6±2,76, na 0,9±1,37 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Razina boli u koljenu u zadnja 24 sata smanjena je s 3,35±2,28 na 1,95±1,67 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Najjača bol u koljenu u zadnjih tjedan dana smanjena je s 4,85±2,5 na 3,45±1,47 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Najslabija bol u koljenu u zadnjih tjedan dana smanjena je s 2±0,82 na 1,33±0,58 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Pasivna fleksija povećana je s 105,75±13,4 na 113,25±10,29 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.Aktivna fleksija povećana je s 98,25±14,07 na 107±11,96 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Pasivna ekstenzija poboljšana je s 0,5±1,54 na 0, tj. postiže se potpuna ekstenzija nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Aktivna ekstenzija poboljšana je s 3±3,4 na 0,5±1,54 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
MMT fleksije povećan je s 3,7±0,47 na 4,5±0,61 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
MMT ekstenzije povećan je s 3,7±0,47 na 4,5±0,61 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Funkcionalnost je ispitana kroz 4 kategorije:
rezultat u kategoriji bol poboljšan je s 69,15±9,68 na 83,3±6,28 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije;
rezultat u kategoriji simptomi poboljšan je s 65±11 na 82,15±8,41 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije;
rezultat u kategoriji funkcioniranje u svakodnevnom životu poboljšan je s 79±12 na 91,42±21,47 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije;
rezultat u kategoriji kvaliteta života poboljšan je s 43±17 na 50,7±18,77 nakon deset dana fizikalne terapije.
Zaključak je da desetodnevna fizikalna terapija poboljšava kretnje operiranog koljena, smanjuje bolnost, povećava mišićnu snagu i ukupno povećava funkcionalnost osobe. Svi su ti elementi potrebni kako bi se uspješno vodio fizioterapeutski karton te da bi se u suradnji s fizijatrom mogla planirati daljnja fizikalna terapija i rehabilitacija.The topic of the final paper is to evaluate the effect of physical therapy on the function, pain, movements and muscle strength of the operated knee before and after physical therapy. For research purposes, the following were used: goniometer, manual muscle test (MMT), visual analog scale (VAS) and The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. There were a total of 20 patients, of which 9 were male (45%), and 11 were female (55%). The mean age of the observed patients is 41.2±15.42 years. Out of 20 patients, 16 underwent meniscus surgery, and the remaining 4 underwent anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Current knee pain decreased from 2.6±2.76 to 0.9±1.37 after ten days of physical therapy. The level of knee pain in the last 24 hours decreased from 3.35±2.28 to 1.95±1.67 after ten days of physical therapy. The strongest knee pain in the last week decreased from 4.85±2.5 to 3.45±1.47 after ten days of physical therapy. The weakest knee pain in the last week decreased from 2±0.82 to 1.33±0.58 after ten days of physical therapy.
Passive flexion increased from 105.75±13.4 to 113.25±10.29 after ten days of physical therapy. Active flexion increased from 98.25±14.07 to 107±11.96 after ten days of physical therapy.Passive extension is improved from 0.5±1.54 to 0, i.e. full extension is achieved after ten days of physical therapy. Active extension improved from 3±3.4 to 0.5±1.54 after ten days of physical therapy. Flexion MMT increased from 3.7±0.47 to 4.5±0.61 after ten days of physical therapy. Extension MMT increased from 3.7±0.47 to 4.5±0.61 after ten days of physical therapy.
Functionality was tested through 4 categories: the score in the pain category improved from 69.15±9.68 to 83.3±6.28 after ten days of physical therapy; the score in the symptoms category improved from 65±11 to 82.15±8.41 after ten days of physical therapy; the result in the category of functioning in everyday life improved from 79±12 to 91.42±21.47 after ten days of physical therapy; the result in the quality of life category improved from 43±17 to 50.7±18.77 after ten days of physical therapy.
The conclusion is that ten days of physical therapy improves the movements of the operated knee, reduces pain, increases muscle strength and overall increases the functionality of the person. All these elements are necessary in order to successfully manage the physiotherapy record and to be able to plan further physical therapy and rehabilitation in cooperation with the physiatrist
The role of the nurse in the contact lens cabinet
No full textOko je naš prozor u svijet. Mnoga stanja dovode do disfunkcije oka kao organa, zbog čega se koriste razna očna pomagala kako bi omogućili što bolju i kvalitetniju oštrinu vida. U daljnjem tekstu su opisane vrste, materijali kontaktnih leća i njihova uloga u terapijskom i estetskom smislu. Također, objašnjava se svrha prvog pregleda, postupci, dijagnostika, indikacije i kontraindikacije koje su važan čimbenik u određivanju adekvatnog izbora kontaktnih leća za korisnika kao pojedinca. Cilj moga rada je naglasiti važnost edukacije o pravilnom rukovanju s kontaktnim lećama, o stručnosti medicinske sestre koja mora biti visoko obrazovana, puna empatije, strpljenja i razumjevanja kako bi korisnici kontaktnih leća što lakše prošli period adaptacije i dobili adekvatne upute za ispravno i sigurno korištenje kontaktnih leća.The eye is our window to the world. Many conditions lead to dysfunction of the eye as an organ, which is why various eye aids are used to enable better and better visual acuity. Below are described types, materials of contact lenses and their role in thetherapeutic and aesthetic sense. Also, the purpose of the first examination, procedures, diagnostics, indications and contraindications, which are an important factor in determining the adequate choice of contact lenses for the user as an individual, is explained. The aim of my work is to emphasize the importance of education on proper handling of contact lenses, about the expertise of a nurse who must be highly educated, full of empathy, patience and understanding in order for contact lens users to pass the adaptation period as easily as possible and receive adequate instructions for the correct and safe use of contact lenses
The nurse's role in recognizing dermatological changes in individuals with diabetes
