Repository of Faculty of Metallurgy University of Zagreb
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Advancement of the scientific-research potential of the Faculty of Metallurgy through the implementation of infrastructure projects
No full textMetallurgical production is considered as one of the drivers of the world economy. Metallurgy is a traditional, profitable and export-oriented industry branch in the Republic of Croatia. Excellence can be based on investment in highly sophisticated equipment as a potential for acquiring new and/or innovative knowledge, creativity and recognition on the European research map. The investment potential is based on the infrastructure projects Center for Founding - SIMET (KK.01.1.1.02.0020) of the Faculty of Metallurgy University of Zagreb in partnership with the Sisak-Moslavina County and VIRTULAB – Integrated laboratory for primary and secondary raw materials (KK.01.1.1.02.0022) in which the Faculty of Metallurgy is one of the partners. The projects were funded by the European Fund for Regional Development in the framework of Operational Program Competitiveness and Cohesion (2014-2020). Investment in equipment is not an end in itself! The created research potential forms the basis for investments in the knowledge, skills and competences of employees and students, while opening opportunities for economically targeted activities. Today, self-sustainability must be achieved by delivering excellent research results to stakeholders. Specific scientific research and professional projects as well as targeted education and training for critical and innovative thinking based on sophisticated equipment purchased through infrastructure projects will stimulate innovations in metallurgy. Raising the level of research quality with the motto “From idea to final product” will promote the competitiveness, recognition and general importance of ideas and innovations in metallurgy and metal industry as an important sector of the economic development of the Republic of Croatia
Analytical approach to crack tip plasticity of dental CoCrMo alloy
No full textIn this paper, a thin infinite plate of CoCrMo alloy with a straight crack was loaded perpendicularly to the crack plane. CoCrMo alloys are due to their suitable mechanical and corrosion properties widely used for dental applications. The importance of good mechanical properties is reflected in ensuring the functional and technical durability of dental appliances. The intention of this paper is to use a mathematical approach in analyzing a thin infinite plate with a straight crack to the rather complex occurrences within the cohesive zones around the crack tips. The dependence of plastic zone magnitude around the crack tip on an external load of dental CoCrMo alloy plate was considered in this paper. Static tensile tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of dental CoCrMo alloy. At plastic deformation, the dental CoCrMo alloy is nonlinearly hardened in accordance with the Ramberg-Osgood equation which parameters were determined using a least-squares method from experimental data. The application of the Dugdale model the plastic zone magnitude around the crack tip was determined. The stress intensity coefficient from the cohesive stresses was calculated using Green functions. The analytical methods, assuming a small plastic zone around a crack tip, were used in the analysis. The results were obtained by means of a commercial software package and presented in the form of diagrams
Safety of electricians in the distribution of electricity
No full textSigurnost na radu je od iznimne važnosti pri radu s električnom energijom. Stoga je bitno prepoznati opasnosti, štetnosti i napore s kojima se elektromonteri susreću. Budući da su u suvremenom poslovnom svijetu ugroze, opasnosti i rizici sve veći,potrebno je ulagati u sigurnost kompanija kako bi se zaštitile osobe, imovina, te kako bi se sigurnost povećala na određenurazinu koja bi odgovarala suvremenim sigurnosnim zahtjevima i standardima. Opće je poznato kako su poslovi s posebnim uvjetima rada iznimno zahtjevni i potrebno je posvetiti posebnu pozornost prilikom obavljanja ovakvih radova. U prvom dijelu ovoga rada obrađena je tema rizika na poslovima elektromontera u distribuciji električne energije. Opisani su primjeri mogućih ozljeda na radu, a svrha ovog rada je prepoznavanje i sprječavanje nastanka ozljeda na radu. Pažnja je usmjerena na uvjete rada i opasnosti. U konačnici, kada se opasnosti u poslovima elektromontera ne mogu umanjiti, pristupa se osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi.
