Repository of Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb
Not a member yet
2768 research outputs found
Sort by
Isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the degreasing agent
No full textUklanjanje masnoća u svakodnevnom životu stvara problem i konstantno se pokušavaju pronaći novi, lakši načini, za uklanjanje otpadnih masti te se poseže za različitim sredstvima koja najčešće nisu učinkovita ili, u velikoj mjeri, onečišćuju okoliš kada se puste u odvod, pogotovo ako se ne ispuštaju u sustav javne odvodnje nego idu direktno u okoliš. Problemi koji nastaju zbrinjavanjem otpadnih masnoća u kućanstvu polako se rješavaju edukacijom stanovništva o ekološki prihvatljivim sredstvima, a velike tvrtke, industrije i uslužne djelatnosti ulažu dodatna sredstva za zbrinjavanje masnoća prema propisima i zakonskim regulativama. Zahvaljujući istraživanjima i testiranjima kemičara i biologa, počela su se primjenjivati otapala masnoća koja u sebi sadrže mikroorganizme; bakterije i gljive koje ne samo da pospješuju uklanjanje masnoća nego se njome hrane i potom razgrađuju na jednostavnije spojeve koje ne onečišćuju okoliš. U ovom radu ispitivala se prisutnost mikroorganizama u sredstvu za odmašćivanje masti uz prisutnost palminog ulja. U tu svrhu provela se izolacija i identifikacija mikroorganizama te je ustanovljena prisutnost bakterija Staphylococci sp., Pseudomonas sp. i Bacillus cereus, kvasca Candida sp. i plijesni Penicillium sp.The removal of oil in everyday life creates a problem, and new, easier ways are constantly being tried to remove waste fats, and different means are used, which are usually not effective or, to a large extent, pollute the environment when they are released into the drain, especially if they are not discharged. into the public drainage system rather than going directly into the environment. Problems arising from the disposal of waste fats in the household are slowly being solved by educating the population about environmentally acceptable means, and large companies, industries and services are investing additional funds for the disposal of fats according to regulations and legal regulations. Thanks to research and testing by chemists and biologists, fat solvents that contain microorganisms began to be used; yeasts, molds and bacteria that not only promote the removal of fat, but feed on it and break it down into simpler compounds that do not pollute the environment. In this work, the presence of microorganisms in a fat degreaser (palm oil) was examined. For this purpose, the isolation and identification of microorganisms was carried out and the presence of the bacterium Staphylococci sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus, yeast Candida sp. and mold Penicillium sp
Toxicity of samples after photolysis
No full textKsenobiotici su strane tvari antropološkog porijekla i onečišćivači okoliša, u kojem završavaju zbog neučinkovitog uklanjanja iz otpadnih voda. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti toksičnost ksenobiotika prije i nakon fotolize pri kiselim, neutralnim i lužnatim pH-vrijednostima (4, 7 i 10), kako bi se utvrdila ekotoksičnost ispitivanih komponenti, smjese njihovih razgradnih/transformacijskih produkata kao i ispitivanje potencijalno negativnih efekta pH-vrijednosti. Niska pH-vrijednost moguća je u okolišu zbog kiselih kiša, dok se visoka vrijednost javlja u prirodnim vodama s povišenom koncentracijom mineralnih tvari (kalcij, magnezij, kalij) kao posljedica trošenja stijena. Fotoliza se vrlo često odvija u okolišu zbog prisutnosti Sunčeve svjetlosti te se može odvijati u različitim medijima. To je proces koji djeluje razgradno na veliki broj kemikalija te može dovesti do nastanka razgradnih/transformacijskih produkata koji su toksičniji od izvornih komponenata. Stoga je zadatak ovog rada simulirati uvjete fotolize koja utječe značajno na transformaciju ksenobiotika u okolišu te odrediti njihovu toksičnost. Ispitivana je toksičnost uzoraka pesticida (acetamiprida, klotianidina, tiakloprida) i antiparazitika (mebendazola, albendazola i febantela). Toksičnost je mjerena u skladu s normom HRN/EN ISO 11348-1:2000 primjenom luminiscentne bakterije Vibrio fischeri, fotoliza je provedena u uređaju SuntestCPS+ u trajanju od 300 min, a analiza uzoraka provedena je u kromatografskom sustavu HPLC-DAD. Svi su uzorci (10 mg L^-1) pokazali toksičnost pri određenim uvjetima. Rezultati mjerenja pokazali su neočekivano veliku toksičnost nakon fotolize uzorka klotianidina samo pri uvjetima pH=10 i uspješno djelovanje fotolize na razgradnju tiakloprida, mebendazola te albendazola bez povećanja toksičnosti. Na uzorcima febantela izmjerena je toksičnost uzrokovana fotolizom hidrolitičkog produkta u lužnatom mediju (pH=10). Potrebno je provesti preciznije analitičke analize kako bi se identificirali razgradni produkti nastali tijekom procesa fotolize.Xenobiotics are foreign substances of anthropological origin and pollutants of the environment, where they end up due to ineffective removal from wastewater. