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Phenology of flowering hazel varieties "Istarski duguljasti" and "Romische Zellernuss"
No full textLijeska je jednodomna biljka čija je istovremena cvatnja važna za oprašivanje i oplodnju. U radu je istražen utjecaj temperature na cvatnju i uspoređene su dvije sorte lijeske u blizini rijeke Bednje. Toplija klima na istraživanom području zaslužna je za pojavu protandrije koja se pojavila 19. studenog 2022. godine na sorti 'Rimski'. Srednja dnevna temperatura zraka na početku siječnja iznosila je 20,6˚C, a najniža temperatura iznosila je -4,8˚C. Analizom varijance utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u fenofazi pune cvatnje za muške cvjetove između sorata 'Rimski' i 'Istarski duguljasti' te razlika između dugog i kratkog izbojka unutar svake sorte. Duljina muških resa na kratkom izbojku bila je veća, a ujedno sadrži i više polena koji je važan za oprašivanje lijeske. Razlika u broju ženskih cvjetova u punoj cvatnji postoji samo između sorata. Nakon provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da se obje sorte dobro preklapaju u cvatnji i da se mogu međusobno oprašiti.Hazel is a monoecious plant and its simultaneous flowering is important for pollination and fertilization. This work was focused on the research of the influence of temperature on flowering and compared two varieties of hazel near the Bednja river. The warmer climate in the researched area is responsible for the appearance of protandry, which appeared on the hazel variety 'Romische Zellernuss' on November 19th, 2022. The average daily air temperature at the beginning of January was 20.6˚C, and the lowest temperature was -4.8˚C. The analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference in the phenophase of full flowering for male flowers between the varieties 'Romische Zellernuss' and 'Istarski duguljasti', as well as the difference between long and short shoots within each variety. The length of the male fringes on the short shoot was longer, and at the same time it contains more pollen, which is important for the pollination of the hazel. The difference in the number of female flowers in full bloom exists only between the varieties. After the conducted research, it can be concluded that there is a high degree of flowering overlap between the both varieties and that they can cross-pollinate
The triazine herbicides in the environment
No full textAtrazin je herbicid iz skupine koja inhibira proces fotosinteze te ometa i ostale fiziološke procese u biljci. Triazini su desetljećima bili najkorištenija skupina herbicida širom svijeta koja se koristila u poljoprivredne svrhe, ali i pri suzbijanju korova na željeznicama i urbanim područjima. Zbog takve dugotrajne, česte i raznolike upotrebe pojavila se rezistentnost korova te ogromno zagađenje okoliša, pogotovo podzemnih i površinskih voda. Također, dovela se u pitanje sigurnost živih organizama koji žive u zagađenim medijima kao i sigurnost ljudi. Iz navedenih razloga je u većini država EU zabranjena njihova primjena 2003. godine, a toj odluci su prethodila mnoga istraživanja samih herbicida te skupine kao i istraživanja njihovih metabolita. Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati medije u kojima se pronalaze rezidue atrazina, negativne utjecaje herbicida i rezidua na okoliš te organizme, utvrditi metabolite razgradnje herbicida kao i metode kojima se iste mogu dokazati.Atrazine is a herbicide from the group that inhibits the process of photosynthesis and interferes with other physiological processes in the plant. For decades, triazines were the most widely used group of herbicides worldwide, used for agricultural purposes, but also for controlling weeds on railways and urban areas. Due to such long-term, frequent and varied use, weed resistance and enormous pollution of the environment, especially underground and surface water, appeared. Also, the safety of living organisms living in polluted media, as well as the safety of people, was called into question. For the above reasons, their use is prohibited in most EU countries in 2003 and this decision was preceded by many researches on the herbicides of this group as well as researchers on their metabolites. The aim of this paper is to show the media in which atrazine residues are found, the negative effects of herbicides and residues on the environment and organisms, to determine the metabolites of herbicide decomposition, as well as the methods by which they can be proven
Application of automated feed distribution systems in dairy cow farming
