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Development of a lifelong learning course for rising innovativeness of raw materials professionals in Eastern and Southeastern Europe
No full textA lack of lifelong learning courses on raw materials in Eastern and Southeastern Europe (ESEE) results in lower levels of innovativeness for this region’s professionals. The consortium of Dubrovnik International ESEE Mining school—DIM ESEE project (2016–2020) conducted several questionnaire campaigns in order to establish the main needs, challenges, and current status of innovation utilization among raw materials professionals in the ESEE region. Based on these results, the DIM consortium developed four annual 3-day workshops within the new project, DIM ESEE-2: Implementing innovations, which would secure relevant content delivered by expert lecturers for an affordable price
Distribution and mobility of arsenic and iron in soil profile at Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda, Podravina : master's thesis
No full textPredmet istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada su uzorci tla s profila Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda u Podravini. Uzeto je ukupno 5 uzoraka i to na različitim dubinama profila: K–HG 1 (0–30 cm), K–HG 2 (30–60 cm), K– HG 3 (60–80 cm), K–HG 4 (80–100 cm) i K–HG 5 (100–130 cm). Cilj rada je bio odrediti raspodjelu i mobilnost arsena i željeza u istraživanom profilu tla. U tu svrhu, provedena su laboratorijska istraživanja određivanja kapaciteta kationske zamjene metodom Cu–triena, sekvencijska ekstrakcijska analiza (BCR), otapanje željezovih (oksi)hidroksida pomoću DCB–a, mineraloška analiza primjenom rendgenskog difraktometra (XRD) i određivanje veličine čestica metodom laserske difrakcije. Na temelju granulometrijskog sastava utvrđeno je da u svim uzorcima dominiraju čestice praha i pijeska, osim u zadnjem uzorku gdje dominira pijesak u odnosu na prah. Mineraloškom analizom utvrđene su pojave goethita, koje posebno dominiraju na dubinama od 60-100 cm, što odgovara dosadašnjim istraživanjima. Duž profila tla od svih uzoraka najveću koncentraciju As i Fe ima uzorak K–HG 3 koji se nalazi na dubini od 60 do 80 cm, što je povezano s oscilacijom podzemne vode (Fe2+ se precipitira u Fe3+). Iz dobivenih korelacija, utvrđeno je da je As dominanto vezan za Fe. Usporedbom koncentracija As dobivenih BCR metodom i zlatotopkom netopivog ostatka nakon DCB-a, utvrđeno je da As nije u potpunosti vezan za Fe, već je manjim djelom vezan i za rezidualnu frakciju. Usporedbom koncentracija As i Fe dobivenih ICP-MS metodom iz dosadašnjih istraživanja s BCR metodom, utvrđeno je da su veće koncentracije dobivene ICP-MS metodom. Na temelju rezultata BCR metode, utvrđeno je da nije pouzdana za određivanje distribucije Fe po frakcijama tla u uzorcima bogatim željezovim oksidima. To u ovom slučaju vrijedi i za As jer je dominantno vezan za Fe.Study subjects of this master’s thesis were soil samples collected at Kalinovac-Hrastova Greda in the Podravina region. The total of five samples were collected at different depths in the following profiles: K–HG 1 (0–30 cm), K–HG 2 (30–60 cm), K–HG 3 (60–80 cm), K–HG 4 (80–100 cm) and K–HG 5 (100–130 cm). The goal of this master’s thesis was to determine the distribution and mobility of arsenic and iron in the soil profile. For that purpose, laboratory research was performed by means of cation exchange capacity using the Cu-trien, BCR sequential extraction procedure, dissolution of iron oxide-hydroxide by DCB, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and determination of grain size by laser diffraction. Based on granulometry composition, the predominant presence of silt and sand particles was confirmed in all the samples except the last, where sand was more dominant than silt. Occurrences of goethite, which are dominant at depths from 60 to 100 cm, were determined through mineralogical analysis and correspond to previous studies. The K–HG 3 sample, positioned 60-80 cm in depth, contains the highest concentrations of As and Fe which are correlated with underground water oscillation, when Fe2+ precipitates into Fe3+. Arsenic is dominantly connected to iron which was determined from