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Nursing care for patients suffering from depressive disorders
No full textPoremećaji raspoloženja pripadaju u česte psihijatrijske dijagnoze s kojima se suočavamo svakodnevno u praksi. Osnovna podjela ovih poremećaja je na depresivne i bipolarne. Poremećaji raspoloženja u svojoj srži zapravo predstavljaju emocionalne disbalanse koji se sastoje od pretjerane tuge i veselja. Etiologija depresije predstavlja kompleksan problem za razumijevanje te kao većina psihijatrijskih poremećaja još uvijek nema do kraja razriješeno ovo pitanje. Incidencija depresije kroz posljednje godine povećava, a mogu utjecati na bilo kojeg pojedinca bez obzira na spol, godine, status u društvu ili razinu obrazovanja. Otprilike 280 milijuna ljudi diljem svijeta boluje od ovog psihičkog poremećaja. Sestrinska skrb kod bolesnika s depresivnim poremećajem puno je više od samo zdravstvene njege. Pravi pristup bolesniku i rano prepoznavanje stanja mogu biti od pomoći da se bolesnik što prije oporavi i vrati u svakodnevnu rutinu. Kako depresija utječe na sve aspekte bolesnikova života, tako i medicinska sestra svojim znanjem i dobrim komunikacijskim vještinama ulazi u svaku sferu bolesnikova života i efikasno pomaže timu pri pronalasku ključu problema.Mood disorders are among the frequent psychiatric diagnoses that we face every day in practice. The basic division of these disorders is depressive and bipolar. At their core, mood disorders are actually emotional imbalances consisting of excessive sadness and joy. The etiology of depression is a complex problem to understand and, like most psychiatric disorders, this question is still not fully resolved. The incidence of depression has been increasing in recent years, and it can affect any individual regardless of gender, age, status in society or level of education. Approximately 280 million people worldwide suffer from this mental disorder. Nursing care for patients with a depressive disorder is much more than just health care. . The right approach to the patient and early recognition of the condition can help the patient to recover as soon as possible and return to the daily routine. As depression affects all aspects of the patient's life, the nurse, with her knowledge and good communication skills, enters every sphere of the patient's life and efficiently helps the team in finding the key to the problem
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROTOCOL AFTER HAMSTRING INJURY
No full textMišićne ozljede stražnje skupine natkoljenice (eng. hamstrings) nisu toliko česte u populaciji koja nije fizički aktivna, koliko kod profesionalnih i amaterskih sportaša u sportovima koje zahtijevaju naglo ubrzanje i zaustavljanje, sprint ili udaranje nogom. Ozljede ozbiljnijeg tipa imaju za posljedicu smanjenje kvalitete svakodnevnog života te za sobom mogu povlačiti i razne negativne aspekte psihofizičkog stanja individue, pogotovo u profesionalnom sportu. Cilj ovog rada će biti prepoznati čimbenike rizika, kvalitetno ih interpretirati te prikazati prevencijske i rehabilitacijske protokole kako bi konačan ishod rehabilitacije bio uspješan i dugo nakon povratka na teren. Čimbenici rizika mogu produljiti vrijeme oporavka te utjecati na uspješnost liječenja i povratka natjecanju. Cilj je reducirati rizik od ozljede i reozljede te utjecati da se povratak natjecanju dogodi što brže i sigurnije. Edukacija sportaša o učinkovitosti i pridržavanju prevencijskog i rehabilitacijskog programa ima veliku ulogu u smanjenju rizika za nastanak ozljede. Ozljede stražnje skupine mišića natkoljenice češće se javljaju kao posljedica preopterećenja i kretnji u maksimalnom tjelesnom naporu. Postoji niz protokola koji imaju zajednički cilj, što brži povratak osobe aktivnostima, a uz smanjenje rizika povratka ozljede. U liječenju se koriste različite metode, uključujući i novije metode, poput PRP-a i matičnih stanica, koje su pokazale obećavajuće inicijalne rezultate.Hamstrings injury does not occur often in the non-physically active population, as much as they occur in professional and amateur sports that demand high acceleration and stopping, sprinting or leg kicking. Severe types of injuries have decreased life quality and can bring negative aspects to psychophysical state, especially in professional sport. The goal will be to recognize risk factors, interpret them and show prevention and rehabilitation protocols, so that final outcome of rehabilitation is successful, even in the period after returning to play. Risk factors can extend recovery time and influence treatment success, as well as return to competition period. The goal is to reduce the risk of injury and re-injury, and to influence that the return to the competition happens as soon and safe as possible. The education of the players of efficiency and adherence to prevention and rehabilitation protocol has a big role in injury risk reduction. Hamstrings injuries often occur as a consequence of muscle overload and movement in maximal physical effort. There is a lot of protocols which have a common goal – to return the player to the activities with reduced risk of re-injury. In the treatment, different methods are used, including newer ones, like PRP and stem cells, which have shown promising initial results