No full textPrimjena automatskih sustava za raspodjelu hrane je važan segment kod uzgoja mliječnih krava zbog toga što oni uvelike olakšavaju radne zadatke i procese hranjenja na koji otpada 25 % utrošenog radnog vremena, skraćuju radno vrijeme i smanjuju ljudski rad. Sustavi se dijele po stupnju automatizacije na automatske, polu-automatske i potpuno automatizirane sustave koje farmeri koriste ovisno o veličini i broju grla na njihovom gospodarstvu. Osim navedene podjele postoji i podjela ovisno o načinu raspodjele hrane tijekom hranidbe, to su stacionarni i mobilni sustavi. Mobilni sustavi se kreću iznad hranidbenog hodnika viseći na čeličnoj tračnici, koristeći pogonske kotače uz navođenje putem tračnice ili robotizirani sustav koji nema mehaničke vodilice nego se orijentira uz pomoć senzora. Svaki od navedenih sustava ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke, te različite principe rada.The use of automatic feed distribution systems is an important segment in the breeding of dairy cows because they greatly facilitate work tasks and feeding processes that account for 25% of the working time, shorten working hours and reduce human labor. The systems are divided by the degree of automation into automatic, semi-automatic and fully automated systems that farmers use depending on the size and number of heads on their farm. In addition to the aforementioned division, there is also a division depending on the way food is distributed during feeding, i.e. stationary and mobile systems. Mobile systems move above the feeding corridor hanging on a steel rail, using drive wheels with rail guidance or a robotic system that does not have mechanical guides but orients itself with the help of sensors. Each of the mentioned systems has its advantages and disadvantages, and different working principles
Graphical representation of data and modelling by functions
No full textU ovom radu istražuju se grafički prikaz podataka i modeliranje korištenjem funkcija, s naglaskom na linearnu i kvadratnu funkciju. Korišten je Microsoft Excel za stvaranje modela i obavljanje računskih operacija. Definirane su linearna i kvadratna funkcija, rješavaju se problemski zadaci iz agronomske prakse te demonstrira kako stvarnim podacima možemo dobiti modele. Rad također istražuje koeficijent određenosti kao mjeru podudaranja podataka s modelom. Cilj je pružiti čitatelju razumijevanje grafičkog prikaza podataka i modeliranja funkcija, s praktičnim primjerima i upotrebom Microsoft Excela.This paper explores graphical data representation and function modeling, with a focus on linear and quadratic functions. Microsoft Excel was used for model creation and computational operations. Linear and quadratic functions have been defined, agronomic practice problems have been solved to demonstrate how models can be obtained from real data. The paper also investigates the coefficient of determination as a measure of data alignment with the model. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of graphical data representation and function modeling, with practical examples and the use of Microsoft Excel
Morfological propterties of traditional poppy populations from eastern Croatia
No full textCilj ovog istraživačkog rada bio je analizirati morfološka svojstva populacija maka prikupljenih sa lokacija Koritna, Topolje i Tenja. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz poljski pokus na pokušalištu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Agronomskog fakulteta (Maksimir) tijekom 2022. godine. Analiza morfoloških svojstava lista, stabljike, cvijeta, tobolca i sjemena obavljena je prema UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) deskriptorima (TG 166/4). Analizom morfoloških svojstava maka utvrđena je varijabilnost između populacija za istraživana svojstva (lista, stabljike, cvijeta, tobolca, sjemena) kao i varijabilnost unutar populacija za morfološka svojstva cvijeta, tobolca i sjemena.The aim of this study was to analyse the morphological characteristics of the poppy seed population collected at the Koritna, Toplje and Tenja sites. The research was carried out through field trial at the Experimental Station of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture (Maksimir) in 2022. The morphological characteristics of leaf, stalk, flower, capsule, and seed were analysed according to the UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) descriptors TG 166/4. The analysis of the morphological characteristics showed the variability between the studied poppy populations (leaf, stalk, flower, capsule, and seed) as well as the variability within the population for the morphological characteristics of flower, capsule and seed
Application of portable X-ray fluorescence in characterization of metal content in mineral fertilizers
