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Garage + : Master's Thesis
No full textSplitski poluotok suvremeni je pandan Dioklecijanovoj palači unutar koje je nastao grad a čije je zidove s vremenom prerastao. Zbog svoje geografske predodređenosti, grad koji nema više prostora za širenje kao jedinstvena cjelina sve daljnje razvojne strategije treba bazirati na homogenizaciji gradske strukture, zasnovanoj na infrastrukturi koja podnosi dana opterećenja dok je dovoljno fleksibilna za daljnji razvoj. Ispitivanje mogućnosti prenamjene i uređenja nadzemnog djela željezničkog koridora na potezu od Turske kule do Starog pazara koji u trenutnom stanju ne ispunjava svoje potencijale ni funkcionalno ni estetski, tema je ovog rada. Prateći trasu tunela, vidljivo je da se njegovom gotovo čitavom duljinom pružaju parkirne površine, dok prostor u naravi ima karakter pješačke osi, koja je tu i planirana ali nikada uređena. Oslobađanje trase potrebno za uređenje pješačkog pravca omogućilo bi povezivanje gradskog centra, odnosno pješačke zone na južnoj obali, sa Turskom kulom i sjevernom obalom splitskog poluotoka, čiji je daljnji razvoj zapravo pitanje novog identiteta tog čitavog poteza, nekadašnje industrijske zone. Obzirom na opseg zahvata vraćanja partera njegovoj predviđenoj namjeni i korisniku, očekivano je provođenje u fazama, odnosno kroz izgradnju sustava garaža ili preuređenje parkirališnih površina na spomenutnom potezu.Uređenjem istočne obale i prostora Starog pazara koji se očekuju te provedenim natječajem za uređenje prostora uz bedem Contarini, započinje formiranje pješačke trase čija je treća faza proboja prema sjeveru na prostoru od Zagrebačke do Vukovarske ulice riješena izgradnjom garažnog objekta sa integriranim javnim sadržajima i hotelskim smještajem.The Split peninsula is the contemporary counterpart of Diocletian's palace, within which the city was born and whose walls it outgrew over time. Due to its geographic predetermination, the city has no more space for expansion, and all further development strategies should be based on the homogenization of the city structure, based on an infrastructure that can withstand daily loads while being flexible enough for further growth of the city. This paper suggests and examines the repurposing and arrangement of the above-ground part of the railway corridor from the Turska kula to the Stari Pazar, which in its current state does not fulfill its potential either functionally or aesthetically. Following the route of the tunnel, it is obvious that almost its entire length is crowded with parking areas, while the space has the character of a pedestrian axis, planned but never fully formed. Repurposing of the axis in the pedestrian route would enable the connection of the city center, that is, the pedestrian zone on the south coast, with the northern coast of the Split peninsula, the further development of which is actually a question of the new identity of the former industrial zone. With the expected renovations of the eastern coast and the area of the Stari Pazar, as well as next to the Contarini rampart, the formation of the pedestrian route began. The third phase of the breakthrough towards the north is in the area from Zagrebačka to Vukovarska Street. Considering the scope of the operation of returning the ground floor to its intended purpose and user, it is expected to be carried out in stages, through the construction of a garage system or the remodeling of parking areas on the mentioned zone in a way that meets the needs of both people and cars
Ri:make : Master's Thesis
No full textReferiranjem na Robnu kuću Ri ekstraktira se prepoznatljiv "Ri" i sjedinjuje sa riječi "remake" pa tako proizlazi "Ri:make" kao naslov rada. Ponovno stvaranje odnosi se na kontekst Rijeke, ali i na temu robnih kuća koje gube na svojem značaju promjenom društvenih vrijednosti. Preispituje se tema maloprodaje i na koji način ju integrirati s ostalim sadržajima. Obuhvat lokacije je u samom centru i obuhvaća 4 prostora: Korzo, Trg Republike, Robna kuća Ri i Gat Karoline Riječke. Zajedno čine petlju različitih događaja i scenarija. Tako u duhu novih potreba nastaju fleksibilni, polivalentni prostori koji podupiru konstantnu mijenu događaja. Iz specifičnog odnosa Rijeke i mora nastaje nova kuća, potpuna hipertrofija.By referring to the department store Ri, the recognizable "Ri" is extracted and combined with the word "remake", thus resulting in "Ri: make" as the project title. The remake refers to the context of Rijeka, but also to the topic of department stores losing their importance due to the change in social values. The topic of retail and its integration with other content is reviewed. The site is located in the center of the city and includes 4 areas: Korzo, Trg Republike, Ri Department Store, and Gat Karoline Riječke. Together they form a loop of different events and scenarios. Thus, in the spirit of new needs, flexible, polyvalent spaces are created that support the constant change of events. From the specific relationship between Rijeka and the sea, a new house is born, complete hypertrophy
