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Interface : eksperimentalno učilište s interkulturalnim centrom : diplomski rad : fotografija modela 1
No full textInfluence of Mineral Additives on the Properties of Concrete in the Marine Environment : Master's Thesis
No full textMorsko okruženje spada među najagresivnije razrede izloženosti okoliša stoga je važno posebnu pažnju posvetiti projektiranju sastava betona. U ovom okruženju, trajnost betonskih konstrukcija se smanjuje jer se javljaju razni fizikalni, kemijski i biološki procesi koji dovode do razaranja betona. Mineralni dodaci upotrebljavaju se za poboljšanje svojstva betona te se postiže veća otpornost betona na kloride čime se produljuje vijek trajanja konstrukcija. U eksperimentalnom dijelu napravljeno je pet mješavina s različitim postotkom mineralnih dodataka na kojima su se provela difuzijska ispitivanja. Cilj rada je istražiti kako mineralni dodaci utječu na svojstva betona koji će se nalaziti u morskom okruženju.The marine environment is one of the most aggressive environmental exposure classes, so it is important to pay special attention to the design composition of concrete. In this environment, the durability of concrete structures decreases as various physical, chemical and biological processes occur that lead to destruction of concrete. Mineral additives are used to improve the properties of concrete against chlorides and extending the service life of structures. In the experimental part, five mixtures were made with different percentages of mineral additives on which diffusion tests were performed. The aim of this study is to investigate how mineral additives affect properties of concrete in the marine environment
Impact of rubber aggregate treatment on the mechanical properties of cement stabilized base course with waste rubber
No full textUgradnja otpadne gume u cementom stabilizirane nosive slojeve kolnika pokazuje nedostatke kao što je smanjenje čvrstoće mješavine. Kako bi se ti nedostaci nadomjestili, guma se može tretirati različitim sredstvima i na različite načine. Ovo istraživanje obuhvaća tretiranje gume natrijevim hidroksidom i kipućom vodom. Guma tretirana na ovaj način ugrađena je u mješavinu definiranu u sklopu projekta „RubSuPave“ koja nije zadovoljila uvjete tlačne čvrstoće za ugradnju u nosive slojeve kolnika. Rezultati pokazuju kako oba tretmana gume uzrokuju smanjenje tlačne čvrstoće mješavine. Pri tome je smanjenje nakon 7 dana podjednako, dok su bolji rezultati postignuti nakon 28 dana tretmanom natrijevim hidroksidom. Uz to, nakon 28 dana njege postignuta je veća krutost stabilizacijske mješavine s gumom tretiranom natrijevim hidroksidom. Dodatno je analizirana i površina gume pretražnim elektronskim mikroskopom čime je utvrđeno kako su oba tretmana uzrokovala znatnu nepravilnost površine gume. Primijenjenim metodama nije postignuto povećanje čvrstoće mješavine.The incorporation of waste rubber in cement-stabilized bearing layers exhibits drawbacks, such as a reduction in the mixture's strength. To address these drawbacks, various treatments can be applied to the rubber. This research investigates the treatment of rubber with sodium hydroxide and boiling water. The rubber treated using these methods was incorporated into a mixture defined within the „RubSuPave“ project that did not meet the compressive strength requirements for installation in the pavement's bearing layers. The results indicate that both rubber treatments lead to a decrease in the compressive strength of the mixture. After 7 days, the reduction is similar for both treatments, while better results were achieved after 28 days with the sodium hydroxide treatment. Additionally, after 28 days of curing, the rubber treated with sodium hydroxide exhibited increased stiffness in the stabilization mixture. Furthermore, the rubber surface was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, revealing significant irregularities caused by both treatments. The applied methods did not result in an increase in the mixture's strength
Određivanje mogućnosti georadara u ocjeni stanja konstrukcija