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicity of xenobiotics before and after photolysis at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH-values (4, 7 and 10), in order to determine the ecotoxicity of the examined components, mixtures of their degradation/transformation products, as well as the examination of potentially negative effects of the pH-value. A low pH-value is possible in the environment due to acid rain, while a high value occurs in natural waters with an increased concentration of mineral substances (calcium, magnesium, potassium) as a result of rock deterioration. Photolysis often takes place in the environment due to the presence of sunlight, with possible effect in different media. It is a process that degrades a large number of chemicals and can lead to the formation of degradation/transformation products that are more toxic than the original components. Therefore, the task of this paper is to simulate the conditions of photolysis, which significantly affects the transformation of xenobiotics in the environment, and to determine their toxicity. The toxicity tests were applied on samples of pesticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid) and antiparasitics (mebendazole, albendazole and febantel). Toxicity was measured in accordance with the HRN/EN ISO 11348-1:2000 norm using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, photolysis was performed in a SuntestCPS+ device for 300 min, and sample analysis was performed in an HPLC-DAD chromatographic system. All samples (10 mg L^-1) showed toxicity under certain conditions. The measurement results showed an unexpectedly high toxicity after photolysis of the clothianidin sample at pH=10 conditions and a successful effect of photolysis on the degradation of thiacloprid, mebendazole and albendazole without increasing toxicity. The toxicity measured on febantel samples was caused by the photolysis of the hydrolytic product in an alkaline medium (pH=10). It is necessary to carry out more precise analytical analyzes in order to identify the degradation products formed during the photolysis process
Determination of reactive species during photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid in a rotating photoreactor
No full textPesticidi su kemijski spojevi koji se koriste za suzbijanje štetnih nametnika koji ugrožavaju razne poljoprivredne kulture. Istovremeno mogu imati štetan učinak na okoliš i brojne organizme što predstavlja veliki problem. Neonikotinoidi su relativno nova skupina insekticida sa sve većom primjenom. Jedan od najčešće primjenjivanih neonikotinoida je acetamiprid kojega karakterizira visoka stabilnost i topljivost u vodi, pa stoga može dospjeti u površinske i podzemne vode. Cilj ovog rada je određivanje reaktivnih vrsta odgovornih za uspješno provođenje fotorazgradnje acetamiprida. Za tu svrhu ispitan je utjecaj dodatka različitih spojeva koji selektivno reagiraju s pojedinim reaktivnim vrstama. Acetamiprid je korišten kao modelna komponenta s obzirom da je sastavna komponenta često primjenjivanog insekticida koji dolazi pod trgovačkim imenom Mospilan (Sigma Aldrich) s masenim udjelom od 20%. Fotokatalitička razgradnja acetamiprida ispitana je u rotacijskom fotoreaktoru u uvjetima recirkulacije reakcijske smjese primjenom imobiliziranog sloja TiO2 UVC 4h fotokatalizatora te uz UVA izvore zračenja. Učinkovitost fotorazgradnje praćena je mjerenjem promjene koncentracije acetamiprida s vremenom zračenja primjenom tekućinske kromatografije visoke učinkovitosti. Analizom rezultata utvrđeno je da je fotokatalitička razgradnja učinkovitija od fotolitičke razgradnje. Potvrđeno je da superoksidni anionski radikali i singletni kisik imaju presudnu ulogu u fotokatalitičkoj razgradnji acetamiprida.Pesticides are chemical compounds used to suppress or control pests that threaten various agricultural crops. At the same time, they can have harmful effects on the environment and many organisms, which is a major problem. Neonicotinoids are a new type of insecticide that is being used with increasing frequency. One of the most commonly used neonicotinoids is acetamiprid, which is characterized by high stability and water solubility. Therefore, it can get into the surface and groundwater. The aim of this work is to