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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je pružiti pregled suvremene literature na temu posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSP-a). U uvodnom dijelu rada objašnjavaju se koncepti stresa i traume, na temelju čijeg se ujedinjenja posljedično definira pojam PTSP-a. Nadalje, navode se dijagnostički kriteriji sukladni Dijagnostičkom i statističkom priručniku za duševne poremećaje (DSM – 5), načini uspostavljanja dijagnoze PTSP-a u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi te diferencijalna dijagnoza pomoću koje se utvrđuju razlike između raznih psihičkih poremećaja i PTSP-a. Slijedom navedenog, navedeni su postotci koji reprezentiraju učestalost i rasprostranjenost poremećaja u populaciji, ovisno o njezinim raznim karakteristikama, u sklopu epidemiologije. Također detaljno se opisuju komorbiditeti te rizični i prognostički čimbenici nastanka i razvoja PTSP-a u sklopu etiologije. Zatim se navode biopsihosocijalni aspekti PTSP-a. U okviru bioloških aspekata PTSP-a naglašava se interakcija raznih moždanih struktura i neuralnih mehanizama prisutnih tijekom proživljavanja traumatskog događaja ili u razvoju poremećaja, nakon čega se u okviru psiholoških aspekata PTSP-a naglašava utjecaj kognitivnih mehanizama na suočavanje i obradu informacija u obliku procjena i vjerovanja. Posljednje, u sklopu socijalnih aspekata PTSP-a naglašavaju se društvena obilježja poput roditeljskog stila, funkcionalnost obiteljskih odnosa i socijalne podrške. Konačno, opisani su načini liječenja PTSP-a u obliku individualne ili grupne psihoterapije, različitih pristupa tretmanu PTSP-a te farmakoterapije
Primjena Montessori pedagogije u nastavi glazbe
No full textMontessori pedagogija alternativni je pedagoški pristup. Cilj joj je potaknuti samostalnost djeteta, odnosno, pripremiti ga za život. Montessori pedagogija utemeljena je na promatranju te ističe važnost procesa individualnog razvoja i uživanja u istome. Dijete je u središtu indivdualnog pristupa koji mu pomaže otkriti sebe i olakšava proces učenja i pamćenja. Montessori pedagogija posebno štuje osjetilne percepcije (vid, sluh, njuh, okus, dodir) pa tako u svojoj jmetodi pronalazi način za izoštravanje istih. U glazbenom odgoju njegovanje sluha je vrlo bitno, a brojna istraživanja pokazuju i značajnost glazbe u socijalnom, emocionalnom, ali i psihofizičkom razvoju djeteta. Montessori pedagogija omogućava djetetu da razvija svoj sluh, a ujedno i koncentraciju raznim vježbama koje djeluju i u pripremi za život. Osim toga, glazbena terapija štuje načela Montessori pedagogije, s toga nije začuđujuće da pronalazimo poveznicu između njih. Svakodnevne aktivnosti poput pjevanja, plesanja, sviranja, slušanja, pokreta i igara u djetetu mogu potaknuti interes za glazbu. Također, djeci s poteškoćama pa tako i onima u ponašanju, možemo pomoći glazbom, ukazujući na strpljenje i razumijevanje. S toga ovaj rad ukazuje na vježbe koje se mogu izvoditi grupno, ali i individualno, uvažavajući Montessori okolinu, materijale i načela.The Montessori approach is an alternative form of approaching the child in pedagogy. The goal is to encourage the child's independence, that is, to prepare him for life. Montessori pedagogy is based on observation and emphasizes the importance of the process and enjoying it. The child gets an individual approach that helps him discover himself and facilitate the learning and memory process. Montessori especially respects sensory perceptions (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch), so in her methods she finds a way to sharpen them. In musical education, the cultivation of hearing is very important, and many studies show the importance of music in social, emotional, and