Physiotherapy assessment of shoulder pain in breast cancer survivors
No full textRak dojke je čest zloćudni tumor kod žena u Hrvatskoj i svijetu sa stalnim porastom broja oboljelih. Liječenje raka je zahtjevno i ovisi o stupnju razvoja, veličini, značajkama stanica i raširenosti. Terapija može izazvati široki raspon nuspojava koje zahtijevaju dodatnu pozornost, njegu i skrb kako se ne bi narušila kvaliteta života. Jedna od učestalih nuspojava je bolno rame koje ostaje kronični problem. Rameni zglob je po svojim biomehaničkim osobinama najpokretljivi zglob u tijelu, no isto tako i najnestabilniji što dovodi do čestih ozljeda. Uzroci bolnog ramena u žena koje su preživjele rak dojke mogu biti mnogobrojni kao što su promjene na akromioklavikularnom zglobu, upale tetiva rotatorne manžetne, adhezivni kapsulitis i mnoge druge promjene. U kliničkoj slici dominira bol u ramenu uz koju je prisutna smanjena gibljivost u zglobu. Rameni zglob je bitan u svakodnevnim životnim i profesionalnim aktivnostima te je iznimno važno na vrijeme prepoznati uzrok i započeti terapiju. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati način provođenja fizioterapijske procjene bolnog ramena koji može doprinijeti ranom prepoznavanju ciljanog oštećenje i prevenciji kroničnih posljedica. Proveli smo testiranje na 4 ispitanice koje su prijavile bol u ramenu nakon provedenog liječenja raka dojke. Testiranje se sastojalo od mjerenja sagitalne gibljivosti torakalne kralježnice, goniometrije, dinamometrije, specijalnih testova za rame i ispunjavanja upitnika. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s sa slikovnom dijagnostikom ramena za potvrdu dijagnoze. Ovim istraživanjem dokazano je kako se provođenjem ciljane fizioterapijske procjene može na brz, jednostavan i standardiziran način ustanoviti uzrok boli te postaviti ispravan plan i cilj terapije u žena koje su preživjele rak dojke.Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women in Croatia and the world, with a constant increase in the number of patients. Cancer treatment is demanding and depends on the stage of development, size, cell characteristics and spread. Therapy can cause a wide range of side effects that require additional attention, care and attention in order not to impair the quality of life. One of the frequent side effects is a painful shoulder that remains a chronic problem. Due to its biomechanical properties, the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body, but also the most unstable, which leads to frequent injuries. The causes of shoulder pain in women who have survived breast cancer can be numerous, such as changes in the acromioclavicular joint, rotator cuff tendonitis, adhesive capsulitis and many other changes. The clinical picture is dominated by pain in the shoulder accompanied by reduced mobility in the joint. The shoulder joint is important in everyday life and professional activities, and it is extremely important to recognize the cause in time and start therapy. The aim of this paper is to present a method of conducting a physiotherapy assessment of a painful shoulder that can contribute to the early recognition of the target damage and the prevention of chronic consequences. We tested 4 subjects who reported shoulder pain after breast cancer treatment. The testing consisted of measuring the sagittal mobility of the thoracic spine, goniometry, dynamometry, special tests for the shoulder and filling out a questionnaire. The obtained results were compared with image diagnostics of the shoulder to confirm the diagnosis. This research has proven that by conducting a targeted physiotherapy assessment, the cause of pain can be established in a quick, simple and standardized way and the correct plan and goal of therapy can be set in women who have survived breast cancer
Physiotherapy procedures for facial nerve paralysis
No full textBellova pareza definira se kao iznenadna jednostrana pareza n. facialisa nepoznate etiologije iako je
često u pozadini prisutan anamnestički podatak o prethodno preboljenoj virusnoj ili bakterijskoj infekciji.