determine the reactive species responsible for the successful photodegradation of acetamiprid. For this purpose, the influence of the addition of different compounds that selectively react with certain reactive species was tested. Acetamiprid was used as a model compound because it is a constituent component of a commonly used insecticide that comes under the trade name Mospilan (Sigma Aldrich) with a mass fraction of 20%. Photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid was tested in a rotating photoreactor under conditions of recirculation of the reaction mixture with an immobilized photocatalyst layer and with a UVA radiation source. TiO2 UVC 4h was used as the catalyst. The efficiency of photodegradation was monitored based on the change of acetamiprid concentration with irradiation time using high-performance performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the results showed that photocatalytic degradation was more effective than photolytic degradation. Superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen play a crucial role in the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid
Thermal radiation
No full textToplinsko zračenje je širenje topline elektromagnetskim valovima. Sve tvari s temperaturom većom od apsolutne nule u prirodi emitiraju toplinsko zračenje. Ono nastaje toplinskim gibanjem unutar tvari. Ljudi nisu ni svjesni kako se toplinsko zračenje nalazi svuda oko nas. Nekih od primjera su: zagrijavanje Zemlje pomoću Sunca; toplinska energija koju emitira radijator; svjetlosna energija koju zrače žarulje sa žarnom niti; plamenovi, ugljen i vruće cigle zrače toplinu izravno na predmete u prostoriji. Svrha ovog rada bila je dati pregled najvažnijih zakona kojima se može opisati djelovanje toplinskog zračenja, a to su Wienov zakon, Planckov zakon zračenja crnog tijela, Stefan-Boltzmannov zakon i Kirchhoffov zakon. Pojašnjeno je ponašanje navedenih zakona na idealnom crnom tijelu, ali i kod realnih sustava.Thermal radiation is the spread of heat by electromagnetic waves. All matter in nature with a temperature higher than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. It is created by thermal motion within matter. People are not even aware that thermal radiation is everywhere around us. Some examples are: the heating of the Earth by the Sun; the heat energy emitted by the radiator; the light energy emitted by incandescent bulbs; the flames, coal and hot bricks radiate heat directly to the objects in the room. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the most important laws that can describe the action of thermal radiation, namely Wien's law, Planck's law of blackbody radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann's law and Kirchhoff's law. The behavior of the aforementioned laws on an ideal blackbody, but also on the real systems, is clarified
Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration of 2-aryl supstituted benzimidazole derivatives on E. coli (ATCC 25922), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 27736), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923)
No full textSve veći ubrzani porast bakterijske rezistencije danas predstavlja jedan od važnijih problema s kojim se čovječanstvo susreće stoga je sve veća potreba za sintezom novih spojeva koji imaju inhibitorno djelovanje. Derivati heterocikličkih spojeva, benzimidazoli i benzotiazoli, predstavljaju potencijalno biološki aktivne agense stoga je sve veći interes za njihovu sintezu i proučavanje antimikrobnog djelovanja. U okviru ovog rada određena je minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija (MIC) 2-aril supstituiranih derivata benzimidazola na Gram pozitivne bakterije, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) i Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), i Gram negativne bakterije, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 27736) i Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). U tu svrhu primijenjena je makrodilucijska metoda pri čemu je spektrofotometrijski određena minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija. Provedbom eksperimenta i usporedbom rezultata dolazi se do zaključka da određeni derivati benzimidazola inhibiraju rast mikroorganizama korištenih u ovom radu u određenim koncentracijama. Prema rezultatima, vidljivo je da dobro inhibitorno djelovanje ima spoj 4-(2-(4-(6-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-il)fenoksi)etil)morfolin prema bakteriji E.faecalis, MIC=0,25 mg/L i S.aureus, MIC=32 mg/L. Spojevi 4-(2-(4-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-il)fenoksi)metil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-il)etil)morfolin