No full textBrzina, preciznost i točnost analitičke metode u današnje vrijeme ključni su kriteriji za odabir tehnike kojom se karakterizira bilo koji matriks. Jedna takva metoda je prijenosna rendgenska fluorescencija (pXRF metoda), koja se uz već navedene kriterije odlikuje i mogućnošću istovremene analize većeg broja elemenata. Cilj ovoga diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi sadržaj metala (Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Zr, Th, U i Y) u trinaest komercijalnih mineralnih dušičnih gnojiva (različitih prema granulaciji i formulaciji dušika - NPK, urea, KAN, ASN) primjenom pXRF analizatora te utvrditi točnost (RPM) i preciznost (RSD) pXRF analize s obzirom na rezultate ostvarene primjenom klasičnih analitičkih metoda u dva referentna uzorka gnojiva (NPK+S i MF, BIPEA program). Detekcija i kvantifikacija metala provela se primjenom Vanta C (Olympus) pXRF analizatora u skladu s HRN ISO 13196:2015 normom. Rezultati ukazuju da je sadržaj promatranih elemenata u komercijalnim gnojivima varirao u rasponu od: 4 do 2209 mg Fe/kg, 1 do 8 mg As/kg, 12 do 31 mg Cd/kg, 7 do 119 mg Cr/kg, 2 do 26 mg Cu/mg, 97 do 5291 mg Mn/kg, 2 do 4 mg Mo/kg, 2 do 28 mg Ni/kg, 308 do 4581 mg Si/kg, 1 do 470 mg Sr/kg, 1 do 15 mg Zr/kg, 3 do 35 Th/kg, 1 do 83 mg U/kg te 1 do 128 mg Y/kg. Zadovoljavajuća preciznost mjerenja realnih uzoraka do dozvoljenih 25 % u svim analiziranim komercijalnim gnojivima utvrđena je za kvantificirani sadržaj željeza (RSD = 0-5 %), kadmija (RSD = 0-23 %), silicija (RSD = 1-13 %) i stroncija (RSD = 0-4 %). Sadržaj Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu i As precizno je utvrđen u NPK+S referentnom uzorku gnojiva, dok je detektirani sadržaj Fe i Ni bio u granicama prihvatljive točnosti metode (RPM < 25 %). U MF referentnom uzorku gnojiva preciznost utvrđenog sadržaja željeza i mangana bila je u zadovoljavajućem rasponu (RSD = 1-9 %) kao i zadovoljavajuća točnost metode kvantificiranog sadržaja mangana (RPM = 24 %).Speed, precision and accuracy of any analytical method nowadays are the key criteria’s for choosing a technique for characterization of any matrix. One such method is the portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF method), which, in addition to the already mentioned criteria, is characterized by the possibility of simultaneous analysis of a large number of elements. The aim of this thesis was to determine the content of metals (Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Zr, Th, U and Y) in thirteen commercial mineral nitrogen fertilizers (different due to granulation and nitrogen formulation - NPK, urea, LAN, ASN) using a pXRF analyzer and to determine the accuracy (RPM) and precision (RSD) of the pXRF analysis with regard to the results obtained using classical analytical methods in two reference fertilizer samples (NPK+S i MF, BIPEA program). Detection and quantification of metals was carried out by Vanta C (Olympus) pXRF analyzer in accordance with the HRN ISO 13196:2015 standard. The results indicate that the content of the observed elements in commercial fertilizers varied in the range of: 4 to 2209 mg Fe/kg, 1 to 8 mg As/kg, 12 to 31 mg Cd/kg, 7 to 119 mg Cr/kg, 2 to 26 mg Cu/mg, 97 to 5291 mg Mn/kg, 2 to 4 mg Mo/kg, 2 to 28 mg Ni/kg, 308 to 4581 mg Si/kg, 1 to 470 mg Sr/kg, 1 to 15 mg Zr /kg, 3 to 35 Th/kg, 1 to 83 mg U/kg and 1 to 128 mg Y/kg. Acceptable measurement precision of real samples up to the permitted 25 % in all analyzed commercial fertilizers was determined for the quantified content of iron (RSD = 0-5 %), cadmium (RSD = 0-23 %), silicon (RSD = 1-13 %) and strontium (RSD = 0-4 %). The content of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and As was precisely determined in the NPK+S reference fertilize sample, while the detected content of Fe and Ni was within the limits of acceptable accuracy of method (RPM < 25 %). In the MF reference fertilizer sample, precision of determined iron and manganese content was within acceptable range (RSD = 1-9 %), along with the acceptable accuracy of the method for the quantified manganese content (RPM = 24 %)
Influence of the rectification column on the quality of the wine distillate
No full textSastojci arome u jakim alkoholnim pićima i likerima, njihove koncentracije, svojstva mirisa i
pragovi detekcije važni su parametri kvalitete i autentičnosti. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi osnovne
fizikalno kemijske parametre i pojedine hlapljive spojeve srednjeg toka destilata dobivenog
složenim uređajem za destilaciju vina sa više podova, te usporediti dobivene parametre u svrhu
bolje iskoristivosti pojedinog načina destilacije. Izolacija hlapljivih spojeva provedena je
primjenom vezanog sustava plinski kromatograf – spektrometar masa ( GC-MS ). Prethodno je
provedena izolacija uzorka primjenom mikroekstrakcije na čvrstoj fazi (CWR-PDMS-DVB).