Karakterizira je nagli početak koji obilježava gubitak funkcije mimičkih mišića što prvenstveno predstavlja
estetski problem koji kasnije može uznapredovati u funkcionalni problem poput gubitka osjeta okusa, povećane
lakrimacije ili poremećaja sluha. Liječenje valja započeti što ranije kako bi se ubrzao oporavak od preboljele
pareze a u akutnoj fazi najčešći izbor je farmakološka terapija kortikosteroidima. U 70% slučajeva spontano se
povlači i nisu potrebne dodatne intervencije, no ukoliko to nije slučaj pribjegava se raznim fizioterapijskim
metodama. Iako u literaturi ne postoje čvrsti dokazi o njihovom učinku koriste se u kliničkoj praksi jer nemaju
štetan učinak i pospješuju učinkovitost cjelokupne terapije. Fizioterapijski postupci koji se najčešće koriste u
svrhu liječenja Bellove pareze su masaža, elektrostimulacija, kineziterapija, akupunktura, laser i njihove
međusobne kombinacije.Bell's palsy is defined as sudden unilateral paresis of facial nerve of unknown aetiology, although
there is often in the background anamnestic information about a previously cured viral or bacterial infection. It is
characterized by an abrupt onset that marks the loss of function of the mimic muscles, which is primarily an
aesthetic problem that can later progress into a functional problem such as loss of the sense of taste, increased
lacrimation, or hearing disorders. Treatment should start as early as possible to speed up the recovery from the
recovered paresis and in the acute phase the most common choice is pharmacological therapy with corticosteroids.
In 70% of cases, it resolves spontaneously, and no additional interventions are needed, but if this is not the case,
various physiotherapy methods are used. Although there is no solid evidence of their effect in the literature, they
are used in clinical practice because they do not have a harmful effect and improve the effectiveness of the entire
therapy. Physiotherapy procedures that are most often used to treat Bell's palsy are massage, electrostimulation,
kinesitherapy, acupuncture, laser and their combination
Changes in adolescence - anorexia nervosa
No full textAnoreksija nervoza je psihološki poremećaj prehrane kojeg karakteriziraju sveprisutni, patološki problemi težine i oblika tijela koji dovode do ograničenog oralnog unosa i posljedice niske težine. Oboljele osobe imaju strah od debljanja i iskrivljenu percepciju fizičkog izgleda. Adolescencija je ključan period razvoja koji obilježavaju brojne fizičke, emocionalne i psihološke promjene te ujedno je najkritičnije razdoblje za razvoj anoreksije nervoze . Educiranjem o kritičnim čimbenicima može se prevenirati anoreksija nervoza, ali ako se ipak stanje razvije potrebna je što brža intervencija kako bi se smanjio rizik od negativnog ishoda. Liječenje anoreksije nervoze kod adolescenata kompleksan je i osjetljiv proces koji zahtijeva multidisciplinaran pristup, uključujući medicinske, psihološke i nutritivne intervencije. Ovaj pregled govori o komplikacijama i zadacima medicinske sestre koji su značajni za poboljšanje stanja pacijenta. Prepoznavanje simptoma i pružanje odgovarajuće podrške može pomoći u sprječavanju dugoročnih posljedica i promicanju oporavka. Roditelji, školsko osoblje i zdravstveni djelatnici trebaju biti educirani o znakovima poremećaja prehrane kako bi mogli pružiti pravovremenu pomoć adolescentima koji se suočavaju s ovim izazovom.Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by pervasive, pathological weight and body shape problems that lead to limited oral intake and consequent low weight. Sufferers have a fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of their physical appearance. Adolescence is a key period of development marked by numerous physical, emotional and psychological changes, and it is also the most critical period for the development of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa can be prevented by educating about critical factors, but if the condition does develop, intervention is needed as quickly as possible to reduce the risk of a negative outcome. Treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents is a complex and sensitive process that requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical, psychological and nutritional interventions. This review discusses the complications and tasks of the nurse that are important for improving the patient's condition. Recognizing symptoms and providing appropriate support can help prevent long-term consequences and promote recovery. Parents, school staff and health professionals should be educated about the signs of eating disorders so that they can provide timely help to adolescents facing this challenge
Nutrition and hidration of a patient with palliative care needs
No full textPalijativna skrb obuhvaća holistički pristup koji nastoji poboljšati kvalitetu života pacijenata s neizlječivim bolestima, usmjeravajući se na kontrolu simptoma i olakšavanje psihosocijalnih, duhovnih i fizičkih tegoba. Jedan od temeljnih izazova u palijativnoj skrbi jest osigurati odgovarajuću prehranu i hidraciju pacijentima čiji simptomi bolesti ograničavaju unos hrane i tekućine. Simptomi kao što su disfagija, kaheksija, gubitak apetita, mučnina, povraćanje te opstipacija i proljev, često otežavaju nutritivnu potporu, što može dodatno ugroziti zdravstveno stanje pacijenata. Peroralna prehrana, kao prirodni način unosa hrane, uvijek je prvi izbor, ali često nije moguća zbog fizioloških poteškoća uzrokovanih progresijom bolesti. U slučajevima kada peroralni unos nije moguć ili je nedovoljan, koriste se enteralna prehrana putem sonde ili parenteralna prehrana putem intravenozne primjene. Enteralna prehrana omogućava hranjenje pacijenata uz očuvanje funkcije probavnog sustava, dok je parenteralna prehrana rezervirana za pacijente kojima probavni sustav ne može funkcionirati. Medicinske sestre imaju ključnu ulogu u ranom prepoznavanju kaheksije, procjeni nutritivnog statusa, primjeni nutritivnih intervencija te pružanju psihosocijalne podrške pacijentima i njihovim obiteljima, kao i u donošenju odluka i etičkim pitanjima vezanim za područje.Palliative care encompasses a holistic approach aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with incurable diseases, focusing on symptom control and alleviating psychosocial, spiritual, and physical distress. One of the primary challenges in palliative care is ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration for patients whose disease symptoms limit their ability to ingest food and liquids. Symptoms such as dysphagia, cachexia, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea often complicate nutritional support, further compromising patients' health. Oral feeding, as the natural method of nutrient intake, is always the first choice, but it is often not feasible due to physiological issues caused by disease progression. In cases where oral intake is not possible or insufficient, enteral feeding via tube or parenteral feeding via intravenous administration is used. Enteral feeding allows patients to be nourished while maintaining the function of the digestive system, whereas parenteral nutrition is reserved for patients whose digestive system is not functioning. Nurses play a key role in the early detection of cachexia, assessing nutritional status, implementing nutritional interventions, and providing psychosocial support to patients and their families. They also have a crucial role in decision-making and addressing ethical issues related to this field
The impact of stress on the sense of personal cohesion, control over their own life and family functioning of CIEM employees
No full textUvod: Posao zdravstvenih djelatnika izrazito je stresan te zahtijeva puno odricanja, i ponekad nisu svi dorasli ovom zadatku. Kod pojedinaca se javlja niz različitih reakcija organizma koje mu onemogućuju uspješno obavljanje zadataka, smanjuju kvalitetu života i povećavaju rizik za nastanak bolesti.
