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Firefighting tactics for extinguishing of a public building
No full textPožar kao neželjeni događaj zbog njegove nepredvidljivosti razvija se bez kontrole, uz
mogućnost dovođenja u opasnost ljudske živote kao i uzrokujući velike materijalne štete. Faktori
koji utječu na njega ne mogu se sažeti u jedan okvir kojim bi se moglo opisati i shvatiti
djelovanje.
Promatrajući javne zgrade govorimo o izazovima požara u zatvorenim prostorima. U takvim
prostorima zbog nastanka dima sa smanjenim pritokom kisika govorimo o opasnostima koje
dovode do stvaranja opasnih spojeva, a time i do plamenih buktinja. Poznavanjem tipa požara s
njegovim karakteristikama ovisi koja će se taktika i sredstvo gašenja primijeniti.
U takvim zahtjevnim intervencijskim postupcima važna je brza evakuacija svih prisutnih te
sigurnost vatrogasaca. Stoga se zakonskom regulativom, normama i propisima postavljaju
zahtjevi prema odgovornoj osobi ustanove kao i osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi vatrogasaca koju mora
ista ispunjavati.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu radom se istražuje i analizira cjelovita taktika gašenja stvarnog
požara i usporedba taktičkog pristupa teoretskog požara. Temelji se na analizi stvarnog događaja
požara u Osnovnoj školi Mate Lovraka u Zagrebu iz 2020. godine i usporedbi te mjerenju
vremena vježbe evakuacije, spašavanja i gašenja požara u Osnovnoj školi „Braća Bobetko“
Sisak u 2024. godini.
Cilj rada je kritičkom analizom stvarne i teoretske akcije gašenja požara objasniti i usporediti
uporabljene taktike gašenja požara.
Rezultatima mjerenja i usporedbe stvarne i teoretske akcije, može se zaključiti kako se u
zahtjevnim intervencijskim zadacima promatranima u ovom radu pristupilo stručno,
profesionalno, ispunjavajući „Zakon o zaštiti od požara“ NN 92/10, 114/22, „ Zakon o zaštiti na
radu“ NN 71/14, 118/14, 154/14, 94/18, 96/18, i „Pravilnik o standardnim operativnim
postupcima“ NN 44/22 .
Radom se predlažu mogućnosti poboljšanja kojima bi se povećao učinak vatrogasnih
intervencija koje se odnose na javne zgrade - osnovne škole.
Radi efektnijeg ispunjavanja uvjeta održavanja, provjere stanja opreme i uređaja koji su jamac
uspješnijih hitnih intervencija u kriznim situacijama, uočena je potreba za zapošljavanjem
stručnjaka sigurnosti, zaštite na radu i radnog okoliša.
Upućena je osnivačima škola, te udruženjima stručnjaka sigurnosti i zaštite na radu u traženju
promjena zakonskih propisa koje se odnose na javne obrazovne institucije.Fire as an unwanted event due to its unpredictability develops without control, with the
possibility of endangering human lives as well as causing great material damage. The factors
influencing it cannot be summed up in a single framework that could be used to describe and
understand the action
Looking at public buildings, we talk about the challenges of fires in closed spaces. In such
spaces, due to the formation of smoke with reduced oxygen flow, we are talking about dangers
that lead to the formation of dangerous compounds, and thus to flames. Knowing the type of fire
and its characteristics depends on which tactics and means of extinguishing will be applied.
In such demanding intervention procedures, the rapid evacuation of all those present and the
safety of the firefighters are important. Therefore, legal regulations, norms and regulations set
requirements for the responsible person of the institution as well as the personal protective
equipment of firefighters, which must be met by the same.
In the experimental part, the work investigates and analyzes the complete tactics of
extinguishing a real fire and a comparison of the tactical approach of a theoretical fire. It is based
on the analysis of the actual event of the fire at the Mate Lovrak Elementary School in Zagreb
from 2020 and the comparison and measurement of the time of the evacuation, rescue and fire
extinguishing exercise at the "Braća Bobetko" Elementary School in Sisak in 2024.
The aim of the paper is to explain and compare the used firefighting tactics through a critical
analysis of real and theoretical firefighting action.
From the results of measurements and comparison of real and theoretical action, it can be
concluded that the demanding intervention tasks observed in this work were approached
expertly, professionally, fulfilling the "Fire Protection Act" NN 92/10, 114/22, "Occupational
Protection Act" "Official Gazette 71/14, 118/14, 154/14, 94/18, 96/18, and "Regulations on
Standard Operating Procedures" Official Gazette 44/22.
