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Bioactive components of the dried fig variety 'Zamorčica'
No full textSmokva (Ficus carica L.), jedna od najstarijih voćnih vrsta, izvorno potječe s Bliskog istoka i ima dugu povijest uzgoja i prehrambene upotrebe. U ovom istraživanju analizirani su suhi plodovi sorte 'Zamorčica' uzgajani na otoku Prviću, s ciljem utvrđivanja sadržaja ukupnih fenola, flavonoida i antioksidativne aktivnosti. Suhi plodovi pokazali su visok sadržaj ukupnih fenola (1,344 mg GAE g⁻¹) i flavonoida (6,7 mg ekvivalenata kvercetina g⁻¹), pri čemu je maceracija tijekom 24 sata dala najbolje rezultate u ekstrakciji flavonoida. Antioksidativna aktivnost iznosila je 1,007 mM Trolox g⁻¹ uzorka. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju visok nutritivni potencijal suhe smokve, što upućuje na njezinu vrijednost kao izvora fenolnih spojeva i antioksidanasa te važnost u prehrani.The fig (Ficus carica L.), one of the oldest fruit species, originates from the Middle East and has a long history of cultivation and use as food. In this study, dried fruits of the ‘Zamorčica’ variety grown on the island of Prvić were analysed to determine the content of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Dry fruits had a high content of total phenols (1.344 mg GAE g-¹) and flavonoids (6.7 mg quercetin equivalents g-¹), with maceration for 24 hours providing the best results for flavonoid extraction. The antioxidant activity was 1.007 mM Trolox g-¹ of the sample. The results obtained confirm the high nutritional potential of dried figs, indicating their value as a source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and their importance in nutrition
Analysis of sow and gilt fertility on family farms in the Republic of Croatia
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se analizom plodnosti krmača i nazimica na obiteljskim gospodarstvima u Republici Hrvatskoj, s ciljem istraživanja utjecaja različitih čimbenika na broj živooprasene prasadi. U istraživanju su analizirani podaci prikupljeni u razdoblju od 2004. do 2024. godine, na obiteljskim gospodarstvima uključenima u hrvatski uzgojni program za svinje. Analizirani su utjecaji godine, sezone prasenja, genetipa krmače, rednog broja prasenja te vlasnika farme na reproduktivne rezultate. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da ovi čimbenici značajno utječu na broj živooprasene prasadi, pri čemu su genetip krmače i redni broj prasenja ključni za postizanje boljih rezultata. Sezonski faktori i specifičnosti upravljanja farmama također su se pokazali važnima. Na temelju ovih rezultata mogu se predložiti određene preporuke za unaprjeđenje proizvodnih praksi, s ciljem povećanja plodnosti i ekonomske isplativosti svinjogojske proizvodnje na obiteljskim gospodarstvima.This thesis analyzes the fertility of sows and gilts on family farms in the Republic of Croatia, aiming to investigate the impact of various factors on the number of live-born piglets. The study examines data collected between 2004 and 2024 from farms included in the Croatian pig breeding program. Following effects were analyzed: year, farrowing season, sow genotype, parity, and farm owner on reproductive outcomes. The results show that these factors significantly affect the number of live-born piglets, with sow genetics and parity being key in achieving better results. Seasonal factors and farm management practices were also found to be important. Based on these findings, certain recommendations can be made to improve production practices, with the goal of increasing fertility and the economic viability of pig production on family farms
Use of Bacillus subtilis probiotics in chicken fattening