conducted correlations. The comparison of As concentrations obtained by BCR to those obtained using the aqua regia on the insoluble residue after the DCB, proved that As is mostly linked to Fe and residual fraction in minority. The comparison of As and Fe concentrations obtained by ICP-MS from previous studies to those obtained by using the BCR method confirmed the higher concentrations of elements when measured by ICPMS. Based on results obtained with the BCR, it was assessed that the method wasn’t reliable for determination of well crystallized Fe-minerals per individual soil fractions. In our case, this also applies for As which is dominantly connected to Fe
Determination of flooded area using multispectral satellite images in R software system : master's thesis
No full textAnaliza poplavljenog područja općine Gunje pomoću Landsat 8 satelitskih snimaka u R programskom sustavu. Korištena je formula za NDWI odnosno indeks normalizirane razlike vode da bi se izračunalo poplavljeno područje. Ulazni podaci na kojim se vršio izračun su satelitske snimke sa Landsat misije preuzete sa Earth Explorera koji se nalazi na USGS službenoj stranici.Analysis of the flooded area of the municipality of Gunje using Landsat 8 satellite images in the R software system. The NDWI or normalized water difference index was used to calculate the flooded area. The input data on which the measurements were performed are satellite images of Landsat mision taken from Earth Explorer located on the USGS official website
Mafitne enklave u granatnom granitu S-tipa kamenoloma Puklica, sjeverozapadni Papuk : završni rad
No full textIstraženo je pet uzoraka mafitnih enklava u granatnom S-tipu granita u kamenolomu Puklica,
nedaleko od naselja Đulovac na sjeverozapadnim obroncima Papuka. U svim uzorcima
mafitnih enklava nađeni su plagioklas, ortoklas, kvarc i biotit kao glavni minerali. Plagioklas
je zastupljen u puno većoj mjeri nego ortoklas. Akcesorni minerali su cirkon i apatit.
Plagioklas i ortoklas su djelomično alterirani u sericit i kalcit, a biotit u klorit, igličasti agregat
rutila i epidot. Struktura stijene je mikrozrnata, a tekstura mjestimice okarakterizirana
paralelnom do subparalelnom orijentacijom biotitnih listića. Stijena je klasificirana kao
mafitna enklava tonalitnog sastava. Stijena domaćin mafitnim enklavama, granit, sadrži kao
glavne minerale kvarc, plagioklas, ortoklas i mikroklin, akcesorni su cirkon, apatit i fibrolit.
Feldspati su djelomice alterirani u minerale glina, sericit i kalcit, dok je biotit kloritiziran i
sadrži igličaste agregate rutila i epidota kao posljedicu alteracije. U stijeni su prisutni pertit i
mirmekit. Mineralni sastav mafitnih enklava sličan je stijeni domaćinu granitu, ali sadrži
značajno manje K-feldspata, a puno više biotita, što uzrokuje tamnu boju enklava. Dodatno,
struktura mafitnih enklava je puno sitnozrnatija nego što je struktura granita. Na temelju
mineralnog sastava, strukture i teksture zaključeno je da istražene mafitne enklave
najvjerojatnije odgovaraju mikrogranitoidnom tipu enklava, magmatskog postanka, no za
precizniju odredbu potrebno je napraviti geokemijska istraživanja mafitnih enklava i granita
Analiza troškova proizvodnje vodika iz različitih izvora : završni rad
No full textVodik se smatra ključnim sredstvom za postizanje ugljične neutralnosti te poticanje cirkularne ekonomije. U završnom radu opisane su glavne četiri boje vodika i njihove pripadajuće metode proizvodnje. Analizirani su troškovi proizvodnje za svaku pojedinu metodu i promjena troškova ovisno o uporabi različite tehnologije pri proizvodnji. Osim glavnih metoda proizvodnje, analizirano je i vodikovo tržište te potencijal njegova razvoja
Development of seismic interpretation procedure based on seismic inversion for the Bjelovar depression reservoirs : doctoral dissertation