psychophysical development. The Montessori method allows the child to develop his hearing and at the same time concentration through various exercises that work in preparation for life. In addition, music therapy respects the principles of Montessori pedagogy, so it is not surprising that we find a link between them. Everyday activities such as singing, dancing, playing, listening, movement, games can stimulate interest in music in a child. We can also help children with various difficulties, including behavioral ones, with music, showing patience and understanding. With that, this work points to exercises that can be performed in groups, but also with an individual approach, respecting the Montessori environment, materials and principles
Music in Literature Teaching
No full textRaznim reformama godinama su se mijenjali pristupi poučavanju u svrhu traženja najboljih načina kojima bismo dobili motivirane, zadovoljne učenike željne istraživanja novih spoznaja. Različitim postupcima i metodama suvremena nastava nastoji posebno svakom učeniku pružiti ponešto iz okvira njegovih vlastitih interesa. Iako je u današnje doba vrlo teško interese učenika uklopiti kao motivaciju u obrazovanju, određeni podražaji bliskiji učenicima, kao što su to glazbeni podražaji kojima su inspirirane metode za nastavu književnosti koje su u fokusu ovoga rada, mogu uvelike pomoći u motiviranju i povećavanju zainteresiranosti učenika. Budući da glazba ima mnoge pozitivne učinke na čovjeka, poželjno je da je prisutna i u učionici. Ako su i nastavnikovi hobiji povezani s glazbom, nastavnik je kompetentan provoditi sve vrste aktivnosti u kojima će prožimati književnost i glazbu, a time može potaknuti zanesenost čijim se razvojem bavi pozitivna psihologija. Glazbu i književnost moguće je povezivati u ranoj i predškolskoj dobi, u razrednoj nastavi, u predmetnoj nastavi te u srednjoj školi, za što su predstavljeni konkretni primjeri. Rezultati anketa pokazali su razne reakcije učenika i studenata na korelaciju književnosti i glazbe, a te su reakcije, bez iznimke, imale pozitivan predznak
Pedagogue's Activity in Designing Extracurricular Activities for Primary School Pupils
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati djelatnost pedagoga u oblikovanju izvannastavnih aktivnosti učenika osnovne škole. Izvannastavne aktivnosti važni su čimbenici kvalitetnog provođenja slobodnog vremena djece i mladih, a mijenjale su se tijekom godina. Ove aktivnosti različitih su organizacijskih oblika okupljanja učenika u slobodno izvannastavno vrijeme u školama, a mogu imati kulturno-umjetničko, športsko, tehničko, rekreacijsko i znanstveno (obrazovno) obilježje i sadržaje. Aktivnosti se kreiraju na temelju kurikuluma u kojem slobodu imaju oba čimbenika i učenici i učitelji. Pedagozi ističu kako kod učenika postoje sve veći interesi za bavljenjem izvannastavnim aktivnostima i stoga je potreban ozbiljniji pristup i rad na unaprjeđenju ovoga područja. Upravo zbog prepoznavanja ovoga područja kao značajnog za razvitak dječjih sposobnosti i vještina valja se za njega što kvalitetnije pripremiti u okviru školskih ponuda i omogućiti učenicima popunjavanje slobodnog vremena i pridavati mu značaj koji zaslužuje. Aktivnosti u izvannastavnom vremenu škole karakteriziraju povezivanje učenika radom u skupini koju vežu zajedničke sklonosti i interesi prema određenoj aktivnosti. Učenici se u njih uključuju prema vlastitom opredjeljenju, želji i intrinzičnoj motivaciji. Rad naglašava ciljeve i zadatke, metode i područja izvannastavnih aktivnosti u koja se učenici mogu uključiti. Istraživačkim dijelom rada definirani su oblici kojima pedagozi sudjeluju u kreiranju izvannastavnih aktivnosti. Pri kreiranju izvannastavnih aktivnosti učenika pedagozi imaju savjetodavnu ulogu. U anonimnom anketnom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 33 ispitanika, pedagoga diljem Republike Hrvatske, a njihovi odgovori su prikazani deskriptivnom analizom podataka. Uz ulogu su u istraživanju definirani načini vođenja, kreiranja, oblikovanja i suradnje s drugim sudionicima te procjena kompetentnosti ispitanika pri njezinu kreiranju