Seizmička izolacija osnove građevine uporabom prirodnih materijala - eksperimentalna i numerička provjera : disertacija
No full textThe problem under consideration is the earthquake impact on structures. The subject of the performed research is the efficiency of seismic base isolation using layers of predominantly natural materials below the foundation, as well as the development of a numerical model for seismic analysis of structures with such isolation. The aseismic layers below foundation are made of limestone sand - ASL-1, stone pebbles - ASL-2, and stone pebbles combined with layers of geogrid and geomembrane - ASL-3. The experimental research methodology is based on the use of shake-table and other modern equipment for dynamic and static testing of structures. Experiments were conducted on the basis of detailed research plan and program. Efficiency of the limestone sand layer - ASL-1 was tested on cantilever concrete columns, under seismic excitations up to failure, varying the sand thickness and intensity of seismic excitation. Influence of several layer parameters on the efficiency of stone pebble layer - ASL-2 was investigated. For each considered layer parameter, a rigid model M0 was exposed to four different accelerograms, with three levels of peak ground acceleration (0.2 g, 0.4 g and 0.6 g), while all other layer parameters were kept constant. On the basis of test results, the optimal pebble layer was adopted. Afterwards, the optimal ASL-2 efficiency was tested on various model parameters: stiffness (deformable models M1-M4), foundation size (small and large), excitation type (four earthquake accelerograms), and stress level in the model (elastic and up to failure). In the ASL-3 composite aseismic layer, the optimal ASL-2 is combined with a thin additional layer of sliding material (geogrid, geomembrane above limestone sand layer), in order to achieve greater efficiency of this layer than that of the ASL-2. A total of eleven different aseismic layers were considered. To determine the optimal ASL-3, the M0 model was used, like for the ASL-2. On the basis of test results, the optimal ASL-3 layer was adopted (one higher strength geogrid at the pebble layer top). The optimal ASL-3 is tested on various model parameters, analogous to the optimal ASL-2. A numerical model for reliable seismic analysis of concrete, steel, and masonry structures with seismic base isolation using ASL-2 was developed, with innovative constitutive model for seismic isolation. The model can simulate the main nonlinear effects of mentioned materials, and was verified on performed experimental tests. In relation to the rigid base - RB without seismic isolation, model based on the ASL-1 had an average reduction in seismic force and strain/stress by approximately 10% at lower PGA levels and approximately 14% at model failure. Due to the effect of sand calcification over time, the long-term seismic efficiency of such a layer is questionable. It was concluded that the aseismic layers ASL-2 and ASL-3 are not suitable for models of medium-stiff structure M3 and soft structure M4. In relation to the RB without seismic isolation, the M1 (very stiff structure) and M2 (stiff structure) based on the ASL-2 had an average reduction in seismic force and strain/stress by approximately 13% at lower PGA levels and approximately 25% at model failure. In relation to the RB without seismic isolation, the M1 and M2 based on the ASL-3 had an average reduction in seismic force and strain/stress by approximately 25% at lower PGA levels and approximately 34% at model failure. In relation to the RB without seismic isolation, the ASL-2 and ASL-3 did not result in major M1 and M2 model displacements, which was also favourable. It is concluded that the ASL-2 and especially ASL-3 have great potential for seismic base isolation of very stiff and stiff structures, as well as small bridges based on solid ground, but further research is needed. In addition, it was concluded that the developed numerical model has great potential for practical application. Finally, further verification of the created numerical model on