The paper proposes the possibilities of improvement that would increase the effect of fire
interventions related to public buildings - elementary schools.
In order to more effectively fulfill maintenance requirements, check the condition of equipment
and devices that guarantee more successful emergency interventions in crisis situations, the need
for employment of safety, occupational health and work environment experts was observed.
It is addressed to founders of schools, and associations of occupational safety and health experts
in seeking changes to legal regulations related to public educational institutions
Risk assessment of physical hazards at the workplace of a police officer
No full textZavršni rad istražuje različite elemente poslova policije, s posebnim naglaskom na rizike kojima su policijski službenici izloženi tijekom obavljanja svojih dužnosti. Rad je podijeljen u nekoliko ključnih dijelova. U prvom dijelu, razmatraju se različite vrste poslova u policiji, uključujući prometnu, temeljnu, graničnu i kriminalističku policiju. Drugi dio rada analizira rizike na radnom mjestu, kako na svjetskoj razini, tako i specifično za policijske službenike. Osim toga, detaljno se razmatraju fizikalne štetnosti kojima su policajci izloženi, poput osvijetljenosti, nepovoljnih klimatskih uvjeta, buke i vibracija. Rad se također bavi procjenom rizika, uključujući matricu procjene rizika i tretman tih rizika. Posljednji dio rada fokusira se na ulogu policije u operacijama spašavanja tijekom katastrofa te planiranje tih operacija.This thesis explores various aspects of police work, with a particular focus on the risks that police officers face while performing their duties. The thesis is divided into several key sections. The first section discusses the different roles within the police force, including traffic, basic, border, and criminal police. The second part analyses workplace risks, both globally and specifically for police officers. It also addresses the physical hazards that officers are exposed to, such as lighting, adverse climatic conditions, noise, and vibrations. The thesis further explores risk assessment, including risk assessment matrices and the treatment of these risks. The final part focuses on the role of the police in rescue operations during disasters and the planning of these operations
Occupational hazards and harmfulness of a maintenance technician in railway transport
No full textRadno mjesto tehničara za održavanje u željezničkom transportu koje je dio Lanca opskrbe u sustavu Petrokemije, d.d. radno je mjesto specifičnih zahtjeva i radnih zadataka u kojem se isprepliću razne opasnosti i rizici. U ovom radu daje se kratak pregled fizikalnih štetnosti, opasnosti i rizika, kao i mjere koje se poduzimaju radi umanjenja rizika i zaštite života i zdravlja radnika prilikom obavljanja poslova navedenog radnog mjesta.The job of a maintenance technician in railway transport, which is part of the Supply Chain in the Petrokemija d.d. system, is a job with specific requirements and work tasks in which various hazards and risks are intertwined. This paper provides a brief overview of physical hazards, hazards and risks, as well as measures taken to reduce risks and protect the life and health of workers when performing the tasks of the aforementioned job
Coordination and Tactics of Emergency Services in Traffic Accidents
No full textUčinkovita koordinacija hitnih službi u prometnim nesrećama od presudne je važnosti za pravovremenu reakciju, očuvanje života unesrećenih i sigurnost svih sudionika na mjestu nesreće. Rad detaljno razmatra ulogu hitne medicinske pomoći, vatrogasnih službi i policije te njihovu međusobnu suradnju tijekom kriznih situacija. Naglašava se kako koordinacija nije samo logistički izazov već i pitanje pravilne komunikacije, pridržavanja standardiziranih protokola i prilagodbe specifičnostima svake nesreće.
Posebna pažnja posvećena je zakonskom i tehničkom okviru djelovanja hitnih službi u Hrvatskoj, koji definira postupke intervencije i ulogu pojedinih timova. Rad analizira i ključne izazove, poput kašnjenja, nedostatka opreme i resursa te prepreka u komunikaciji između timova. Analiza statistika o vrstama i uzrocima prometnih nesreća pokazuje važnost unapređenja sustava za sprječavanje i brzo rješavanje takvih situacija.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu obrađene su taktike intervencija, uključujući procjenu situacije na licu mjesta, pružanje prve pomoći unesrećenima, evakuaciju te upravljanje nesrećama. Pritom se ističe potreba za jasnim procedurama i pravilnim rasporedom zaduženja kako bi se izbjegla konfuzija na terenu.