Parental Attitudes Towards the Media Impact on Adolescents
No full textCilj istraživanja je ispitati stavove roditelja o utjecaju medija na adolescente te povezanost tih utjecaja sa sociodemografskim karakteristikama roditelja te medijskim uređajima u sobi njihovog djeteta. Problem istraživanja odnosi se na utvrđivanje povezanosti stavova o medijskom utjecaju na adolescente s obzirom na obilježja ispitanika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 155 roditelja učenika koji pohađaju 3 škole u Osijeku; I. gimnazija Osijek, Ekonomska i upravna škola Osijek te Medicinska škola Osijek od kojih je bilo 108 majki (69,7%) te 47 očeva (30,3%). Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da adolescenti imaju prosječno 2 uređaja u sobi. Potvrđena je hipoteza da roditelji i djeca više gledaju zabavne i obrazovne emisije u odnosu na nasilne su jer roditelji koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju izjavili da zajednički s djecom gledaju emisije obrazovnog sadržaja (51%) i emisije zabavnog sadržaja (46,4%) dok emisije nasilnog sadržaja s djecom gleda 15,5% roditelja. Potvrđena je hipoteza da će roditelji s pozitivnijim stavovima o medijima imati više medijskih uređaja u dječjoj sobi jer je prema rezultatima istraživanja postojala vrlo slaba pozitivna povezanost između stavova o pozitivnom utjecaju medija na djecu ispitanika i medijskih uređaja u sobi djece ispitanika (r(153)=0,16, p<0,05). Nije postojala značajna razlika u stavovima ispitanika o medijskom utjecaju s obzirom na njihova sociodemografska obilježja niti je postojala razlika u raspravljanju o medijskom sadržaju roditelja s djecom s obzirom na njihov radni status te su hipoteze 2 i 3 odbačene
The Notion of Philosophical Faith in the Work of Karl Jaspers
No full textFilozofijska vjera jedan je od glavnih pojmova u filozofiji Karla Jaspersa. Cilj ovog završnog rada jest prikazati glavne značajke filozofijske vjere, objasniti njezinu poziciju između empirijske znanosti i objavljene religije, kao i njezine sadržaje i termine koji su važni za njezino razumijevanje. Ovaj će rad također objasniti Jaspersovo viđenje egzistencije i transcendencije, kao i ulogu svijeta u njihovom odnosu. Za potpunu analizu pojma filozofijske vjere potrebno je spomenuti i njezinu borbu s objavljenom religijom, osobito sa „zahtjevom za isključivošću“, te rješenje koje Jaspers naziva „obnovom biblijskih religija“. Jaspers se u svojoj filozofiji dotiče i pojma Boga koji se razlikuje od osobnog Boga religije. U posljednjem poglavlju ovoga rada prikazat će se i odnos filozofijske vjere prema povijesti, kao i njezin naglasak na slobodi i bezgraničnoj komunikaciji između egzistencija, ali i egzistencije i transcendencije
Metadata Standards of Library of Congress
No full textSvrha ovoga rada je dati povijesni prikaz razvoja metapodatkovnih standarda Kongresne knjižnice koji su značajni za knjižničarstvo. Rad se bavi sljedećim standardima MARC-om, MARCXML-om, MODS-om, METS-om te se na kraju spominju i ostali standardi koje Kongresna knjižnica održava, ali nisu toliko značajni za knjižničarstvo. Metapodatkovni standardi se definiraju kao dokumenti uz koje se uspostavlja zajedničko razumijevanje i strukturiranje podataka. Budući da se rad temelji na metapodatkovnim standardima Kongresne knjižnice, predstavljen je značaj i utjecaj Kongresne knjižnice u svijetu knjižničarstva. Kongresna knjižnica