i 2-(4-(6-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-il)fenoksi)-N,N-dietiletan-1-amin također su pokazali dobro inhibitorno djelovanje prema E. faecalis i S. aureus, MIC=0,25 mg/L.One of the most important problems facing humanity today is accelerated growth of bacterial resistance, therefore there is a growing need for the synthesis of new compounds that have an inhibitory effect. Derivates of heterocyclic compounds, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles, represent potentially biologically active agents, therefore there is a growing interest in their synthesis and study od antimicrobial activity. This work presents the minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-aryl substituted benzimidazoles on Gram positive bacteries Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Gram negative bacteries Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 27736) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). For this purpose, was used macrodilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. By conducting experiments and comparing the results, we came to the conclusion that certain benzimidazole derivates in certain concentrations inhibit the growth of microorganisms which were used in this work. According to the results, it is evident that the compound 4-(2-(4-(6-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)morpholine has a good inhibitory effect against the bacteria E. faecalis, MIC=0.25 mg/L and S. aureus, MIC=32 mg/L. Compounds 4-(2-(4-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl)morpholine and 2-(4-(6-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-N,N-diethylethane-1-amine also showed good inhibitory activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus, MIC=0.25 mg/L
Joint probability distributions and applications
No full textSvaki provedeni pokus daje neki ishod. Svakome se ishodu pokusa može pridružiti određena numerička vrijednost. Pravilo koje svakom pojedinom ishodu promatranog pokusa pridruži neki realni broj naziva se slučajna varijabla. Slučajna varijabla može biti diskretna (čije vrijednost čine konačan ili prebrojiv skup) ili kontinuirana (čije vrijednosti čine beskonačan ili neprebrojiv skup). Svaka slučajna varijabla ima svoju razdiobu vjerojatnosti, distribuciju vjerojatnosti, očekivanje, varijancu, standardnu derivaciju te mnoge druge statističke veličine. U ovom radu proučavamo pokuse u kojima istovremeno sudjeluje više slučajnih varijabli. Promatramo zajedničku funkciju gustoće vjerojatnosti te iz nje izvedene marginalne funkcije gustoće vjerojatnosti.Every experiment gives an outcome, and each outcome can be represented by a number. A rule that assigns a real number to each individual outcome of the observed experiment is called a random variable. A random variable can be discrete (whit values from a finite or a countable set) or continuous (whit values from an infinite uncountable set). Each random variable has its probability, expectation, variance, standard deviation, and many other statistical quantities. In this paper we study the cases where more random variables are involved. We discuss the joint probability distribution and the related marginal probability distributions
Synthesis of silver nanowires
No full textU suvremenoj tehnologiji i znanosti postoji veliko zanimanje za procese sinteze nanomaterijala. Nanomaterijalima se, između ostalih materijala, smatraju nanožice. Nanožice su omogućile unaprjeđenje pojedinih uređaja u kojima funkcioniraju kao vodljivi sloj u uređajima, odnosno prozirna elektroda. U navedenim primjenama najčešće se koriste srebrne nanožice. Srebrne nanožice izvrstan su vodič električne i toplinske energije što ih čini materijalom idealnim za korištenje prijenosa energije. Postoji više metoda sinteze srebrnih nanožica poput metode tvrdog predloška koja koristi nanoporozne krute (čvrsta tvar sa porama veličine nekoliko nanometara) tvari kako bi se oblikovale nanožice. Postoje još metode mekog predloška od kojih je najvažnija poliol metoda koja koristi organski spoj kao predložak za oblikovanje nanožica. Poliol metoda koristi se češće zbog jednostavnosti i dobrog iskorištenja. U ovom radu proveden je eksperiment sinteze srebrnih nanožica poliol metodom kako bi se iskušala učinkovitost procesa. Eksperiment se sastoji od zagrijavanja etilen glikola na 160 °C u koji se dodaje bakrov(Ⅱ) klorid, otopina poli(vinil-pirolidona) u etilen glikolu i otopina srebrovog nitrata u etilen glikolu. U eksperimentu se nadalje nastojalo izdvojiti srebrne nanožice kako bi se provela njihova analiza i iskušala moguća primjena. Rezultati provedenog eksperimenta