U drugom dijelu rada se govori o procjeni rizika, te je napravljena i tablična procjena rizika za radno mjesto elektromontera. Zaštita radnika pridonosi poslovanju firme, ne samo u ekonomskom smislu, već i u smislu rasta firme koja je prepoznata na domaćem tržištu kao vodeća u području distribucije električne energije.Safety at work is of paramount importance when working with electricity. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the dangers, harms and efforts that electricians face. As threats, dangers and risks are increasing in the modern business world, it is necessary to invest in the safety of companies in order to protect persons, property, and to increase the security to a certain level that would correspond to modern security requirements and standards. It is widely known that jobs with special working conditions are extremely demanding and it is necessary to pay special attention when carrying out such work. The first part of this paper deals with the topic of risk in the work of electricians working in the distribution of electricity. Examples of possible injuries at work are described, and the purpose of this work is to recognize and prevent the occurrence of injuries at work.Attention is focused on working conditions and hazards. Ultimately, when the dangers in the affairs of electricians cannot be minimized, personal protective equipment is accessed. In the second part of the paper, the risk assessment is discussed, and a tabular assessment of the risks to the position of the electrician was made.The protection of workers contributes to the business of the company, not only in economic terms, but also in terms of the growth of the company, which is recognized in the domestic market as a leader in the field of electricity distribution
Occupational exposure to toxic sustances in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 2010 to 2020
No full textIako se čovjek naučio obraniti ili u krajnju ruku prilagoditi opasnostima koje vrebaju iz prirode, najveću prijetnju za njegovo zdravlje i sigurnost predstavljaju otrovi nastali iz antropogenih izvora odnosno onih koje je stvorio čovjek. Svjesni potencijalne opasnosti od brojnih otrova i rizika po zdravlje, čovjek ipak mnoge od otrova ne može jednostavno izbaciti, kako iz svakodnevnog života, tako ni iz radnog okruženja, upravo radi činjenice što su isti otrovi i nerijetko osnova raznih tehnoloških procesa. Otrovi se mogu susresti u mnogim djelatnostima od poljoprivrede, šumarstva, energetike, prerađivačke industrije, prehrambene industrije, farmaceutske industrije kao i mnogim drugim gospodarskim granama u kojima su ljudi u izravnom ili neizravnom kontaktu sa spomenutim štetnostima. Evidentno je kako izloženost otrovnim tvarima u radnom okolišu kroz dulje vremensko razdoblje, može dovesti do profesionalnih oboljenja uzrokovanih tim štetnostima, pa se i logično nameće pitanje – kako se zaštititi od posljedica djelovanja štetnosti u procesu rada?
S obzirom da su profesionalne bolesti najčešće uzrokovane nekim kemijskim, fizikalnim ili biološkim štetnostima na radnome mjestu i obično se pojavljuju nakon višegodišnje izloženosti toj štetnosti, u ovom radu su prikazani podaci o profesionalnoj izloženosti zaposlenika u Republici Hrvatskoj otrovnim tvarima i to u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine. Na temelju podataka objavljenih u godišnjim izvješćima Centra za kontrolu otrovanja Instituta za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada, načinjena je analiza svih zabilježenih slučajeva profesionalnih otrovanja u promatranom razdoblju, a koja su uzrokovale otrovne tvari poput dimova od zavarivanja, kiselina i lužina, organskih otapala, pesticida, lijekova, metala, dezinficijensa, antiseptika i drugih.Even though the man has learned to defend himself, or ultimately to adapt to various hazards lurking in the nature, the greatest threat to his health and safety lies in poisons from anthropogenic sources, i.e. those created by the man himself. In spite of being aware of the potentional dangers of many poisons and risks they represent to our health, we cannot simply dispose of all poisons, neither from everyday life, nor from the work environment, due to the fact that the very same poisons are frequently the basis of various tehnological processes. Poisons can be found in many industries – ranging from agriculture, forestry, producing energy, processing and food industry, pharmaceutical industry, to many other branches of economy in which people are in direct or indirect contact with these hazards. It is evident that the exposure to toxic substances in working environment over a longer period of time can lead to occupational diseases caused by these harmful influences. Therefore, the logical question that poses itself is how to protect oneself from the effects of toxic substances in the work process.