je objavljivanjem MARC-a 1966. godine uvela velike promjene u knjižnični sustav i to je bio prvi pokušaj strojnočitljivog katalogiziranja. MARC je ostvario veliki uspjeh, no s vremenom je zastario i postao je prekompliciran, stoga je Kongresna knjižnica odlučila objaviti dva nova standarda MARCXML i MODS. Pomoću MARCXML-a moglo se upravljati MARC podacima u XML okruženju, a MODS se počeo koristiti za potrebe jednostavnijeg opisivanja digitalnih objekata rabeći nazive elemenata na prirodnom jeziku iz znatno reduciranog skupa elemenata iz MARC 21. METS je još jedan od važnijih standarda knjižničarstva kojim se opisuju složeni objekti digitalne knjižnice. Na kraju rada ukratko su predstavljeni i drugi metapodatkovni standardi koje je Kongresna knjižnica objavila ili ih održava, a to su MADS, BIBFRAME, EAD, VRA Core i PREMIS
Anglizmi u njemačkim fitness časopisima
No full textDiese Abschlussarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Rolle Anglizismen in der modernen deutschen Sprache spielen und erklärt am Beispiel von einer Ausgabe der Women’s Health, einer Fitnesszeitschrift, inwieweit sie in der Pressesprache vertreten sind. Es wird die Frage gestellt, was die Gründe für die Übernahme der Anglizismen und Amerikanismen sind und inwieweit sie in der Sprache assimiliert sind. Die Arbeit besteht aus zwei Teilen: einem theoretischen, wo die Grundbegriffe wie sprachliche Entlehnung, Internationalismus, Scheininternationalismus, Anglizismus und Amerikanismus, und Denglisch erläutert werden, und einem praktischen Teil, in dem die Beispiele aus der Zeitschrift analysiert werden. Während der theoretische Teil erklärt, wie Anglizismen in die Sprache eindrangen und in diese aufgenommen wurden, werden im praktischen Teil Beispiele von Anglizismen genannt und anhand ihrer Wortart klassifiziert
Recent trends in Croatian prisons library collections and services
No full textNamen: Članek prikazuje izsledke raziskave, ki je proučevala stanje knjižničnih zbirk in storitev v hrvaških zaporih.
Metodologija: Študija je bila izvedena v aprilu 2019 z uporabo anonimne ankete. Vklju-čena je bila celotna populacija (23 zavodov za prestajanje kazenskih sankcij) in prido-bili smo veljavne rezultate od dvaindvajsetih.
Rezultati: Prikazani so najnovejši podatki o financiranju, izgradnji zbirk, osebju, pro-storu, programih itd. knjižnic hrvaških zaporov ter vpogled v percepcije zaporskega osebja o pomenu branja in zaporskih knjižnic.
Omejitve raziskave: Izhajajo iz omejenih možnosti osebnih stikov z respondenti ter iz značilnosti uporabljene kvantitativne metodologije.
Originalnost: Študija prikazuej pomembne ugotovitve o stanju knjižnic v hrvaških za-porih. Na podlagi primerjav s predhodno študijo ter smernicami IFLA za knjižnične storitve za zapornike so oblikovana priporočila za razvoj hrvaških zaporskih knjižnic, ki so v skladu z mednarodnimi trendi.Purpose: The article presents findings from a study, which investigated the state of li-brary collections and services in Croatian prisons. Methodology: The study was conducted between April and June 2019, with the help of an anonymous survey. The whole population (23 correctional institutions) were in-cluded in the study. Valid responses were obtained from 22 institutions.
Findings: The paper presents the most recent data about library collections and ser-vices of Croatian prison libraries, the organization (funding, collection building, staff, space, programming etc.) and their use. Also, insight into prison staff ’s perception about the importance of reading and prison libraries in general, is given.
Research limitations: These are linked to the difficulties with personal contact with re-spondents and the limitations that are inherent to the quantitative methodology used.