the results of other experimental tests is needed, but also improvement of the developed constitutive models.Problem koji se razmatra je utjecaj potresa na građevine. Predmet istraživanja je efikasnost seizmičke izolacije osnove građevine uporabom prirodnih materijala, kao i razvoj numeričkog modela za dinamičku analizu konstrukcija s predmetnom seizmičkom izolacijom. Aseizmički slojevi ispod temelja izrađeni su od vapnenačkog pijeska - ASL-1, kamenih oblutaka - ASL-2 i kamenih oblutaka u kombinaciji s geomrežama i geomembranom - ASL-3. Metodologija eksperimentalnih istraživanja temelji se na korištenju potresne platforme i ostale moderne opreme za statička i dinamička ispitivanja konstrukcija. Eksperimenti su provedeni prema detaljnom planu i programu ispitivanja. Efikasnost sloja ASL-1 testirana je na konzolnim armiranobetonskim stupovima izloženim seizmičkom djelovanju do sloma, gdje je varirana debljina sloja pijeska i intenzitet seizmičke pobude. Istražen je utjecaj više parametara sloja oblutaka ASL-2 na njegovu aseizmičku efikasnost. Za svaki razmatrani parametar model krute zgrade M0 izložen je djelovanju četiriju različitih akcelerograma, s tri razine vršnog ubrzanja (0.2 g, 0.4 g i 0.6 g), dok su ostali parametri sloja nepromjenjivi. Na temelju rezultata testova odabran je optimalni sloj ASL-2. Potom je efikasnost optimalnog sloja ASL-2 testirana pod utjecajem raznih parametara modela: krutost (deformabilni modeli M1-M4), veličina temelja (mali, veliki), tip potresa (četiri različita akcelerograma) i razina naprezanja (elastična, do sloma). Da bi se dobio još efikasniji aseizmički sloj ASL-3, optimalnom sloju ASL-2 dodavani su razni klizni slojevi (geomreže, geomembrana na sloju pijeska). Kreirano je jedanaest različitih kompozitnih slojeva ASL-3 čija je efikasnost testirana na modelu krute zgrade M0 kao kod sloja ASL-2. Na temelju rezultata testova određen je optimalni sloj ASL-3 (ASL-2 s jednom geomrežom veće površine na vrhu sloja). Potom je efikasnost optimalnog sloj ASL-3 testirana pod utjecajem raznih parametara modela, kao kod testiranja sloja ASL-2. Razvijen je pouzdani numerički model za seizmičku analizu betonskih, čeličnih i zidanih konstrukcija sa seizmičkom izolacijom baze pomoću sloja ASL-2, s inovativnim konstitutivnim modelom aseizmičkog sloja. Model može simulirati najvažnije nelinearne efekte u navedenim materijalima, a provjeren je na rezultatima provedenih eksperimentalnih testova. Zaključeno je da, u odnosu na krutu podlogu, sloj ASL-1 može povećati sigurnost testiranih modela za približno 10% pri nižim razinama ubrzanja podloge te približno 14% pri slomu modela. Zbog efekta kalcifikacije pijeska dugotrajna efikasnost ovog sloja je upitna. Zaključeno je da razmatrane aseizmičke podloge ASL-2 i ASL-3 nisu prikladne kod modela srednje krutih M3 i mekih konstrukcija M4. U odnosu na krutu podlogu RB, modeli M1 (vrlo kruta konstrukcija) i M2 (kruta konstrukcija) s aseizmičkim slojem ASL-2 imali su prosječno smanjenje potresnih sila i naprezanja/deformacija od 13% pri nižim razinama ubrzanja podloge te približno 25% pri slomu modela. U odnosu na RB modeli M1 i M2 sa aseizmičkim slojem ASL-3 imali su prosječno smanjenje potresnih sila i naprezanja/deformacija od 25% pri nižim razinama ubrzanja podloge, te približno 34% pri slomu modela. U odnosu na RB modeli M1 i M2 oslonjeni na ASL-2 i ASL-3 nisu imali veće pomake, što je povoljno. Zaključeno je da slojevi ASL-2 i ASL-3 imaju veliki potencijal za praktičnu primjenu kod vrlo krutih i krutih zgrada, kao i mostova manjih raspona temeljenih na čvrstom tlu. Ipak, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja. Također, zaključeno je da razvijeni numerički model ima veliki potencijal za praktičnu primjenu. Potrebna je daljnja verifikacija kreiranog modela na rezultatima eksperimentalnih testova, kao i poboljšanje razvijenih konstitutivnih modela
Static Calculation of Student Dorm : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textU radu je prikazan statički proračun studentskog doma. Studentski dom se sastoji od prizemlja, tri etaže i ravnog krova. Nosiva konstrukcija građevine je od armiranog betona. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis, proračun nosivih konstrukcija elemenata te karakteristične građevinske nacrte.The static calculation of student dorm is presented in this work. The building consist of three stories, ground floor and flat roof. Structure is made of reinforced concrete. The work includes tehnical description of the structure, calculation of structure, calculation of the main structural elements and characteristic structural plans