Analiza karakteristika vinskih destilata proizvedenih ovisno o broju uključenih podova na
složenom uređaju za destilaciju, daje uvid u iskoristivost određenog načina destilacije te kvalitetu
destilata. Samim time nužna je za poticanje njihove šire uporabe za ovu namjenu. Kao
najzastupljeniji spojevi u ispitivanim uzorcima su bili: 3-metil butanol (90,94% - 94,85%), 1-
heksanol (1,82% - 2,39%). U uzorcima su najzastupljenija skupina spojeva bili viši alkoholi. Kao
zaključak može se izvući da broj aktivnih podova u složenom uređaju ima utjecaj na udio pojedinih
hlapljivih komponenti u destilatu te da se samim time može utjecati na kemijski sastav destilata.Aroma components in strong alcoholic beverages and liqueurs, their concentrations, odor
properties and detection thresholds are important quality parameters for quality and
authenticity. The goal of this work is to determine the basic physical and chemical parameters
and certain volatile compounds of the middle stream of distillate obtained by a complex device
for wine distillation with multiple floors, and to compare the obtained parameters for the
purpose of better utilization of a particular method of distillation. Isolation of volatile
compounds was performed using a coupled gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS)
system. Previously, the sample was isolated using solid phase microextraction (CWR-PDMSDVB). The analysis of the characteristics of wine distillates produced depending on the number
of involved floors on a complex distillation device, gives an insight into the usefulness of a
certain method of distillation and the quality of the distillate. It is therefore necessary to
encourage their wider use for this purpose. The most abundant compounds in the examined
samples were: 3-methyl butanol (90.94% - 94.85%), 1-hexanol (1.82% - 2.39%). In the
samples, the most represented group of compounds were higher alcohols. As a conclusion, he
can draw that the number of active pods in a complex device has an influence on the proportion
of individual volatile components in the distillate, and that the chemical composition of the
distillate can be influenced by this
Fenotipizacija osjetljivosti hrvatskih autohtonih sorata vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.) na uzročnika plamenjače (Plasmopara viticola)
No full textVitis species are shown to be susceptible, tolerant, or resistant to the Plasmopara viticola
(Berk. & M. A. Curtis; Berl. & de Toni) pathogen. The obligate, biotrophic, and polycyclic P.
viticola oomycete can infect any green organ of the host plant, including the shoots, leaves,
inflorescences, tendrils, petioles, and green berries. It can therefore have a devastating
effect on the host plant. Moreover, significant economic losses occur when effective control
methods are not used when growing susceptible species and varieties.
The most widespread and commercially significant Vitis species in the world is the grapevine
(Vitis vinifera L.). Although the majority of grapevine varieties are susceptible to downy
mildew, there are some variations in susceptibility among them.
Croatia has a centuries-old heritage of grapevine cultivation. One hundred and twenty-five
native varieties were developed and are still grown in Croatia's various geographical and
climatic regions. It is therefore considered that in addition to variations in a wide range of
biological and economic properties, they also differ in disease susceptibility.