Considering the fact that occupational diseases are mostly caused by various chemical, physical or biological hazards in the workplace, and usually occur after many years of exposure, this paper presents data connected with occupational exposure to toxic substances in the Republic of Croatia from 2010 to 2020. Based on the data published in the annual reports of the Poison Control Center at the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, the analysis of all the recorded cases of occupational poisoning in the observed period has been made. Those cases were caused by toxic substances, such as welding fumes, acids and alkalis, organic solvents, pesticides, drugs, metals, disinfectants, antiseptics and others
Biomedical magnesium alloys
No full textZahvaljujući razvoju biomedicinskog inženjerstva razvijaju se novi biomaterijali koji omogućuju poboljšanje zdravlja i kvalitete života stanovništva. U ovom završnom radu navedene su legure na bazi magnezija koje se koriste kao biomedicinski implantati. Opisana su svojstva magnezija koja osiguravaju njegovu upotrebu kao biomaterijala s naglaskom na biorazgradivost. Također je opisana proizvodnja legura na bazi magnezija te utjecaj pojedinih legirnih elemenata na njihova svojstva. Navedene su i modifikacije reaktivnih površina magnezijevih legura sa svrhom poboljšanja otpornosti na koroziju u fiziološkom okruženju. Prikazani su i konkretni primjeri primjene biomedicinskih legura na bazi magnezija.Thanks to advances in biomedical engineering, new biomaterials are being developed to improve people's health and quality of life. In this work overview of magnesium-based alloys for use as biomedical implants is given. The properties of magnesium that ensure its use as a biomaterial are described, with an emphasis on biodegradability. The production of magnesium-based alloys and the effect of individual alloying elements on their properties are also described. Modification of the reactive surface of magnesium alloys to improve corrosion resistance in physiological environments is also given. Specific application examples of magnesium-based biomedical alloys are also presented
Biodegradation of materials
No full textRazvoj industrije, ubrzani ritam života i porast populacije dovode do stvaranja velikih količina otpada koji se najvećim dijelom sastoji od nerazgradivih materijala. Veliku količinu otpada nije moguće u kratkom roku pravilno sanirati te velik dio završava u prirodi gdje predstavlja ekološki i zdravstveni rizik. Osim recikliranja materijala i pravilnog saniranja otpada kao rješenje se nameću biorazgradivi materijali. Sam proces biorazgradnje ovisi o karakteristikama materijala, vrsti i broju prisutnih mikroorganizama te o uvjetima prisutnim u okolišu. Sintetski polimeri često su povezani s naftnom industrijom te se zbog ograničenosti naftnih zaliha, kao i zbog cijene nafte, znanstvenici i investitori okreću materijalima čije sirovine potječu iz drugih izvora, poželjno iz prirode. Sintetski biorazgradivi polimeri svojom strukturom oponašaju karakteristike prirodnih, a često se proizvode iz prirodnih sirovina koje su obnovljive, široko dostupne i jeftine. Upotreba biorazgradivih polimera najviše je zastupljena u ambalažnim proizvodima, farmaciji i medicini te agrokulturi.Industrial development, fast-paced lifestyle and growth of world's population results in accumulation of waste, which is mainly composed of non-biodegradable materials. Most of that waste can not be properly managed in short period of time, and a lot of it ends up in the nature presenting ecological and health risk. Besides material recycling and proper waste management, another solution is using biodegradable materials. Biodegradability depends on material properties, number and species of microbes and conditions in the environment. Production of many synthetic polymers is connected to the oil industry which has limited reserves and the prices are getting higher, so scientist and investors are turning to raw materials from other sources, preferably from nature. In their structure, synthetic biodegradable polymers mimic natural ones, and they are often produced from natural raw materials which are reusable, accessible and affordable. Biodegradable materials are mostly used in packaging, pharmacy, medicine and agriculture
The analysis of occupational injuries and occupational diseases