Prikaz stvarnih simulacijskih vježbi naglašava važnost kontinuirane obuke i praktičnih scenarija za unapređenje spremnosti hitnih službi. Zaključeno je da su specijalizirana obuka, bolja opremljenost i integracija naprednih tehnologija koraci za poboljšanje učinkovitosti.
Zajednički rad svih hitnih službi, potpomognut odgovarajućom infrastrukturom i sustavnim ulaganjima, može značajno smanjiti rizike za unesrećene i osigurati sigurnost hitnih timova. Takav pristup omogućava brže i preciznije intervencije, smanjenje stope smrtnosti i invaliditeta te osiguranje javne sigurnosti u situacijama visokog rizika.Effective coordination of emergency services in traffic accidents is crucial for timely response, saving lives, and ensuring the safety of everyone at the accident scene. This paper thoroughly examines the roles of emergency medical services, fire departments, and police forces, as well as their collaboration during crisis situations. It emphasizes that coordination is not only a logistical challenge but also a matter of proper communication, adherence to standardized protocols, and adaptation to the specific circumstances of each accident.
Special attention is given to the legal and technical framework governing emergency services in Croatia, which defines intervention procedures and the roles of individual teams. The study also analyzes key challenges, such as delays, lack of equipment and resources, and communication barriers between teams. Statistical analysis of the types and causes of traffic accidents highlights the importance of improving systems for preventing and swiftly resolving such situations.
The experimental part explores intervention tactics, including on-site situation assessment, providing first aid to victims, evacuation, and accident management. It stresses the need for clear procedures and proper task allocation to avoid confusion in the field.
A review of real-life simulation exercises underscores the importance of continuous training and practical scenarios to enhance the preparedness of emergency services. The conclusion emphasizes that specialized training, better equipment, and the integration of advanced technologies are critical steps toward improving efficiency.
The collective efforts of all emergency services, supported by appropriate infrastructure and systematic investments, can significantly reduce risks for victims and ensure the safety of emergency teams. Such an approach enables faster and more accurate interventions, reduces mortality and disability rates, and ensures public safety in high-risk situations
Properties of welded pipes grade X-70 for gas transportation system
No full textZavarene cijevi stupnja X - 70 su rezultat napredne metalurške obrade i zavarivačkih tehnologija, što im omogućuje da zadrže visoke performanse čak i u ekstremnim uvjetima. Njihova svojstva, uključujući duktilnost, tvrdoću i otpornost na pucanje, čine ih idealnim izborom za dugotrajne i pouzdane plinovode. U ovom završnom radu analizirani su osnovni postupci zavarivanja, specifični postupci zavarivanja navedenih cijevi, mehanička i kemijska svojstva samih cijevi, a time i plinovoda, isto tako i utjecaj različitih čimbenika na njihovu izvedbu u plinskim transportnim sustavima. Također su uvršteni i podaci prikupljeni prilikom obilaska trase za vrijeme izvođenja radova zavarivanja i polaganja cijevi za plinski transportni sustav, kao i bitni postupci kontrole ispitivanja zavara.
Očekuje se da će se kroz razumijevanje svojstava zavarenih cijevi stupnja X - 70 doprinijeti razvoju učinkovitijih i sigurnijih plinskih transportnih sustava.Grade X - 70 welded pipes are the result of advanced metallurgical processing and welding technologies, which allows them to maintain high performance even in extreme conditions. Their properties, including ductility, hardness and cracking resistance, make them an ideal choice for long-lasting and reliable gas pipelines. In this final work the basic welding processes, specific welding procedures of the mentioned pipes, mechanical and chemical properties of the pipes themselves and thus of gas pipelines, as well as the influence of various factors on their performance in gas transportation systems are analysed. Also included are the data collected during the tour of the route during the welding and laying of pipes for the gas transportation system, as well as the important procedures for controlling the welds.