No full textThe condition assessment of structures using the non-destructive ground penetrating radar (GPR) method is based on the analysis of the strength, sign and shape of the signal reflected from the objects under the examined surface. Therefore, it is used for locating reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures, determining the type and structure of structural elements, evaluating the corrosion of reinforcement, etc. This paper presents the applicability of the GPR method for locating reinforcement and determining the geometry of structural elements, as well as the study of the sensitivity of the GPR signal to chloride-induced corrosion parameters.Ocjena stanja konstrukcija nerazornom metodom georadar (GPR) temelji se na analizi jakosti, predznaka i oblika reflektiranog signala od objekte ispod ispitivane površine. Stoga se koristi za lociranje armature u armiranobetonskim konstrukcijama, određivanje vrste i strukture konstruktivnih elemenata, ocjenu korozije armature, itd. U ovom radu prikazana je primjenjivost georadara za lociranje armature i određivanje geometrije konstruktivnih elemenata, kao i studija o osjetljivosti signala georadara na parametre korozije izazvane kloridima
Flat-jack method for testing masonry
No full textNedavni seizmički događaji koji su protresli Hrvatsku naglašavaju potrebu za obnovom značajnog broja postojećih građevina. Veliki dio njih spada među ranjive nearmirane zidane konstrukcije. Kako bi obnova i pojačanje takvih konstrukcija bili efikasni i održivi, potrebno je provesti detaljne istražne radove u procesu ocjene postojećeg stanja građevinske konstrukcije korištenjem raznih metoda. Flat-jack metoda pokazala se kao vrlo korisna polurazorna metoda ispitivanja. Ona pomoću plosnatih preša unosi naprezanje u ziđe te posljedično uzrokuje njegovu deformaciju. Mjerenjem spomenutih naprezanja i deformacije te obradom dobivenih podataka osigurava se uvid u mehanička svojstva ziđa. Kroz tri faze spitivanja mogu se odrediti vertikalno stanje naprezanja, modul elastičnosti i početna posmična čvrstoća ziđa.The recent seismic events that shook Croatia made it clear that there is a great need for the
renovation of a significant number of existing buildings. A large portion of these are vulnerable
buildings made of unreinforced masonry. In order to make the renovation and strengthening of
such structures efficient and sustainable, detailed investigations must be conducted to assess
the existing condition of the structure. Various methods are used for this purpose. The flat-jack
method has been proven to be a very useful semi-destructive testing method. Flat-jacks are
used to apply stress to the masonry, causing it to deform. An insight into the mechanical
properties of the masonry is acquired by measuring the aforementioned stresses and
deformations and processing the measured data. The vertical stress state, the modulus of
elasticity, and the initial shear strength of the masonry can be determined during the three test
phases
Static Calculation of Family House : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textU radu je prikazan statički proračun manje obiteljske kuće. Građevina se sastoji dvije etaže, prizemlja i potkrovlja sa kosim krovom. Izvedba građevine je zidana sa armirano betonskom međukatnom monolitnom pločom i fert gredicama kao konstrukcija krova. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis konstrukcije, opće i posebne tehničke uvjete, plan kontrole i osiguranja kvalitete, proračun nosivih konstrukcijskih elemenata i karakteristične građevinske nacrte i armaturne planove.The static design of a small family house is presented in this work. The building consists of two stories: the ground floor and attic with a slated roof. The construction of the house is masonry walls with reinforced concrete slab between stories and fert structure as roof structure. The work includes technical description of the structure, general and particular conditions of civil engineering works, control plan, and quality assurance plan, calculation of the main structural elements as well as characteristic structural plans and reinforcement plans
Design of the Overpass above Highway : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textU radu je prikazan glavni projekt nadvožnjaka preko autoceste. Nadvožnjak se sastoji od dva jednaka raspona (19 m) i polumontažne je izvedbe. Stup između dva polja projektiran je kao “V“ stup. Niveleta nadvožnjaka je oko 8.6 m iznad nivelete autoceste tako da ima dosta prostora za slobodan profil ispod nadvožnjaka. Projekt sadrži proračun uzdužnog, poprečnog nosača i stupa, te karakteristične građevinske nacrte i tehnički opis.This paper presents the main design of the overpass above the highway. The structure is semi prefabricated and it consists of two equal spans (19 m). The middle pier is V-shaped. Elevation of the overpass is cca. 8.6 m above highway elevation and therefore leaves enough space for traffic beneath the overpass. The work includes the calculation of the longitudinal, and transversely span girders and columns, and characteristic construction plans as well as a technical description of the construction