No full textIstraživačkim radom u okviru doktorske disertacije prikazan je metodološki pristup karakterizaciji ležišta ugljikovodika na temelju kvantitativne analize seizmičkih, bušotinskih i proizvodnih podataka. Predloženom metodologijom dobivaju se pouzdani podaci potrebni u postupku seizmičke karakterizacije ležišta koja će omogućiti procjenu prostorne raspodjele značajki ležišta kao što su poroznost i litološki sastav stijena. Metodologija je primijenjena na ležištima u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonskog bazenskog sustava, točnije u Bjelovarskoj depresiji. Predmet istraživanja su vapnenačko ležište na plinskom polju Grubišno Polje i pješčenjačko ležište na naftnom polju Letičani. Za detaljnu seizmičku karakterizaciju ležišta od temeljnog značaja su brzine S-valova jer se interpretacija temelji na omjeru brzina Vp/Vs, impedanciji i Poissonovom koeficijentu. No, nedostatak mjerenih brzina smičnih valova tijekom istraživačkog bušenja iznjedrio je potrebu za definiranjem postupka modeliranja brzina. Predviđanje brzina Vs u bušotinama koje nemaju iste snimljene, velik je izazov i zahtijeva dodatan angažman. U plinskom ležištu Grubišnog Polja brzine Vs određene su pomoću modela Kuster-Toksöz i Xu-Payne, a u naftnom ležištu polja Letičani brzine Vs određene su empirijskim odnosom Greenberg-Castagna te su dobiveni pouzdani ulazni podaci za seizmičko modeliranje i seizmičku inverziju. S ciljem definiranja elastičnih svojstava vapnenaca na polju Grubišno Polje izvedena su laboratorijska mjerenja ultrazvučnih brzina za različita zasićenja uzoraka i naprezanja. Ona su po prvi put napravljena za ležišne stijena u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonskog bazenskog sustava. Na temelju rezultata u laboratorijskim uvjetima definiran je empirijski odnos brzina smičnih valova (Vs) i brzina kompresijskih valova (Vp). Glavni cilj je seizmičkom inverzijom rekonstruirati geološku građu podzemlja na temelju seizmičkih mjerenja. Postoje dvije vrste inverzije, deterministička i stohastička. Inverzijom su uspješno izdvojeni fizikalni parametri koji imaju i geološko značenje, a primijenjena su obje inverzije. U ovom radu prikazana je metodologija različitih seizmičkih inverzija i Poissonove impedancije. Analizom rezultata inverzije definirana je distribucija elastičnih parametara u prostoru, a time i kvalitete ležišnih stijena. Dijelovi ležišta s najboljim kolektorskim svojstvima izdvojeni su na temelju nižih vrijednosti impedancija i omjera Vp/Vs. Predstavljena metodologija seizmičke interpretacije djelomično iscrpljenih naftnih i plinskih polja daje novi znanstveni doprinos jer podaci brzina smičnih valova u procesu IV seizmičke inverzije nisu korišteni u dosad primjenjivanim metodama. Sveukupna analiza rezultata seizmičkih inverzija ponajviše je doprinijela u razumijevanju ležišta vapnenaca i pješčenjaka u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonskog bazenskog sustava. Najveći znanstveni doprinos predstavljaju definirani empirijski odnosi brzina smičnih valova (Vs) i brzina kompresijskih valova (Vp) te empirijski odnos poroznosti i brzina. Ovi rezultati predstavljaju prvi empirijski odnos za vapnence u jugozapadnom dijelu Panonskog bazenskog sustava.The studied oil and gas field are located in the northern part of Croatia. More specifically, in the Bjelovar depression of the Pannonian Basin. The geological development is closely connected with the complex geological history of the southern part of the Pannonian Basin, more precisely to the North Croatian Basin during the Neogene and Quaternary. Bjelovar depression presents a separate geotectonic unit formed by the main transcurrent fault system, together with other accompanying fault systems transverse or diagonal to the direction of the central Drava fault. It was formed in the Early Miocene syn-rift phase linked to regional extension tectonic phase which generated several rift-type depressions in North Croatian Basin The dissertation presents a methodological approach to the characterization of hydrocarbon reservoirs. It is based on the advanced methods of processing and interpretation of geophysical data. Hydrocarbon reservoir characterization refers to the quantitative analyzes of seismic, wellbore, and production data that contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of reservoir characteristics such as porosity, lithology, and structural features. Different geophysical and laboratory methods are presented with the aim of integrating the available geological, laboratory and petrophysical data required for a better interpretation of seismic data. The seismic interpretation