It is expected that by understanding the properties of welded pipes grade X - 70 it will contribute to the development of more efficient and safer gas transportation systems
Development and application of immobilized composite photocatalysts obtained by sol-gel process
No full textU ovom radu korišten je fotokatalizator titan(IV) oksid (TiO2) zbog svoje dostupnosti, kemijske i biološke inertnosti, ali i dobrih fotokatalitičkih svojstava. Da bi se olakšala njegova primjena u usporedbi sa suspendiranim oblikom provedena je njegova imobilizacija na mrežu od staklenih vlakana sol-gel postupkom. Istraživano je mogu li se u procesu sušenja primijeniti i mikrovalovi zbog same brzine sušenja i pripreme fotokatalizatora te je utvrđen negativan utjecaj. Daljnje istraživanje bilo je usmjereno prema dopiranju TiO2 višeslojnim ugljičnim nanocijevima (MWCNT) i grafen oksidom (GO) s ciljem poboljšanja fotokatlitičke aktivnosti TiO2 pri Sunčevom zračenju. Dopiranje je provedeno s različitim udjelima MWCNT u odnosu na masu TiO2: 1,5, 5, 10, 25, 50 i 100 mas. %. Najbolju fotokatalitičku aktivnost pokazao je fotokatalizator dopiran s 10 mas.% MWCNT u usporedbi s pripravljenim TiO2 fotokatalizatorom. Na temelju istraživanja fotokatalizatora pripremljenog s MWCNT pripremljeni su i fotokatalizatori dopirani s GO i to u udjelima od 5, 10 i 25 mas. %. Rezultati su pokazali da GO negativno utječe na fotokatalizu. Fotokatalitička aktivnost pripremljenih fotokatalizatora je praćena razgradnjom modalne otopine salicilne kiseline UV-Vis spektrofotometrom pod simuliranim Sunčevim zračenjem. Salicilna kiselina je korištena kao primjer mikroonečišćenja koje se uvelike pojavljuje u okolišu jer ima široku primjenu u lijekovima i kozmetičkim proizvodima. Nadalje, istražena je postojanost pripravljenih fotokatalizatora te su rezultati starenja na zraku i u vodi pokazali da je moguća višekratna uporaba pripremljenih fotokatalizatora bez značajnog opadanja njegove aktivnosti.It was investigated whether microwaves could also be used for the drying process due to the speed of drying and the preparation of the photocatalyst, and a negative impact was determined. Further research was focused on the doping of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) with multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO) with the aim of improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under solar radiation. The doping was carried out with different proportions of MWCNT in relation to the mass of the TiO2: 1.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 wt. %. The photocatalyst doped with 10 wt. % MWCNT showed the best photocatalytic activity compared to the photocatalyst prepared with TiO2. Based on the study of the photocatalyst prepared with MWCNT, photocatalysts doped with GO were also prepared in proportions of 5, 10 and 25 wt. %. The results showed that GO has a negative effect on the photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalysts was monitored by decomposing the salicylic acid modal solution with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer under simulated solar radiation. Salicylic acid was used as an example of a micropollutant that is widely present in the environment as it is often used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. Furthermore, the stability of the prepared photocatalysts was investigated, and the results of aging in air and in water showed that repeated use of the prepared photocatalysts is possible without a significant decrease in its activity
Risk assessment and safety management in the chemical laboratory in the process of steel production
No full textProces proizvodnje čelika je zahtjevna djelatnost gdje, osim same proizvodnje čelika, veliku ulogu ima i kemijska analiza, koja se provodi u kemijskom laboratoriju. U procesu proizvodnje provode se različita dodatna ispitivanja, kalibracija uređaja i ostali poslovi. Kemijski laboratorij u proizvodnji čelika sadrži specifične izazove stoga se primjenjuju različite metodologije, ISO norme i ostali standardi za upravljanje sigurnošću. Kroz ovaj rad istraživanje će se bazirati na ključnim aspektima sigurnosti te procjenu rizika u kemijskom laboratoriju unutar firme ABS Sisak d.o.o.
Na svakom radnom mjestu, pa tako i u kemijskom laboratoriju, postoje rizici za radnika pri odrađivanju radnih zadataka. Stoga je potrebno izraditi procjenu rizika te radnike upoznati s rizicima na radnom mjestu kako ne bi došlo do ozljede na radu, profesionalnih bolesti ili bolesti u vezi s radom. Na temelju procjene rizika i vjerojatnosti nastanka posljedice, određuju se mjere poput osobne zaštitne opreme za radnika i dodatnih osposobljavanja kako bi radnik na siguran način obavljao radne obaveze.The steel production process is a demanding activity, where in addition to the production of steel itself, chemical analysis also plays a major role. In the chemical laboratory, chemical analyses are performed following the production process. Various additional tests, device calibration and other tasks are performed in addition to the production process. The chemical laboratory in steel production contains specific challenges, therefore different methodologies, ISO standards and other standards for safety management are applied. Through this paper, the research will be based on key aspects of safety and risk assessment in the chemical laboratory in the ABS Sisak d.o.o.