Originality and value: The study presents important findings about the state of prison libraries in Croatia. Based on the comparisons with a previous study and IFLA Guide-lines for Library Services to Prisoners, recommendations are made for the develop-ment of Croatian prison libraries according to the international best practices
Oral Literature in 17th-19th Century Folk Song Collections from Perast
No full textPredmet istraživanja u ovome radu korpus je usmenoknjiževnih tekstova iz osamnaest rukopisnih zbirki pjesama nastalih u Perastu od kraja XVII. do sredine XIX. stoljeća. Dio proučavanih zbirki do danas nije integralno objavljen i proučen, a dio je publiciran u nekoliko posljednjih godina. Zbirke čine tekstovi različitoga žanra, uglavnom usmenoknjiževne provenijencije, ali i prijepisi pjesama dubrovačkih i bokokotorskih pjesnika ranoga novovjekovlja. U radu je dat opis rukopisa, pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja, potom osvrt na društvene i kulturne prilike u Perastu u naznačenoj epohi, nakon čega slijedi analiza posvećena genološkim i tematološkim značajkama proučavanoga korpusa. U genološkome pogledu korpus čini veliki broj epskih, lirskih i lirskoepskih usmenoknjiževnih vrsta, poput bugarštica, deseteračkih epskih pjesama, osmeračkih epskih pjesama, balada, ljubavnih lirskih pjesama, počašnica i sl. Na tematološkome planu analiziran je veći broj fenomena, poput prisutnosti internacionalnih motiva, motiva rata, toposa granice, koncepta identiteta, figure neprijatelja, erotike, motiva flore i faune i dr.The dissertation “Oral Literature in 17th-19th Century Folk Song Collections from Perast” is envisaged as a multidisciplinary research whose intention is to shed light on an important part of the South Slavic cultural heritage that is insufficiently known to the public. The value of this heritage for several fields of humanities and social sciences, primarily the history of literature and culture, is of exceptional importance.
As part of the initial phase of the study, archival research was conducted in the Diocese Archives in Perast, the Science Archives of the Museum and Collection of Baltazar Bogišić of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Cavtat, and in the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, where 18 unpublished folk song collections were found that had been created in Perast in the period from late 17th to mid-19th century. These are mixed collections of mostly oral literature, as well as transcripts of verses by anonymous Dubrovnik-Dalmatian and Boka writers of the time. Considering that the first of these collections was created in Perast in 1696, i.e., 120 years before Vuk Karadžić printed Prostonarodna pjesmarica slavenoserbska and thus opened the golden era of the study of South Slavic oral literature, it is clear that this discovery constitutes a valuable material within the oldest layers of South Slavic oral literature, which has so far unfairly escaped the more thorough interest of researchers. The oral literary forms found in the collections include bugarštice, decasyllabic epic poems, ballads, octosyllabic lyric poems, poems of praise, etc. Among these poems, there are those that appear in various variants in the wider area, on the Croatian and Montenegrin coast and hinterland, but also local poems, which cannot be found outside Perast. Apart from the literary-historical aspect, the material is extremely important from the point of view of cultural studies because it is rare evidence of hajduks who played an important role in that region in a certain period, but also as testimony of life, customs, relations with Ottoman Risan and Herceg Novi and relations with Kotor, a city under Venetian influence at the time. In addition to a broader cultural-historical review of the folk culture of the early modern period in Perast, the material offered by the folk song collections was observed as its integral part, with analysis from a genealogical and thematic point of view. As part of the work on the dissertation, multidisciplinary research was performed, which resulted in complete monographic processing of the corpus. In addition to the listed institutions, archival research was also conducted at the State Archives and the University Library in Split, the Historical Archives in Kotor and the Museum of the City of Perast. This research was helpful in the process of identifying the authors of individual manuscripts and supplementing the research with valuable information.