Cilj: Procijeniti utjecaj stresa na osjećaje osobne kohezije, kontrole nad vlastitim životom i obiteljsko funkcioniranje zaposlenika HZHM.
Metode: U online presječnoj studiji sudjelovalo je 119 djelatnika Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Za potrebe online istraživanja izrađen je semistrukturirani sociodemografski upitnik i primijenjeni su i standardizirani upitnici koji služe ispitivanju razine distresa, subjektivnog doživljaja stresa izazvanog COVID-19 pandemijom, za procjenu obiteljskih mogućnosti podrške u nošenju sa stresnim događajima i osobni lokus kontrole ponašanja. Pomoću Google forms softvera izrađeni su online obrasci upitnika. U obradi rezultata korišten je statistički paket jamovi (verzija 2.2.5).
Rezultati: Simptomi distresa u liječnika kretali su se od blagih do srednjih 21,86 (95%CI 17,742-25,979)±9,04, a u medicinskih sestara većinom blagi 21,29(95%CI 18-23,78)±8.02. Procijenjena razina trenutnog distresa izazvanog COVID-19 pandemijom (IES-R) bila je blaga uz naglašenije prisustvo blagih intruzivnih simptoma u vozača hitne pomoći 13,65 (CI95%10,113-17,18)±6.87 i simptoma izbjegavanja u specijalista hitne medicine 16,13(95%CI 11.08-21.17)±6.3. U samovrednovanju svog rada medicinske sestre/medicinski tehničari skloniji su procjenjivati svoju učinkovitost na temelju tuđih ili vanjskih procjena tzv. vanjski lokus kontrole ponašanja 13(95%CI 11.9979-14)±3.22 za razliku od ostalih djelatnika ZHM SDŽ koji imaju osjećaj da sami kontroliraju svoje ponašanje tzv. unutarnji lokus kontrole ponašanja.
Zaključak: Statistički je značajna razlika između oblika kontrole vlastitog ponašanja i načina sučeljavanja sa stresom djelatnika ZHM SDŽ. Istraživanje je potvrdilo i potrebu za organizacijom stalne psihološke pomoći pri Zavodu HM.Introduction: The work of healthcare workers is extremly stressful and requires a lot of sacrafice, and sometimes not everyone is up to the task. Individuals experience a number of different body reactions that prevent from successfully performing tasks, reduce the quality of life and increase the risk of disease.
The aim: To assess the impact of stress on feelings of personal cohesion, control over one’s own life and family functioning of CIEM employees.
Methods: 119 employees of the Institute of Emergency Department of the Split - Dalmatia County participated in the online cross-sectional study. For the purpose of the online research, a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire was created and standardized questionnaires were used to examine the level of distress and the subjective experience of stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, to asses the family's support in dealing with stressful events and the personal locus of behavioral control. Online questionnaire forms were created using the Google forms software. Statistical package jams (version 2.2.5) was used to process the results.
Results: Symptoms of distress in doctors ranged from mild to moderate 21,86 (95%CI 17,742-25,979)±9,04, and in nurses mostly mild 21,29(95%CI 18-23,78)±8.02. the estimated level of current distress caused by COVID-19 pandemic (IES-R) was mild with a more pronaunced presence of mild intrusive symptoms in the EMS drivers 13,65 (CI95%10,113-17,18)±6.87 and symptom of avoidance in the specialists of the emergency medicine 16,13(95%CI 11.08-21.17)±6.3. In the self-evaluation of their work, nurses/medical technicians tend to evaluate their effectiveness based on other people's or external evaluations, the so-called external locus of control of behavior 13(95%CI 11.9979-14)±3.22 in contrast to other employees of IEM SDC who feel that they control their own behavior, the so-called internal locus of behavioral control.