No full textŠećerna bolest je kronična, metabolička, progresivna bolest koja je poprimila pandemijske razmjere. Smatra se da 10.5% svjetskog stanovništva ima šećernu bolest, što predstavlja globalni izazov koji zahtijeva pozornost i kreativne strategije zdravstvenih sustava diljem svijeta. Iako su makrovaskularne komplikacije i dalje prvi uzrok smrti u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću, u ovom radu su detaljno opisane dermatološke promjene u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću, s posebnim naglaskom na ozbiljnost dijabetičkog stopala. Unutar sfere dermatoloških manifestacija detaljno su opisane specifične promjene kao što su acanthosis nigricans, dijabetička dermopatija i kseroza koje su karakteristične za osobe sa šećernom bolesti tipa 2. Analizirane su i druge manifestacije kao što su dijabetičke bule, lipoidna nekrobioza i vitiligo, koje se češće javljaju u osoba sa šećernom bolesti tipa 1. Poseban fokus rada je usmjeren prema bitnoj ulozi medicinske sestre u prepoznavanju promjena na koži u osoba sa šećernom bolešću. U tu svrhu, rad ističe važnost kontinuiranog obrazovanja bolesnika o preciznoj primjeni inzulina, dok istovremeno naglašava potrebu za redovitim sistematskim pregledima kože, osobito onih dijelova tijela koja nisu lako vidljiva bolesniku, poput stopala ili leđa. Medicinske sestre edukatori, osim što pružaju obrazovanje, poput liječnika preuzimaju odgovornost i demonstriraju vještine samopregleda ili zajedničkog pregleda manje vidljivih područja tijela tijekom konzultacija. U svojoj srži, rad poziva na aktivno partnerstvo između zdravstvenih djelatnika i osoba sa šećernom bolesti kako bi se zajednički nosili s izazovima šećerne bolesti i komplikacijama iste u vidu dermatoloških promjena.Diabetes is a chronic metabolic and progressive disease that has reached pandemic proportions. It is estimated that 10.5% of the world's population has diabetes, thus representing a global challenge that demands attention and creative strategies from healthcare systems worldwide. While macrovascular complications remain the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes, this study provides a detailed description of dermatological changes in patients with diabetes, with a particular emphasis on the severity of diabetic foot. Within the realm of dermatological manifestations, specific changes such as acanthosis nigricans, diabetic dermopathy, and xerosis are thoroughly described, which are characteristic of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Other manifestations are also analyzed, such as diabetic blisters, lipoid necrobiosis, and vitiligo, which are more common in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The study's special focus is directed towards the crucial role of the nurse in recognizing skin changes in individuals with diabetes. For this purpose, the study highlights the importance of continuous patient education regarding precise insulin application, while simultaneously emphasizing the need for regular systematic skin examinations, particularly in areas that are not easily visible to the patient, such as the feet or back. Nurse educators, in addition to providing education,, take on the responsibility, like physicians, for demonstrating self-examination skills or conducting joint examinations of these areas during consultations. At its core, the study calls for active partnership between healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes to collectively address the challenges of diabetes and its complications, particularly in the form of dermatological changes
Health Care of Patient After Ingestion of Antifreeze,Case Report
No full textAntifriz je tekućina koja sprečava zamrzavanje ili pregrijavanje radijatora u automobilima. Poznat je i kao rashladno sredstvo motora. Kako naše tijelo apsorbira antifriz, kemikalija se pretvara u druge otrovne tvari kao što su glikolaldehid, glikolna kiselina, glikoksilna kiselina, aceton, formaldehid. Prema ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) raniji simptomi mogu se javiti već nakon 30 minuta od unošenja antifriza u organizam, a oko 12 sati od unošenja antifriza u organizam javljaju se teži simptomi. Unutar 24 do 72 sata može doći do oštećenja organa. Brzina razvijanja simptoma najviše ovisi o količini antifriza koju je osoba unijela u organizam. Moguće je da osoba izgubi svijest ili padne u komu.
U radu ću prikazati slučaj 65-godišnjeg muškarca koji je u pratnji HMP pri punoj svijesti doveden na OHBP nakon pokušaja samoubojstva tako što je popio kako navodi 0,7 L antifriza, a nakon toga još 2 L pive i 1 L mineralne vode te se zbog teškog općeg stanja prima se u JIL (Jedinica Intenzivnog Liječenja). Kroz rad su prikazani simptomi koju su se razvijali od samog ulaska u bolnicu, dijagnostika i terapijski pristup koji je obavljen tijekom hospitalizacije te važnost uloge medicinske sestre u cjelokupnom procesu zdravstvene skrbi.Antifreeze is a liquid that prevents radiators in cars from freezing or overheating. It is also known as an engine coolant. As our body absorbs antifreeze, the chemical turns into other toxic substances such as glycolaldehyde, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, acetone, formaldehyde. According to the ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), early symptoms can appear as early as 30 minutes after the introduction of antifreeze into the body, and more severe symptoms appear about 12 hours after the introduction of antifreeze into the body. Organ damage can occur within 24 to 72 hours. The speed at which symptoms develop mostly depends on the amount of antifreeze that a person has ingested. It is possible for a person to lose consciousness or fall into a coma.
In my paper, I will present the case of a 65-year-old man who, accompanied by the HMP, was brought to the OHBP fully conscious after a suicide attempt by drinking, as he states, 0.7 L of antifreeze, followed by another 2 L of beer and 1 L of mineral water, and due to in severe general condition is admitted to the ICU (Intensive Treatment Unit). The paper presents the symptoms that developed from the moment of entering the hospital, the diagnosis and therapeutic approach that was carried out during the hospitalization, and the importance of the nurse's role in the entire health care process