No full textU ovome završnom radu je definiran obuhvat i značenje ozljeda na radu i profesionalnih bolesti. Objašnjena je metodologija Europske statistike ozljeda na radu (u nastavku ESAW metodologija), njeni ciljevi te obveze Hrvatske prema podnošenju izvješća ozljeda na radu sukladno ESAW metodologiji. Nadalje su objašnjeni postupci prijave ozljede na radu te profesionalnih bolesti uz prikazane obrasce prijave. Prikazana je i statistika učestalosti ozljeda na radu i profesionalnih bolesti u Hrvatskoj, uz pripadajuće tablice i grafičke prikaze. Završno su uspoređeni podatci iz pet praktičnih primjera ozljeda na radu jedne tvrtke s podatcima Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje te dani prijedlozi za prevenciju takvih događaja u budućnosti.This final paper defines coverage and meaning of the occupational injuries and occupational diseases. Methodology by European statistics on accidents at work is explained (hereafter ESAW methodology), its goals and obligations that Croatia has when submitting reports about occupational injuries pursuant to the methodology of ESAW. Furthermore the process of reporting the accident with occupational injuries or occupational diseases is explained with their correspoding forms. The frequency statistics of occupational injuries and occupational diseases is shown for Croatia, with associated diagrams and tables. Finally a comparison of the data from five real-life examples of the occupational injuries from the local company with the Croatia health insurance fond, with added suggestions for the prevention of such events in the future
Metalurgija
No full textObjašnjenje što je metalurgija kao gospodarska i znanstvena djelatnost. Prikazan je razvoj metalurgije u svijetu i na tlu RH od pretpovijesnog do suvremenog doba. Opisan je razvoj obrazovanja, visokog školstva i znanosti iz područja metalurgije. Navedena su udruženja te istaknuta neka od važnijih objavljenih stručnih i znanstvenih radova
Plemeniti metali
No full textOpćenito o plemenitim metalima, tehnička primjena, nalazišta i dobivanje plemenitih metala u Hrvatskoj, zlatarstvo u Hrvatsko
Risk assessment of the electricians' work in the oil industry
No full textProcjena rizika jedna je od najvažnijih komponenti u svakodnevnom poslovanju različitih poduzeća. Izrađuje se na temelju pravilnika o procjeni rizika, a izdaje se od strane za to ovlaštene vanjske institucije ili osoba s odgovarajućim kompetencijama zaposlenim u tim institucijama odnosno osobe ovlaštene za procjenu rizika unutar promatranog poduzeća. Tema ovog završnog rada vezana je uz procjenu rizika, a konkretno se odnosi na rad električara u industriji transporta nafte te opasnostima, štetnostima i naporima s kojima se jedan električar može susresti. Poduzeće na čijem je primjeru napravljen ovaj rad je Jadranski naftovod d.d., koji je osnovan s ciljem upravljanja naftovodnim sustavom, te skladištenjem naftnih derivata.
Da bi se te opasnosti, štetnosti i napori mogli umanjiti, odnosno ukloniti, potrebno je posjedovati određene pravilnike zaštite na radu napravljene sukladno procjeni rizika. Njihov sadržaj je opisan u jednom od poglavlja ovog završnog rada, a konkretno se odnosi na mjere kontrole i zaštitnu opremu kako bi se bilokakvi rizici i njihov negativan utjecaj smanjio ili u konačnici potpuno izbjegao.Risk assessment is one of the most important components in the daily operations of various companies. It is prepared on the basis of the rulebook on risk assessment, and is issued by an external institution authorized for this purpose or persons with appropriate competences employed in these institutions, or persons authorized to assess risks within the observed company. The topic of this work is related to risk assessment, and it specifically refers to the work of electricians in the oil transportation industry and the dangers, harms and efforts that an electrician may encounter. The company on whose example this paper was made is Jadranski naftovod d.d., which was founded with the aim of managing the oil pipeline system and storing oil derivatives.
In order for these dangers, harms and efforts to be reduced or removed, it is necessary to have certain occupational safety regulations made in accordance with the risk assessment. Their content is described in one of the chapters of this work, and specifically refers to control measures and protective equipment in order to reduce any risks and their negative impact or ultimately avoid them completely