Conclusion: There is statistically significant difference between the form of controlling one's own behavior and the way of dealing with stress of employees of IEM SCD. The research also confirmed the need for the organization of permanent psychological assistance at the Institute of EM
Eating habits and nutritional status of the patients with chronical gastritis and Gerd - nurses activity in patients education
No full textUvod: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je istražiti prehrambene i životne navike kao i pridružene bolesti i nutritivni status u bolesnika kojima se indicira ezofagogastroduodenoskopija (EGDS), te u bolesnika sa postavljenom dijagnozom gastroezofagealne refluksne bolesti (GERB-a) i gastritisa nakon učinjene EGDS kako bi se uvidjela moguća uloga medicinske sestre u edukaciji bolesnika.
Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 97 ispitanika, od kojih 57 (58,8%) žena. Najveći broj ispitanika, njih 50 (51,5%) ima od 31- 60 godina, 34 (35,1%) ispitanika ima 61 ili više godina dok njih 13 (13,4%) ima od 18-30 godina. Za svakog ispitanika ispunjen je anketni upitnik o postojanju pridruženih bolesti, životnim navikama, uzimanju lijekova te Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) upitnik. Nadalje, svim ispitanicima učinjena je EGDS, brzi ureaza test za dokazivanje prisutnosti Helicobacter pylori (HP) iz bioptata sluznice želuca, te je izmjerena tjelesna visina i težina iz kojih je potom izračunat indeks tjelesne mase (IMT).
Rezultati: Lijekove za bolove ili lijekove protiv zgrušavanja krvi koristi 19 (19,8%) ispitanika, lijekove za bolove u želucu koristi 30 (30,9%) ispitanika. Mučnine ima 41 (43,6%) ispitanik, promjene u tjelesnoj težini u posljednjih 6 mjeseci njih 31 (32,6%), puši 35 ispitanika (36,1%), a kavu pije 81 (83,5%) ispitanik. Doručak svakog dana jede 56 (57,7%) ispitanika, kuhanu hranu jede njih 75 (77,3%), a 5-6 obroka dnevno konzumira 29 (29,9%) ispitanika. Gazirana pića više od 2 puta tjedno pije 26 (26,8%) ispitanika dok jače začinjenu hranu (papreno, kiselo, slano) voli jesti 37 (38,5%) ispitanika. Infekciju bakterijom HP ima 11 (11,3%) ispitanika, GERB ima 47 (48,5%) ispitanika dok gastritis ima 61 (62,9%) ispitanik te je samo 6 (6,4%) ispitanika adherentno na mediteransku prehranu. Rezultati ukazuju kako statistički značajno više muškaraca puši u usporedbi sa ženama (p= 0,020), dok žene statistički značajno češće doručkuje svakoga dana (p=0,039). Muškarci statistički značajno češće piju gazirana pića (p=0,020). Nepušači statistički značajno češće doručkuju svakog dana (p=0,001), značajno češće jedu kuhanu hranu (p=0,047) te značajno rjeđe konzumiraju jače začinjenu hranu p=0,002) u usporedbi sa pušačima. Statistički značajno više ispitanika s GERB-om jede jače začinjenu hranu u usporedbi sa onima koji imaju gastritis (p=0,061). Osobe koje imaju GERB statistički značajno češće imaju i druge bolesti želuca (p=0,091).
Zaključak: Rezultatu ukazuju na visoku učestalost GERB-a i gastritisa u populaciji bolesnika kojima se zbog simptoma indicira EGDS. Također, razvidno je visoka učestalost neželjenih životnih navika u ovoj ispitivanoj populaciji, posebno među muškarcima. Porazno mali broj ispitanika se hrani sukladno postulatima mediteranske prehrane. Sve navedeno ukazuje kako je nužna edukacija od strane medicinske sestre, sa ciljem promjena navedenih neželjenih životnih navika, te usvajanja preporuka prehrane po postulatima mediteranske prehrane s obzirom kako je pokazana povezanost navedenih navika sa razvojem i učestalosti GERB-a i gastritisa kao i sa zdravljem općenito.Introduction: The main objective of this study is to investigate the dietary and lifestyle habits and associated diseases and nutritional status in patients indicated for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) and patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastritis after EGDS to determine a possible role of the nurse in patient education.