In every workplace, including the chemical laboratory, there are risks for workers when performing tasks. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a risk assessment and familiarize workers with the risks in the workplace in order to prevent injuries at work, occupational diseases or work-related illnesses. Based on the assessment of the risk and the probability of the consequences, measures such as personal protective equipment for the worker and additional trainings are determined so that the worker can safely perform his work duties
Analysis of dangers, hazards and efforts at the workplace of a professional driver
No full textZavršni rad bavi se analizom opasnosti, štetnosti i radnih napora s kojima se profesionalni vozači svakodnevno suočavaju. Kroz teorijski i praktični pristup, prikazane su najčešće fizičke i psihičke poteškoće koje proizlaze iz dugotrajnog sjedenja, rada u smjenama, stresa izazvanim prometom te izloženosti nepovoljnim vremenskim uvjetima i prometnim situacijama. Također su obrađeni relevantni zakonski okviri i određene preventivne mjere u području zaštite na radu, s ciljem očuvanja zdravlja i sigurnosti vozača. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na ulogu ergonomije, tehničke ispravnosti vozila i organizacije radnog vremena. Rad uključuje i analizu podataka te grafički prikaz najčešćih zdravstvenih problema profesionalnih vozača, kao i preporuke za smanjenje rizika u svakodnevnom radu.This final paper analyzes the dangers, harmful effects, and physical and mental strains faced by professional drivers in their daily work. Through both theoretical and practical perspectives, it outlines the most common physical and psychological challenges resulting from prolonged sitting, shift work, traffic-related stress, and exposure to adverse weather and road conditions. Relevant legal frameworks and occupational health and safety measures are also discussed, with a focus on preserving drivers’ health and safety. Special attention is given to the role of ergonomics, vehicle maintenance, and work schedule organization. The paper includes data analysis and graphical representation of the most common health problems affecting professional drivers, as well as recommendations for reducing occupational risks
Unmanned aircraft in the air space of the Republic of Croatia and antidron protection
No full textBespilotne letjelice su danas postale vrlo dostupne, a kao takve mogu se koristiti u rekreativne svrhe, pri obavljanju određenih djelatnosti, pri povećanju sigurnosti, pa čak i za kriminalne djelatnosti. U ovom završnom radu bit će pružen pregled osnovnih pravila izvođenja letova bespilotnim letjelicama u Republici Hrvatskoj, te način sprječavanja upotrebe istih za kriminalne djelatnosti. Kategorizirat će se vrste prijetnji, navodeći neke poznate incidentne situacije. Također će se predstaviti načini detekcije i neutralizacije zlonamjernih bespilotnih letjelica.Unmanned aerial vehicles have become very accessible today, and as such they can be used for recreational purposes, performing certain activities, increasing security, and even for criminal activities. This final paper will provide an overview of the basic rules for conducting drone flights in the Republic of Croatia, as well as the way to prevent their use for criminal activities. The types of threats will be categorized, citing some known incident situations. Methods of detection and neutralization of malicious drones will also be presented
Measurement and analysis of noise as a source of environmental pollution
No full textBuka je jedan od onečišćivača okoliša, a uzrokovana je antropogenim djelovanjem. Izvori onečišćenja bukom prisutni su svuda u okolišu, a obuhvaćaju sve aktivnosti od glasne glazbe na koncertima, vozila na prometnicama, uključujući željeznički i zračni promet, građevinske i javne radove uređenja okoliša, sportske događaje, dok izvori onečišćenja bukom u industrijskim područjima, osim što predstavljaju značajan rizik za zdravlje zaposlenika, utječu i na okolno stanovništvo i životinjski svijet.
Onečišćenje bukom danas je ozbiljan okolišni problem te se danas sve više pozornosti posvećuje ograničavanju razine buke kako bi se smanjilo opterećenje na okoliš.Noise is one of the environmental pollutants, and it is caused by anthropogenic activity. Sources of noise pollution are present everywhere in the environment, and include all activities from loud music at concerts, vehicles on roads, including rail and air traffic, construction and public landscaping works, sports events, while sources of noise pollution in industrial areas, in addition to representing a significant risk to the health of employees, they also affect the surrounding population and animal life.
Noise pollution is a serious environmental problem today, and today more and more attention are paid to limiting the noise level in order to reduce the burden on the environment