pokazali su da su dobivene srebrne nanožice, no sinteza nije bila u potpunosti uspješna zbog malog iskorištenja i djelomičnog nastanka sferičnih čestica.In modern technology and science, there is a great interest for the synthesis processes of nanomaterials. Among other type of nanomaterials are nanowires. Nanowires were step towards improving devices in which they are used as a conductive layer, i.e., transparent electrodes. Silver nanowires are most often used in the mentioned technologies. Silver nanowires are excellent conductors of electrical and thermal energy which makes them the excellent material for use in energy transmission. There are several methods of silver nanowires synthesis, such as the hard template method, which uses nanoporous solids (a solid with pores a few nanometers in size) to form the nanowires. There are also many soft template methods, the most important of which is the polyol method, which uses an organic compound as a template for forming nanowires. The polyol method is used often due to simplicity and good yield. In this work an experiment on the synthesis of silver nanowires using the polyol method was carried out to test the efficiency of the process. The experiment consisted of heating ethylene glycol to 160 °C, adding copper(Ⅱ) chloride, a solution of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) in ethylene glycol and a solution of silver nitrate in ethylene glycol. The experiment further aimed to isolation of silver nanowires to carry out their analysis and test possible application. The results of the conducted experiment showed that silver nanowires were obtained, but the synthesis was not completely successful due to poor yield and partial obtaining of spherical particles
Biorefineries for the valorization of waste materials
No full textU ovom radu opisani su različiti tehnološki pristupi prilikom obrade otpada u biorafierijama. Biorafinerije su postrojenja koja konvertiraju biomasu, sirovinu ili sirovi materijal u bioenergiju i biomaterijal/proizvod. Glavni zadatci biorafinerija su: održiva opskrba energijom prema lokalnoj potražnji, pružanje energetske sigurnosti, ublažavanje klimatskih promjena, korištenje pristupačnih lokalnih resursa kao sirovinu, promatranje otpada kao vrijednog resursa i primjenjivanje inovativne, hibridne i energetski učinkovite pretvorbe otpada u energiju ili drugi vrijedni produkt. S obzirom na dostupnu sirovinu moguća su različita tehnološka rješenja za dobivanje biogoriva, energije ili drugog korisnog produkta.In this paper, different technological approaches are described when processing waste in biorefineries. Biorefineries are facilities that convert biomass, raw material or raw material into bioenergy and biomaterial/product. The main tasks of biorefineries are: sustainable energy supply according to local demand, providing energy security, mitigating climate change, using accessible local resources as raw material, viewing waste as a valuable resource and applying innovative, hybrid and energy-efficient conversion of waste into energy or another valuable product. Considering the available raw material, different technological solutions are possible for obtaining biofuel, energy or other useful product
Preparation and characterization of heterogeneous TiO2/perlite photocatalysts
No full textObrada otpadnih voda danas je od iznimne važnosti za buduću ekološku i ekonomsku perspektivu. Osim same obrade, izrazito je bitno unaprijediti postojeće te osmisliti povoljne nove postupke pročišćavanja voda koji ne zahtijevaju velike investicije ni dodatne smetnje po okoliš. Sve češća metoda obrade otpadnih voda napredni su oksidacijski procesi karakterizirani brzim reakcijama, neznatnim utjecajem na okoliš, ne generira se dodatni otpad, tretiraju se gotovo svi organski spojevi i ne stvara se mulj kao kod bioloških ili kemijskih procesa. U ovom radu kao temelj obrade uzeta je heterogena fotokataliza čija je značajka pomak elektrona iz valentne u vodljivu vrpcu, pri apsorpciji svjetlosti, poluvodiča odnosno fotokatalizatora. Značajke najraširenijeg fotokatalizatora, titanijevog dioksida (TiO2), su široka dostupnost, kemijska i biološka inertnost te otpornost na koroziju koje ga čine najpovoljnijim za upotrebu. Za veću učinkovitost procesa i za izbjegavanje poteškoća pri njegovoj provedbi, poželjno je fotokatalizator vezati na nosač. Navedenom imobilizacijom, provedenom jednom od opisanih metoda, stvaraju se fizikalne ili kemijske veze između katalizatora i nosača što produljuje vijek trajanja katalizatora te omogućuje kontinuiran proces obrade. Relativno nedavno otkriven kao potencijalni nosač, karakteriziran dostupnošću