was performed on 3D seismic data in time domain and it was controlled on depth migrated 3D seismic data. The analysis of seismic attributes verified the interpreted structural setting. Attributes used in the interpretation belong to the group of physical attributes (RMS amplitude, instantaneous frequency, sweetness) and to the group of geometric attributes (variance). Shear wave velocities are fundamental for detailed seismic characterization of the reservoir because the interpretation is based on the velocity ratio Vp/Vs, impedance and Poisson's ratio. This dissertation presents the procedure for predicting Vs in wells without recorded Vs. Predicting Vs is a great challenge and requires a lot of effort to provide reliable input for seismic modeling and seismic inversion. In the Grubišno Polje gas reservoir, Vs velocities were determined using the Kuster-Toksöz and Xu-Payne models, and in the Letičani oil reservoir, Vs velocities were determined by the Greenberg-Castagna empirical relationship. VI To define the elastic properties of limestone, the laboratory measurements of ultrasonic velocities under different saturation conditions, were made for the first time for a hydrocarbon reservoir in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin. The empirical relationship between shear wave velocities (Vs) and compressional wave velocities (Vp) was defined based on the laboratory results. The results of the laboratory measurements of ultrasonic velocities indicate that the porosity and density have the main influence on velocities, while the influence of calcite or dolomite is less significant. In the seismic inversion process geological settings are reconstructed based on seismic data. Inversion seeks to define the physical parameters that also have geological meaning. In this dissertation, the methodology of the different seismic inversions and Poisson impedance is presented. Inversion results define the distribution of elastic parameters and the quality of reservoir rocks. The seismic inversion results obtained by the different methods show a similar range of the impedance values and Vp/Vs ratios for the same lithologies. The stochastic inversion shows results with a better vertical and lateral resolution that enable better integration with the well data, which is especially visible in the results of the Letičani field. The main scientific contribution of this research is to establish the optimal methodology for seismic interpretation of partially depleted oil and gas fields using shear wave velocity data in seismic inversion. The parameters of the reservoir quality are defined using elastic properties of the reservoir, like Poisson's ratio, the shear modulus and the volume modulus for the first time, which was not used in the previous methods. The results of the ultrasonic laboratory measurements on the limestone samples under the different effective stresses and saturation states enable the analysis of the elastic properties of limestones and the definition of the pore space, i.e. shape and pore connection. The most important scientific contributions of this thesis include establishing empirical relationships of shear wave velocities (Vs) and compression wave velocities (Vp), together with the empirical relationship of porosity and velocities. Throughout, this work determines the first empirical relationship for limestone in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin
Depositional environments and subsurface settings of the Lower Miocene sediments in the Slavonia-Srijem, Drava and Sava Depressions : doctoral dissertation
No full textCilj ovog doktorskog istraživanja bio je proširenje postojećih spoznaja o mehanizmima taloženja donjomiocenskih naslaga formacije Moslavačka Gora u Dravskoj depresiji, formacije Vukovarske u Slavonsko-srijemskoj depresiji te formacije Prečec u Savskoj depresiji. Korelacijom te kartiranjem tih taložina omogućeno je određivanje njihovog bočnog i okomitog prostiranja. Opisane su metode postavljanja granice donji – srednji miocen u analiziranim prostorima te su konstruirani paleogeografski modeli koji pojašnjavaju taloženje tih naslaga. U prvoj fazi istraživanja tijekom kabinetskog rada prikupljeni su svi dostupni podatci o jezgrama