Aiming to determine the differences in susceptibility of Croatian native varieties to downy
mildew, phenotyping of selected varieties was carried out using the following methods: leaf
disc bioassay, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging, and
analysis of polyphenolic and volatile organic compounds in grapevine leaves. Polyphenolic
and volatile organic compounds were analysed in leaves before and 24, 48, and 96 hours
after inoculation with P. viticola suspension. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and
multispectral imaging was performed before inoculation and during six terms after
inoculation.
The leaf disc bioassay proved to be effective for classifying grapevine varieties into the OIV
resistance classes to downy mildew. In addition, parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence,
such as Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm' and ETR, were useful in distinguishing infected from non-infected leaf
discs shortly after inoculation, that is, before the appearance of visible symptoms of the
disease. Moreover, the Fq'/Fm' and qP parameters helped distinguish between varieties with
different susceptibility to P. viticola. The results of the polyphenolic compound analysis
clearly distinguished the native varieties into the OIV resistance classes. Resistance was
found to be dependent on the composition and content of polyphenolic compounds present
in the leaves before inoculation. In all terms following the P. viticola inoculation, the stilbene
resveratrol-3-O-glucoside content was higher in infected leaves compared to uninfected.
Finally, volatile organic compound analysis can be used to distinguish infected from noninfected samples as well as resistant control genotypes (Solaris, Vitis riparia Michx.) from V.
vinifera varieties. Nevertheless, using this approach does not allow for the division of native
varieties into the OIV resistance classes.
Less susceptible native grapevine varieties that belong to OIV class 5 (Malvazija istarska,
Ranfol, and Teran) could be interesting to use in breeding programs aiming to produce highquality genotypes tolerant to main fungal diseases.Vrste roda Vitis (loze) osjetljive su, tolerantne ili otporne na uzročnika plamenjače
Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis; Berl. & de Toni). Vinova loza (Vitis vinifera L.)
najuzgajanija je vrsta loza u svijetu iako je većina sorata vinove loze osjetljiva na
plamenjaču. Ova bolest ima izrazito devastirajuće djelovanje kad se prilikom uzgoja ne
primjenjuju kemijska sredstva za zaštitu bilja.
Oomiceta P. viticola je obligatni, biotrofni i policiklički patogen koji može inficirati sve zelene
organe biljke domaćina, kao što su mladice, listovi, cvatovi, vitice, peteljke i zelene bobe.
Optimalni uvjeti za rast i razvoj ovog patogena su visoka vlažnost i umjerena temperatura
zraka. U takvim uvjetima patogen razvija nekoliko ciklusa vegetativnog razmnožavanja,
uzrokujući značajan pad prinosa i kvalitete grožđa. Zbog toga je primjena fungicida
neizbježan tehnološki postupak pri uzgoju osjetljivih sorata vinove loze, iako te
agrokemikalije mogu štetno djelovati na okoliš. Plasmopara viticola podrijetlom je s
američkog kontinenta pa su američke vrste (Vitis labrusca L., Vitis riparia Michx., Vitis
rupestris Scheele i Muscadinia rotundifolia Small) koevolucijom na istom području razvile
visoku ili potpunu otpornost. Donedavno se smatralo da je europska loza V. vinifera
neotporna na plamenjaču i pepelnicu, odnosno da ne postoji značajna genetska varijabilnost
u otpornosti unutar sorata vinove loze. Međutim, u novije su vrijeme kod nekih od njih, kao
što su 'Kishmish vatkana', 'Dzhandzhal kara' i 'Mgaloblishvili', identificirani geni otpornosti,
što ih čini vrijednim izvorom gena za oplemenjivačke programe s ciljem stvaranja
visokokvalitetnih sorata otpornih na ekonomski najznačajnije bolesti.
Pretpostavlja se da, zbog višestoljetnog uzgoja vinove loze u Hrvatskoj i njezine prilagodbe
specifičnim okolišnim uvjetima, među hrvatskim autohtonim sortama također postoje razlike
u osjetljivosti na bolesti. S ciljem utvrđivanja osjetljivosti hrvatskih autohtonih sorata na
plamenjaču, provedeno je istraživanje koje je obuhvatilo odabrane sorte te nekoliko otpornih
i osjetljivih kontrolnih genotipova koristeći sljedeće metode fenotipizacije: metoda lisnih
diskova, mjerenje fluorescencije klorofila i multispektralno snimanje lisnih diskova te analiza
polifenolnih i hlapljivih organskih spojeva u listovima.