Materials and methods: 97 people participated in the study, 57 (58,8%) of whom were women. Most respondents, 50 (51,5%), were between 31and 60 years old, 34 (35,1%) were 61 years or older, while 13 (13,4%) were between 18 and 30 years old. For each respondent, a questionnaire was completed on the presence of comorbidities, lifestyle habits, medication intake and the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire. In addition, all subjects underwent an EGDS, a rapid urease test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (HP) from gastric mucosal biopsies, and their height and weight were measured, from which the body mass index (IMT) was then calculated.
Results: 19 (19,8%) of respondents take painkillers or medication for blood clotting, while 30 (30,9%) of respondents take medication for stomach pain. 41 (43,6%) of respondents suffer from nausea, 31 (32,6%) have experienced changes in their body weight in the last 6 months, 35 (36,1%) of respondents smoke, while 81 (83,5%) of respondents drink coffee. 56 (57,7%) of the respondents eat breakfast daily, 75 (77,3%) eat cooked food daily, and 29 (29,9%) of the respondents eat 5-6 meals per day. In addition, 26 (26,8%) respondents drink carbonated drinks more than twice a week, while 37 (38,5%) respondents like to eat spicy (peppery, sour, salty) food. 11 (11,3%) people have HP infection, 47 (48,5%) people have GERD, 61 (62,9%) people have gastritis, and only 6 (6,4%) people adhere to the Mediterranean diet. The results show that statistically significantly more men smoked compared to women (p=0,020), while women were statistically significantly more likely to eat breakfast daily (p=0,039). The results also show that men drink carbonated drinks significantly more often (p=0,020). Non-smokers were significantly more likely to eat breakfast daily (p=0,001), significantly more likely to eat cooked food (p=0,047) and significantly less likely to consume highly seasoned food (p=0,002) than smokers. The results also show that statistically significantly more respondents with GERD eat more spicy foods than those with gastritis (p=0,061). The results also show that people with GERD are statistically significantly more likely to suffer from other gastric diseases (p=0,091).
Conclusions: The results indicate a high frequency of GERD and gastritis in the patient population with symptoms suggestive of EGDS. A high frequency of undesirable lifestyle habits (such as frequent consumption of coffee, carbonated beverages and spicy food, as well as smoking and skipping breakfast) is also evident in this population studied, especially in men. In addition, an overwhelmingly low number of respondents follow the postulates of the Mediterranean diet. All this suggests that healthcare professionals, especially nurses, need to be educated to change the aforementioned undesirable lifestyle habits and adopt dietary recommendations based on the Mediterranean diet, as the aforementioned habits are associated with the development and incidence of GERD and gastritis, as well as with health in general
Psychological disturbances in post COVID 19 reconvalescents
No full textU ovom radu dat je pregled recentne literature o psihološkim smetnjama bolesnika izazvanih infekcijom SARS-CoV-2. Post Covid 19 je stanje koje nastaje kod bolesnika koji su preboljeli infekciju izazvanu SARS-CoV-2. Nakon akutnog preboljenja infekcije zaostali su im trajni simptomi. Najčešći simptomi post Covid 19 su dispneja, dugotrajni kašalj, kronični umor, kognitivne smetnje, anksioznost i depresija. Zaostali simptomi kod bolesnika negativno utječu na njihovu kvalitetu života. Psihološki simptomi se liječe kombinacijom farmakološkim i ne farmakološkim tretmanom. Farmakološki tretman uključuje korištenje propisane medikamentozne terapije, a nefarmakološki metode odnose se na primjenu psihoterapijskih postupaka i metoda relaksacije. Postupak sestrinske psihološke njege uključuje razgovor s bolesnikom, motivaciju bolesnika za psihološko liječenje i rano prepoznavanje psiholoških smetnji u bolesnika i smanjenje anksioznosti vezano uz post Covid smetnje. Jedna od učinkovitijih metoda je on-line