i neškodljivošću, jest perlit ili vulkansko staklo. Istraženi su faktori koji utječu na učinkovitost procesa pri korištenju perlita kao nosača te na učinkovitost procesa s TiO2/perlitom. Obzirom na fotoaktivnost TiO2 u uskom rasponu valnih duljina UV područja, proučena su moguća poboljšanja navedenog.Wastewater treatment is of absolute importance nowadays for the secured ecological and economic perspective of the future. In addition to the treatment itself, it is mandatory to improve the existing and devise new water treatments that don’t require large investments or additional environmental damage. An increasingly common method of wastewater treatment is advanced oxidation processes characterized by fast reaction rates, low environmental footprint, no new waste is produced, almost all organic compounds are treated, and no sludge formed as in biological or chemical processes. In this paper, heterogeneous photocatalysis, based on the shift of electrons from valence to conductive band with light absorption by semiconductors or photocatalysts, is taken as the basis. The most researched photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO2) is characterized by several beneficial properties such as availability, chemical and biological inertness and corrosion resistance that make it the most suitable for use. To increase the operation efficiency and to avoid difficulties in its implementation, it is desirable to attach the photocatalyst to a carrier. This immobilization, carried out by one of the described methods, creates physical or chemical bonds between the catalyst and the carrier, which prolongs the life of the catalyst ad allows a continuous process. Recently discovered as a potential carrier, characterized by availability and harmlessness, is perlite or volcanic glass. Attention has been paid to increasing the effectiveness of the procedure when using perlite as a carrier and to the factors influencing the process in which the TiO2/perlite composite was used. Given the activity of TiO2 in a narrow range of UV wavelengths, possible improvements of the mentioned have been investigated
Analytical methods for monitoring of microplastics degradation
No full textPlastika se danas može pronaći u brojnim predmetima iz svakodnevne upotrebe: ambalaži, tekstilu, elektronici, kozmetici itd. Ona čini veliki dio komunalnog otpada koji često nije dobro zbrinut. Tako plastika dospijeva u okoliš te se djelovanjem fizikalnih i kemijskih utjecaja postepeno usitnjava do sitnih čestica zvanih mikroplastika. Mikroplastika predstavlja globalni ekološki problem zbog svoje sveprisutnosti i štetnih utjecaja na zdravlje i okoliš. Kako bi se utvrdila količina i sastav mikroplastike u okolišu provode se razne metode analiza. Često se metode međusobno kombiniraju da bi se dobila preciznija i točnija analiza. Analiza aditiva može biti bitan dio identifikacije mikroplastike. U ovom radu je predstavljen pojam mikroplastike te prodiskutirani izvori iz kojih dospijeva u okoliš. Navedena je podjela mikroplastike i karakteristike najčešće korištenih plastičnih polimera. Predstavljene su najčešće metode analize: SEM, FTIR, Ramanova spektroskopija, GC/MS te razne metode za analizu aditiva. Spomenute su i neke manje zastupljene tehnike analize.Plastics are found in numerous products in our daily lives: packaging, textiles, electronics, cosmetics, etc. They make up a large part of municipal waste, which is very often not disposed of properly. This is how plastics end up in the environment. Once in the environment, the larger pieces of plastics are gradually broken down by physical or chemical action into tiny particles known as microplastics. Microplastics are a global environmental problem because they are ubiquitous and have harmful effects on health and the environment. Various analytical methods have been used to determine the amount and composition of microplastics in the environment. These methods are sometimes combined to produce more precise and accurate results. The analysis of additives released from microplastics can be an essential part of the characterization of these microparticles. This bachelor thesis focuses on microplastics and the sources of their occurrence in the environment. It also explains the classification of microplastics and the properties of plastic polymers commonly found in the environment. In addition, the most commonly used analytical methods for characterising microplastics are described, such as: SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, GC/MS, as well as some methods for analysis of the additives. In addition to these methods, some less common techniques are also mentioned