No full textPromotori rasta su dodaci koji se koriste u hranidbi životinja za poboljšanje produktivnosti. Većinom su antibakterijski proizvodi i kokcidiostatici koji se terapeutski koriste do pred samo klanje. Ograničenja upotrebe antibiotika koje je uvela Europska unija potražnjom potrošača za proizvodima bez antimikrobnih ostataka naveli su proizvođače da pronađu alternative. Probiotici su proizvodi živih mikroorganizama koji blagotvorno utječu na domaćina, poboljšavajući crijevnu mikrobnu ravnotežu. Poboljšavaju iskorištenje hrane uz tendenciju povećanja upotrebe u smjesama jer ne ostavljaju ostatke u okolišu, tijelu životinje i ne uzrokuju rezistenciju kod ljudi u usporedbi s antibioticima. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio utvrditi učinak probiotika na bazi Bacillus subtilis na proizvodne rezultate i klaoničke pokazatelje trupa pilića. Pokus je proveden na 240 pilića hibrida Ross 308 raspoređenih u dvije skupine, kontrolna i pokusna, kojoj je dodano 40 g/t probiotika (Bacillus subtilis DSM 28343). Masa pilića, konzumacija i mortalitet pratio se tijekom cijelog tova i na temelju njih izračunati su prirast tjelesne mase i konverzija. Na kraju tova od 20 pilića svakog tretmana utvrđeni su klaonički pokazatelji trupa (randman; udjeli krila, bataka, zabataka, prsa, filea, leđa, te abdominalne masti, mase želuca i jetre). Korištenje probiotika na bazi Bacillus subtilis kod brojlera rezultiralo je na kraju tova od 35 dana smanjenjem prosječne tjelesne mase i prirasta. Pilići koji su dobivali probiotik ostvarili su 18% više abdominalne masti te višu konverziju hrane u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata, zaključujemo da dodavanje probiotika u krmne smjese za brojlere, u standardiziranom načinu proizvodnje, ne poboljšava proizvodne rezultate pilića u tovu. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja učinka probiotika kao alternative antibioticima i njihovog utjecaja na zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate pilića u tovu.Growth promoters are additives used in animal nutrition to improve productivity. Most of them are antibacterial products and coccidiostats that are used therapeutically until just before slaughter. Restrictions on the use of antibiotics introduced by the EU along with consumer demand for products without antimicrobial residues have led manufacturers to find alternatives. Probiotics are products of living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host, improving the intestinal microbial balance. They improve feed utilization with a tendency to increase their use in mixtures because they do not leave residues in the environment, the animal's body and do not cause resistance in humans compared to antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the effect of probiotics based on Bacillus subitus on production results and slaughter indicators of chicken carcasses. The experiment was conducted on 240 Ross 308 hybrid chickens divided into two groups, control and experimental, with 40 g/t of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis DSM 28343). Chicken weight, consumption and mortality were monitored throughout the fattening period, and body weight gain and conversion were calculated. After 35 days, 20 chickens of each group, carcass slaughter indicators were determined (randman; proportions of wings, drumsticks, rumps, breast, fillet, back, and abdominal fat, stomach and liver mass). The use of probiotics, Bacillus subtilis, in broilers resulted decrease in average body weight and growth. Chickens that received the probiotic achieved 18% more abdominal fat and higher feed conversion compared to the control. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the addition of probiotics to feed mixtures for broilers, in a standardized production method, does not improve the production results of chickens for fattening. However, further research is needed on the effect of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics and their impact on the health and production performance of broiler chickens
Birth weight of Croatian Spotted goat kids in organic production
No full textHrvatska šarena koza je autohtona hrvatska pasmina, a ujedno i najbrojnija pasmina koza uzgajana u Hrvatskoj. Tradicionalno se uzgaja na oskudnim i nepristupačnim krškim terenima gdje ima važnu ulogu u održavanju pašno-šumskih zajednica u ekološkoj proizvodnji. Cilj predmetnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj spola i određenih negenetskih čimbenika (veličine legla, redoslijeda jarenja, sezone jarenja i uzgajivača) na porodnu masu jaradi hrvatske šarene koze u ekološkom sustavu uzgoja. Utjecaj spola i navedenih negenetskih čimbenika na porodnu masu jaradi hrvatske šarene koze testiran je peterostrukom analizom varijance (peterostruka ANOVA). Od analiziranih čimbenika na porodnu masu jaradi hrvatske šarene koze, utvrđen je samo statistički značajan utjecaj veličine legla (P < 0,001). U budućim istraživanjima potrebno je analizirati i pojedine interakcije da bi se dobila jasnija slika važnosti pojedinog utjecaja na porodnu masu jaradi hrvatske šarene koze.The Croatian spotted goat is an autochthonous Croatian breed and at the same time the most frequently bred goat breed in Croatia. It is traditionally bred on scarce and inaccessible karst terrain, where it plays an important role in maintaining pasture-forest communities in organic production. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sex and certain non-genetic factors (litter size, order of kidding, season of kidding and breeder) on the birth weight of kids of the Croatian spotted goat in an organic breeding system. The influence of sex and the above-mentioned non-genetic factors on the birth weight of kids of the Croatian spotted goat was tested using a five-way analysis of variance (five-way ANOVA). Of the analysed factors on the birth weight of Croatian spotted goat kids, only litter size was found to have a statistically significant influence (P < 0.001). In future studies, it is necessary to analyse individual interactions to obtain a clearer picture of the importance of individual influences on the birth weight of Croatian spotted goat kids
The impact of bacteria isolated from flooded soil on the development of cabbage root systems
No full textU tlu žive različite bakterije, među kojima i tzv. PGP (eng. Plant Growth Promoting), poznate po svojim sposobnostima da potiču rast biljaka kroz različite biološke mehanizme. U ovom radu identificirano je 30 bakterijskih izolata koji su u prethodnim ispitivanjima pokazali da posjeduju PGP svojstva. Sekvenciranjem 16S rRNA regije utvrđeno je da većina izolata pripada rodovima Bacillus i Pseudomonas. U laboratorijskim uvjetima ispitan je njihov utjecaj na rast korijena kupusa. Statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno je da je većina izolata imala negativan utjecaj na rast korijena u usporedbi s kontrolnim biljkama koje su rasle bez prisutnosti bakterija. Ovaj rad pokazuje da PGP bakterije mogu izazvati stres kod mladih biljaka, što nepovoljno utječe na njihov rast i razvoj korijenovog sustava.
Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se detaljnije razumjeli čimbenici koji utječu na učinkovitost ovih bakterija, s posebnim naglaskom na izbjegavanje negativnih učinaka u ranim fazama razvoja biljaka. To će omogućiti njihovu sigurniju primjenu u održivoj poljoprivredi, s ciljem poboljšanja rasta i otpornosti biljaka.Various bacteria live in the soil, including Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) bacteria known for their ability to stimulate plant growth through various biological mechanisms. In this thesis, 30 bacterial isolates with previously confirmed PGP properties were identified. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region revealed that most isolates belong to the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Their influence on the growth of cabbage roots was tested under laboratory conditions. Statistical processing of the data revealed that most isolates had a negative effect on root growth, compared to control plants grown without bacteria. This study highlights that PGP bacteria can induce stress in young plants, adversely affecting their root development and overall growth. Further research is needed to better understand the factors influencing the efficiency of PGP bacteria and to prevent potential negative effects during early plant development. This will enable their safer application in sustainable agriculture, aimed at improving plant growth and resilience
Experiences and adjustment in the diet of foreign workers from Nepal, the Philippines and India in Croatia
No full textHrvatska se zadnjih godina susreće s velikom problemom manjka radne snage
posebno u određenim djelatnostima. Nakon što je Hrvatska ušla u Europsku uniju,
gospodarstvo doživljava veliki odljev radne snage, posebno kada je riječ o sektorima
turizma i građevinarstva. Potražnja za radnicima svaki dan raste te se kao moguće
rješenje predstavlja opcija uvoza stranaca. Stoga se potražnja za radnicima proširuje
i na zemlje Azije. Migracije imaju veliki kulturološki utjecaj na prilagodbu stranih
radnika, a posebno se to odnosi na prehrambene promjene. Predmet ovog rada je
iskustava i prilagodba u prehrani stranih radnika iz Nepala, Filipina i Indije u Hrvatskoj.