In this study, an attempt is made to present the aforementioned rich tradition, so far only rarely and incidentally seen as a whole, in more details. In the first part of the thesis, relevant information is provided about the corpus and access to the material. These are, as it was noted above, manuscripts that have until recently been published only partially, without insight into the integral manuscripts, some of which I have prepared for publication in recent years, together with Adnan Čirgić, a colleague and friend, with others still waiting to be published. We found the manuscripts of the largest part of the corpus in the Diocese Archives in Perast, the Museum and Collection of Baltazar Bogišić in Cavtat, and in the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. On the other hand, we reconstructed some collections on the basis of transcripts or partial publications, so the total number of collections that were the subject of our interest was reduced to 18 manuscripts. Additional research was also conducted, supplementing certain details related to the corpus or compilers of the collections, as well as the historical context itself, in the archive department of the Museum of the City of Perast, the Historical Archives in Kotor and the State Archives and University Library in Split. During the research, some details were found that have not been known to science so far, such as the well-founded assumption that as many as three oral literary collections were handwritten by Ivan Antun Nenadić, then that Ivan Kolović’s folk song collection is still preserved, and we managed to reconstruct the important recording work of Jozo Šilopi, previously known only nominally. Recording oral texts – on the basis of graphemes used it can be assumed that they were copied from older, today unknown manuscripts – was the privilege of the representatives of the Perast patrician layer, and apart from being recorders of oral and literary transcripts of Dubrovnik-Dalmatian literature, most copyists were engaged in other oral literature or historiographical work, so an attempt was made to present that work in its entirety, where sufficient biographical data existed.
In the second part of the study, the history of research in Boka oral literature is presented and critically commented on, from the first review as of 1868 until today. Perhaps this part of the study can be said to be unusually extensive given the fact that it mostly relates to unpublished material, but this abundant literature actually builds on the partial publication of the corpus by Baltazar Bogišić and to a lesser extent Miroslav Pantić. Therefore, this chapter is divided into sections that reflect the activities of both of them, with an introductory part in which a review is given of the contribution of Srećko Vulović in the discovery, preservation and description of this corpus.
In the third part, a brief overview of social, literary and cultural conditions in Perast from the late 17th to mid-19th century is presented, within an effort to shed light on the specific historical position of Perast, its importance as a border post of the Venetian Republic, as well as the role played by hajduks living in and around Perast during the Ottoman–Venetian wars. Furthermore, effort was made to present the special social order of Perast in the early modern period, based on a high degree of communal autonomy and awareness of the aristocratic origin of the twelve original Perast family fraternities. The cultural achievements of that area are reflected upon in a brief overview of the activities of Perast writers, church presentations as a special dramatic form, a note on important holidays, festivities and customs of the community and, finally, a review of Perast carnivals, interpreted here as one of the forms of “state ideological apparatus”.
The final, fourth part of the study is focused primarily on the genealogical and thematic features of the corpus. Special attention is paid to the Perast bugarštice, from the question of their naming and origin to questioning the phenomena of war, borders, identity and otherness in them. It is also pointed out that Perast bugarštice can be divided both thematically and stylistically into two repertoires, the first of which consists of poems with mainly medieval, chivalrous themes, similar to ballads in terms of design, while the second repertoire refers to Perast history of the 17th and 18th centuries and has the character of a chronicle and epic. A small subchapter is dedicated to the decasyllabic oral epic, including a model of classification that is again reduced to two parts, poems of Ugrophile and Turkophile provenance, with the remnants of chivalrous epic poetry, as the first section which is not specific to Perast but belongs to Štokavian language area, and another section in which there are poems that refer to famous historical events or personalities from the 17th and 18th centuries. Within this group, again, there is a provisional division into hajduk poems, which belong to the type of epics about outlaws from the authorities and the law, and mostly chronicle poems about historical events, naval and land battles, which correspond to the type of border epics. Along with the model of the predominantly chivalrous representation of the opponents inherited from bugarštice, the Vlachs are extremely negatively characterised in these poems, as non- chivalrous, cruel, treacherous and greedy people. The last part of the fourth chapter is dedicated to oral lyric poetry, within which special attention is paid to Perast poems of praise, as a special form of ordinary lyric poetry, which according to the number of written texts is the dominant oral genre within our corpus. Finally, a reflection is made on other oral lyric genres, with wedding and love lyrics being especially popular, with a somewhat smaller number of records of family and mythological lyrics.
Eighteen preserved or reconstructed collections of predominantly oral literary provenance in the small city of Perast are a testimony to the rich heritage of this type of literature on the Montenegrin coast in the early modern period. Their antiquity, but also the strong stamp of the peculiarities of the environment in which they were created or adapted, bring a special value to this corpus by which it is presented as an unavoidable, initial phase for studying South Slavic oral literature