Design of the Overpass above Highway : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textU radu je prikazan glavni projekt nadvožnjaka preko autoceste. Nadvožnjak se sastoji od dva jednaka raspona (16 m) i polumontažne je izvedbe. Stup između dva polja projektiran je kao “V”stup. Niveleta nadvožnjaka je oko 9 m iznad nivelete autoceste tako da ima dosta prostora za slobodan profil ispod nadvožnjaka. Projekt sadrži proračun uzdužnog, poprečnog nosača i stupa, te karakteristične građevinske nacrte i tehnički opis.This paper presents the main design of the overpass above the highway. The structure is semi prefabricated and it consists of two equal spans (16 m). The middle pier is V-shaped. Elevation of the overpass is cca. 9 m above highway elevation and therefore leaves enough space for traffic beneath the overpass. The work includes the calculation of the longitudinaly, transversely span girders and column, and characteristic construction plans as well as technical descriptions of the constructio
Static Structural Calculation of a Residential Building : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je statički proračun,te dimenzioniranje svih dijelova konstrukcije stambene zgrade. Nakon odrađenih proračuna te dimenzioniranja potrebno je izraditi armaturne nacrte dijelova konstrukcije sa iskazima količina utrošene armature. Za proračun konstrukcije je korišten software „Tower“, a za izradu armaturnih nacrta software „Armcad“. Tlocrtne dimenzije objekta su 21,20m x 13,10m, ukupna visina građevine iznosi H=15,00m dok je visina iznad kote terena H=12,05m.Područje u kojem se nalazi planirana građevina ima ubrzanje tla a = 0,278g.Potresne sile preuzimaju međusobno okomito postavljeni AB zidovi.The topic of this thesis is static calculation and dimensioning of all parts of the construction of a residential building. After the calculations and sizing, it is necessary to make reinforcement drawings of parts of the structure with statements of the amount of reinforcement used. The "Tower" software was used for the calculation of the structure, and the "Armcad" software for the construction of reinforcement plans. The floor plan dimensions of the building are 21,20 m x 13,10 m, the total height of the building is H = 15,00 m, while the height above ground level is H = 12,05 m. The area where the planned building is located has soil acceleration a = 0.278g. The seismic forces are taken over by mutually perpendicularly placed AB wall
The influence of temperature and load duration on the behavior of laminated glass beams
No full textU ovom radu prikazane su neke od osnovnih karakteristika laminiranog stakla te različiti pristupi proračunu nosača izrađenih od laminiranog stakla. Prvo je detaljno opisan mehanizam ponašanja laminiranih staklenih elemenata u fazama prije loma, potom za vrijeme loma te naposlijetku nakon loma staklenih elemenata. Opisan je utjecaj svakog materijala na pojedinu fazu te njegove specifičnosti vezane uz vrstu opterećenja i druge vanjske utjecaje. Opisani su pristupi proračunu koji preporučuju norme, kao i njihove prednosti te nedostatci. Daljnji fokus rada je na elementima koji su opterećeni okomito na ravninu pajanja panela te je analiziran statički sustav sukladno normi EN 1288-3 [1] koja opisuje postupak testiranja staklenih elemenata na statičko opterećenje savijanjem u četiri točke (four-point bending). U analizi nosači su izloženi različitim trajanjima opterećenja, kao i različitim atmosferskim temperaturama. Rezultati potvrđuju značajan utjecaj temperature i trajanja opterećenja na nosivost staklenih laminiranih nosača.This paper presents some of the basic characteristics of laminated glass and different approaches to the design of elements made of laminated glass. First, the behavior mechanism of laminated glass elements is described in detail for the stages before breakage, during breakage, and after breakage. Also, the influence of each of the materials on a particular phase is described, as well as their peculiarities related to the type of load and other external influences. Different design approaches recommended by the regulations are described, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Further on, the focus of the work is on the elements that are loaded perpendicular to the panel plane, and static systems are analyzed in accordance with the EN 1288-3 [1] standard, which describes the procedure for testing glass elements for static loading by four-point bending. In the analysis, the elements are exposed to different load durations as well as different atmospheric temperatures. The results of the analysis confirm the significant influence of temperature and load duration on the load capacity of glass laminated elements