Metoda lisnih diskova provedena je u kontroliranim laboratorijskim uvjetima sukladno
deskriptoru 452-1 Međunarodne organizacije za vinovu lozu i vino (engl. International
Organisation of Vine and Wine, OIV). Na temelju toga, svaki je genotip svrstan u
odgovarajući razred otpornosti pri čemu su genotipovi svrstani u razred 1 najosjetljiviji, a oni
svrstani u razred 9 potpuno otporni na plamenjaču. Mjerenje fluorescencije klorofila i
multispektralno snimanje provedeno je pomoću instrumenta CropReporterTM tijekom sedam
termina. Prvo mjerenje provedeno je na netretiranim lisnim diskovima, a završno kad su se
razvili vidljivi simptomi bolesti (sporulacija).
Polifenolni spojevi analizirani su tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti (engl.
high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC), a hlapljivi organski spojevi primjenom
vezanog sustava plinski kromatograf-spektrometar masa (engl. gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, GC-MS). U tu svrhu, analizirani su listovi uzorkovani prije tretiranja te 24, 48 i
96 sati nakon inokulacije P. viticola suspenzijom. Lisni diskovi i listovi inokulirani su
suspenzijom koncentracije 2 × 105 spora/mL raspršivanjem po naličju. Suspenzija je
dobivena umakanjem listova sa svježe razvijenom sporulacijom u ultračistu vodu do
zamućenja.
Utvrđeno je da je metoda lisnih diskova učinkovita za razvrstavanje sorata vinove loze u OIV
razrede otpornosti na uzročnika plamenjače vinove loze. Parametri fluorescencije klorofila,
odnosno Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm' i ETR, razlikovali su inficirane od neinficiranih lisnih diskova, a
pomoću parametara Fq'/Fm' i qP moguće je razlikovati slabije i jače osjetljive sorte ubrzo
nakon zaraze, odnosno prije pojave vidljivih simptoma bolesti. Rezultati analize polifenolnih
spojeva jasno su razdvojili autohtone sorte u razrede otpornosti pri čemu je utvrđeno da
otpornost ovisi o sastavu i sadržaju polifenolnih spojeva u listovima prije inokulacije.
Povećan sadržaj stilbena resveratrol-3-O-glukozida razlikovao je inficirane od neinficiranih
listova tijekom svih termina nakon inokulacije. Sadržaj piceatanola i ukupnih stilbena
razlikovao je potpuno otporan OIV razred 9 (Vitis riparia Michx.) od ostalih OIV razreda čime
su potvrđena njihova snažna antimikrobna svojstva. Na temelju polifenolnih profila V. vinifera
sorata, utvrđeno je da su uglavnom flavonol glikozidi odgovorni za manju osjetljivost sorata
koje sadrže višu koncentraciju ovih spojeva. Analizom hlapljivih organskih spojeva moguće
je razlikovati otporne kontrolne genotipove od V. vinifera sorata kao i inficirane od
neinficiranih uzoraka. Iako ovom metodom nije moguće razdvojiti autohtone sorte u razrede
otpornosti, rastući sadržaj nekoliko detektiranih hlapljivih spojeva nakon inokulacije
zajedničko je svojstvo manje osjetljivih autohtonih sorata i otpornih kontrolnih genotipova
('Solaris', Vitis riparia Michx.).