Metodom fokus grupe prikazane su prehrambene navike navedenih stranih radnika te
njihova prilagodba na hrvatsku prehranu. Shodno tome u radu se došlo do zaključka
kako je vidljiva razlika između hrvatske prehrane i njihove prehrane prije migracija, ali
da se uspješno prilagođavaju novim prehrambenim navikama.In recent years, Croatia has been facing a major problem of labor shortages, especially
in certain industries. After Croatia joined the European Union, the economy
experienced a large outflow of labor, especially when it comes to the tourism and
construction sectors. The demand for workers is growing every day, and the option of
importing foreigners is presented as a possible solution. Therefore, the demand for
workers is expanding to the countries of Asia. Migration has a great cultural impact on
the adaptation of foreign workers, and this especially applies to dietary changes. The
subject of this work is the experiences and adaptation in the diet of foreign workers
from Nepal, the Philippines and India in Croatia. Using the focus group method, the
eating habits of the aforementioned foreign workers and their adaptation to the
Croatian diet were presented. Accordingly, the paper came to the conclusion that there
is a visible difference between the Croatian diet and their diet before migration, but that
they are successfully adapting to new eating habits
The impact of foliar application of inactive yeasts on the chemical composition of 'Plavac mali crni' grapes
No full textKlimatske promjene uzrokuju raniji početak vegetacije i ubrzano dozrijevanje, što rezultira povećanjem sadržaja šećera, smanjenjem organskih kiselina i pojavom fenolne "nezrelosti". U radu se ispituje primjena inaktivnih kvasaca kao vanjskih aplikatora koji mogu ublažiti ove negativne trendove. Istraživanje je provedeno u vinogradu 'Plavca malog' na otoku Visu, gdje su folijarno primijenjeni inaktivni kvasci. Analizirani su sadržaj šećera, organskih kiselina i polifenola. Rezultati su pokazali da folijarna primjena inaktivnih kvasaca nije imala značajan pozitivan utjecaj na sadržaja i zrelost polifenola, te na sadržaj šećera i organskih kiselina.This thesis investigates the impact of foliar application of inactive yeasts on the chemical composition of 'Plavac mali crni' grapes, the most important black grape variety in Croatia. Climate change is causing an earlier start to the growing season and accelerated ripening, resulting in increased sugar content, reduced organic acids, and the occurrence of phenolic "immaturity." The study examines the use of inactive yeasts as external applications that could mitigate these negative trends. The research was conducted in a vineyard on the island of Vis, where inactive yeasts were applied foliarly. Analyses included sugar content, organic acids, and polyphenols. The results showed that the foliar application of inactive yeasts did not have a significant positive impact on the polyphenol content and maturity, as well as on the sugar and organic acid content
Analysis of copy number variants in the genome of Pag Island sheep
No full textVarijante broja kopija (engl. Copy Number Variants, CNVs) predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih oblika genetske varijacije, kako u smislu brzine mutacije, tako i udjela genoma koji obuhvaćaju. Ove varijacije mogu značajno utjecati na različite fenotipske osobine i imaju ključnu ulogu u prilagodbi, zdravlju i proizvodnim karakteristikama životinja. Paška ovca je poznata po svojoj prilagodljivosti te visokokvalitetnom mesu i mlijeku, s osobitostima poput visoke masnoće u mlijeku i specifične, finije vune. Ciljevi ovog rada bili su detektirati CNV-ove i CNV regije (CNVR-ove) specifične za populaciju paške ovce, povezati CNVR-ove s genima i njihovim funkcijama, te identificirati QTL regije koje se preklapaju s CNVR-ovima. U istraživanju su korišteni genotipovi (Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip) 25 jedinki paške ovce te 75 jedinki drugih pasmina (istarska ovca, dalmatinska pramenka i dubrovačka ruda). Pomoću bioinformatičkih alata za detekciju CNV-ova i njihovo povezivanje s funkcionalnim genima, ukupno je