razgovor sestre s bolesnikom.This paper provides an overview of recent literature on psychological disorders ofpatients caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Post-Covid 19 is a condition that occurs in patients who have recovered from an infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. After getting over the acute infection, they were left with permanent symptoms. The most common post-Covid 19 symptoms are dyspnea, prolonged cough, chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression. Residual symptoms in patients negatively affect their quality of life.Psychological symptoms are treated with a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Pharmacological treatment includes the use of prescribed medicinal therapy, and non-pharmacological methods refer to the application of psychotherapeutic procedures and relaxation methods. The process of nursing psychological care includes a conversation with the patient, motivation of the patient for psychological treatment and early recognition of psychological disorders in the patient and reduction of anxiety related to post-Covid disorders. One of the more effective methods is an online conversation between a nurse and a patien
Processes of nursing care in a patient with third and fourth degree burns
No full textSvako oštećenje kože predstavlja potencijalnu prijetnju zdravlju organizma. Među najtežim ozljedama kože su opekline, koje mogu nastati uslijed izlaganja visokim temperaturama, električnoj energiji, radijaciji ili kemijskim tvarima. Opekline uzrokuju lokalne i sistematske promjene u tijelu te se klasificiraju prema ozbiljnosti i veličini zahvaćene površine tijela, često koristeći Wallaceovo pravilo devetke za procjenu opsega. Zbog svoje kompleksnosti, liječenje opekotina zahtijeva suradnju različitih medicinskih stručnjaka i dugotrajnu skrb, što može predstavljati veliki financijski izazov za zdravstveni sustav i predstavlja važan problem za javno zdravstvo. Njega pacijenata s opeklinama je zahtjevna i dinamična, a medicinska sestra igra ključnu ulogu u svim aspektima njihove skrbi. Ovaj rad fokusira se na identifikaciju prioritetnih problema pacijenata s opeklinama, što medicinska sestra čini na temelju svojeg znanja, iskustva i stručnosti u procesu pružanja zdravstvene njege. Osim osnovne medicinske skrbi, pacijentima s opeklinama treba pružiti i emocionalnu podršku, te podršku u socijalnom i rehabilitacijskom kontekstu. Medicinska sestra analizira osnovne ljudske potrebe pacijenta kako bi identificirala prioritetne sestrinske dijagnoze, koje će služiti kao smjernice za pružanje usmjerenih aktivnosti za pacijenta. Pravilno provedene njege opekotina doprinose boljem ishodu i tijeku liječenja pacijenata s opeklinama.Any damage to the skin represents a potential threat to the health of the organism. Among the most severe skin injuries are burns, which can occur due to exposure to high temperatures, electrical energy, radiation, or chemical substances. Burns cause both local and systemic changes in the body and are classified based on the severity and the size of the affected body surface, often using Wallace's rule of nines to assess the extent. Due to its complexity, the treatment of burns requires the collaboration of different medical experts and long-term care, which can pose a significant financial challenge to the healthcare system and is an important public health issue. The care of burn patients is demanding and dynamic, and nurses play a crucial role in all aspects of their care. This paper focuses on identifying the priority issues of burn patients, which nurses do based on their knowledge, experience, and expertise in the process of providing healthcare. In addition to basic medical care, burn patients need emotional support, as well as support in a social and rehabilitation context. Nurses analyse the basic human needs of the patient to identify priority nursing diagnoses, which will serve as guidelines for providing targeted activities for the patient. Properly performed burn care contributes to better outcomes and the course of treatment for patients with burns.
Keywords: burn, skin and nursing car