Manje osjetljive autohtone sorte koje pripadaju OIV razredu 5 ('Malvazija istarska’, ‘Ranfol’ i
‘Teran’) mogle bi biti zanimljive za korištenje u oplemenjivačkim programima kojima je cilj
proizvesti visokokvalitetne sorte tolerantne na najznačajnije gljivične bolesti
The impact of foliar application of iron on the mineral composition and quality of "Duke" blueberry
No full textTijekom 2021. godine provedeno je istraživanje kvalitete plodova borovnice 'Duke' uzgojene kod Velike Ludine u vlasništvu tvrtke EKO-BERI d.o.o. Na početku cvatnje (16.04.) obavljena je folijarna prihrana željezom u tri različita tretmana (K - kontrola, 0,5 – 25 ml/otopine po biljci i 1- 50 ml otopine po biljci) sa po tri repeticije i to sa Fe-EDHA (Poly-FeedTM). Plodovi su ubrani u optimalnome roku dozrijevanja te su im ispitana pomološka i fizikalno-kemijska svojstva te mineralni sastav. Istraživana pomološka svojstva su masa (g), visina (mm), širina (mm) i indeks oblika ploda. Istraživana fizikalno-kemijska svojstva su tvrdoća (kg/cm2), topljiva suha tvar (°Brix) i pH. Kod mineralnog sastava istraženi su makroelementi (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) te mikroelementi (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu). Istraživanje je pokazalo značajne promjene u nekim istraživanim parametrima, dok u drugim nije došlo do promjene nakon folijarne primjene željeza. Od pomoloških te fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava dodatna primjena željeza utjecala je jedino na tvrdoću koja je bila najmanja u tretmanu 0,5, a najveća u 1. Tretiranje s dodatnim Fe povećalo je količinu makroelemenata N i P te mikroelementa Zn, a smanjio količinu Mn.During 2021, a study was conducted on the quality of the blueberry 'Duke' grown near Velika Ludina and owned by EKO-BERI Ltd. Foliar application with iron was carried out during the flowerintg (16th of April) in three different treatments (K – control, 0.5 – 25 ml of solution per plant and 1 – 50 ml of solution per plant) with three replications each using Fe-EDHA (Poly-FeedTM). The fruits were harvested at optimal ripening time and their pomological and physico-chemical properties, as well as mineral composition, were tested. The pomological properties investigated were weight (g), height (mm), width (mm), and fruit shape index. The physico-chemical properties investigated were firmness (kg/cm2), soluble solids content (°Brix), and pH. The mineral composition included macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu). The study showed significant changes in some of the investigated parameters, while in others, there was no change after the foliar application of iron. Regarding the pomological and physico-chemical properties, the additional application of iron only affected firmness, which was the lowest in the 0.5 treatment and the highest in 1. Treatment with additional Fe increased the amount of macronutrients N and P, as well as micronutrient Zn, and decreased the amount of Mn
Diversity and cultivation potential of medicinal and aromatic plants in the area of the city of Križevci and the surroundings
No full textRaznolikost biljnog svijeta nemjerljivo je bogatstvo svake države i temelj je stabilne i dinamične poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Na području grada Križevaca i okolice svoje prirodno stanište nalazi veliki broj ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljnih vrsta, ali njihova raznolikost do sada nije sustavno proučavana i analizirana. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja utvrditi raznolikost ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja na području grada Križevaca i okolice te razmotriti mogućnosti sakupljanja, uzgoja i izrade prirodnih pripravaka u svrhu medicinske i kozmetičke uporabe. Kroz terensko istraživanje na pet lokacija (Grad Križevci, jezero Čabraji, planina Kalnik, okolica rijeke Glogovica, livade u okolici grada Križevci) utvrđeno je ukupno 47 biljnih vrsta, a za odabrane vrste opisana su morfološka i biološka svojstva kao i ljekoviti potencijal, a na temelju prikupljenih podataka dane su preporuke za uvođenje odabranih vrsta u poljoprivrednu proizvodnju.The diversity of plant life is the immeasurable wealth of any country and is the basis for stable and dynamic agricultural production. A large number of medicinal and aromatic plant species find their natural habitat in the area of the town of Križevci and its surroundings, but their diversity has not yet been systematically studied and analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants in the area of the town of Križevci and its surroundings and to examine the possibilities of collecting, cultivating and producing natural preparations for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. A total of 47 plant species were determined through field research at five locations (the city of Križevci, Lake Čabraji, Kalnik mountain, the vicinity of the river Glogovica, meadows in the vicinity of the city of Križevci). For the selected species, the morphological and biological characteristics as well as the medicinal potential were described and recommendations for the introduction of the selected species into agricultural production were made on the basis of the collected data