identificirano 955 CNVR-ova, od kojih je 18 bilo jedinstveno za pašku ovcu. Ove regije sadrže gene koji su ključni za osobine poput otpornosti na vanjske uvjete, metabolizma hranjivih tvari i reprodukcije. Također, prisutni su u biološkim putevima koji pružaju uvid u genetske osnove prilagodljivosti paške ovce na specifične okolišne uvjete. Dodatno, identificirani su QTL-ovi povezani s finoćom vune, koagulacijskim svojstvima mlijeka i proizvodnjom mesa. Ova saznanja mogu značajno doprinijeti daljnjem unapređenju uzgojnih programa, optimizaciji prehrane i postizanju veće produktivnosti, osiguravajući visoku kvalitetu proizvoda poput mlijeka i sira, po kojima je paška ovca nadaleko poznata.Copy number variants (CNVs) are one of the most common forms of genetic variation, both in terms of mutation rate and the proportion of the genome they cover. These variations can significantly affect various phenotypic traits and play a crucial role in the adaptation, health and production traits of animals. The Pag Island sheep is known for its adaptability as well as for its high-quality meat and milk with specific traits such as high milk fat content and fine wool. The objectives of this study were to detect CNVs and CNV regions (CNVRs) in the Pag Island sheep genome that are specific to the population, to map CNVRs to genes and their functions, and to identify QTL regions that overlap with CNVRs. Genotypes (Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip) of 25 Pag Island sheep and 75 individuals of other breeds (Istrian sheep, Dalmatian Pramenka and Dubrovnik Ruda) were used for the study. Using bioinformatics tools to detect CNVs and functional gene association, a total of 955 CNVRs were discovered, 18 of which were unique to the Pag Island sheep. These regions contain genes critical for traits such as resistance to environmental conditions, nutrient metabolism and reproduction, and are present in biological pathways that provide insights into the genetic basis of the Pag sheep's adaptation to specific environmental conditions. In addition, QTLs associated with wool fineness, milk coagulation traits and meat production have been identified. These findings can make an important contribution to further improvements in breeding programs, optimizing nutrition and achieving higher productivity, thus ensuring the high quality of products such as milk and cheese for which the Pag Island sheep is known
The benefits of horticultural therapy
No full textHortikulturna terapija predstavlja uključivanje sudionika u hortikulturne aktivnosti pod nadzorom obučenog terapeuta u svrhu postizanja točno određenih i dokumentiranih ciljeva liječenja. Velika prednost takvog tipa terapije je u tome što se može primijeniti praktički na sve dobne skupine (od djece predškolske dobi do starijih osoba), ali i različite društvene skupine kao što su djeca s teškoćama i osobe s invaliditetom, veterani s PTSP-om, zatvorenici, maloljetnici u odgojnim ustanovama ili maloljetničkim zatvorima i druge. Pri tome, svi rehabilitacijski procesi mogu se prilagođavati mogućnostima i potrebama samih korisnika. Hortikulturna terapija ima brojne psihološke, fizičke, kognitivne i društvene dobrobiti. Cilj ovog rada bio je detaljno prikazati te prednosti i navesti primjere istraživanja vezana za njih.Horticultural therapy is the involvement of participants in horticultural activities under the supervision of a trained therapist in order to achieve precisely defined and documented treatment goals. The great advantage of this type of therapy is that it can be applied to practically all age groups (from preschool children to the elderly), but also different social groups such as children with difficulties and people with disabilities, veterans with PTSD, prisoners, juveniles in educational institutions or juvenile prisons and others. At the same time, all rehabilitation processes can be adapted to the possibilities and needs of the users themselves. Horticultural therapy has numerous psychological, physical, cognitive and social benefits. The aim of this paper was to present these advantages in detail and to provide examples of research related to them