te analitički podatci koji se odnose na petrološke, mikropaleontološke i palinološke odredbe uzoraka iz jezgara i/ili sa sita. Nakon toga su tijekom terenskog rada u skladištu jezgara Mramor Brdo jezgre pregledane makroskopski te su analizirane i opisane teksturno-strukturne značajke kao što su veličina i oblik zrna, zaobljenost, sortiranost, odnos zrna i veziva, boja, struktura, slojevitost, laminacija, deformacijske strukture, okomite promjene litofacijesa te dijagenetske promjene. Opisana su obilježja jezgrovanih intervala na ukupno 56 bušotina, pri čemu je najveći broj, tj. 41 bušotina, iz Dravske depresije, sedam bušotina iz Slavonsko-srijemske te osam bušotina iz Savske depresije. Litofacijesna analiza jezgara omogućila je izdvajanje ukupno 12 litofacijesa, od čega je devet klastičnih i to: litofacijes klastima potpornih breča (Bc), litofacijes matriksom potpornih breča (Bmm), litofacijes matriksom potpornih konglomerata (Gmm), litofacijes klastima potpornih konglomerata (Gc), litofacijes masivnih klastima potpornih konglomerata (Gmc) sa slatkovodnim mikrofosilima, litofacijes laminiranih pješčenjaka (Sl), litofacijes masivnih pješčenjaka (Sm), litofacijes masivnih hematitiziranih muljnjaka do siltita (Fm), litofacijes laminiranih lapora (F), litofacijes laminiranih dolomita, anhidrita i pelita (D) te piroklastične i efuzivne stijene. Odredbe litofacijesa, petrografske analize izbrusaka iz jezgara te karotažne krivulje prirodne radioaktivnosti (GR), otpornosti (R) i gustoće (DEN) korišteni su kako bi se načinili litološki stupovi i korelacijski profili bušotina. Litofacijesi su razvrstani u kontinentalne taložne okoliše aluvijalnih lepeza, prepletenih rijeka, hidrološki zatvorenih (salina) jezera te hidrološki otvorenog jezera. Za interpretirane okoliše je pretpostavljeno da su nastali tijekom ranog miocena te ranog badena, a prekriveni su morskim naslagama Paratetisa. Opisani su novi članovi koji se odnose na kontinentalne okoliše, budući da rezultati ovog istraživanja upućuju na zaključak kako su članovi Mosti i Ćeralije nedostatni za potpuni opis slijeda sinriftnih naslaga. Takvi novi članovi obuhvaćaju: naslage aluvijalnih lepeza i 2 prepletenih rijeka (član Drava), evaporitne salina naslage (član Gabajeva Greda), donjomiocenske piroklastične naslage (tuf Bakić) te donjobadenske jezerske naslage (član Orešac). Utvrđeno je da su donjomiocenski litofacijesi najraznovrsniji u Dravskoj depresiji, a zajedničko svim trima depresijama je razvoj aluvijalnih okoliša u uvjetima semiaridne klime u vrijeme otnanga i karpata. Uz tektoniku i vulkanizam, utjecaj klime na taloženje tijekom ranog miocena vrlo je značajan i ogleda se u njezinom utjecaju na intenzitet erozije i rezultirajućem prinosu sedimenta koji je zapunjavao bazen. Tako primjerice smanjena precipitacija u uvjetima semiaridne klime uvjetuje slab razvoj vegetacije koja bi mogla usporiti eroziju, što pogoduje rijetkim, ali intenzivnim poplavama te razvoju sustava aridnih aluvijalnih lepeza i prepletenih rijeka. Tijekom korelacije bušotina najprije su definirane diskordancije na karotažnim krivuljama, a potom su analizirane promjene u oblicima i otklonima pojedinih krivulja. Time se dobio uvid u debljinu i bočnu rasprostranjenost litoloških jedinica. Najveći broj dostupnih bušotinskih i seizmičkih podataka bio je u istraženom prostoru Dravske depresije, gdje su povezani bušotinski podatci sa interpretacijom 2D i 3D refleksijske seizmike u svrhu opisa razvoja pojedinih taložnih okoliša. Na taj način je omogućena vremenska rekonstrukcija zbivanja tijekom ranog miocena. Temeljem strukturne analize interpretiran je tektonski razvoj istraživanog prostora tijekom donjeg i srednjeg miocena. Načinjene su strukturne karte po podini panonskih naslaga (Rs7), po krovini donjomiocenskih naslaga (d) te karta debljina donjomiocenskih naslaga. Istraženi prostor ima obilježja asimetričnog rifta, tj. tektonske polugrabe omeđene na JZ strani normalnim, glavnim rubnim Dravskim rasjedom, a na SI nizom normalnih rasjeda, znatno plićih i kraćega pružanja. U istočnom, dubljem dijelu bazena, koji je ujedno i najdublji dio Dravske depresije, nalaze se jezerske klinoforme Gilbertove delte te dva paleovulkana i jedan razoreni vulkanski krater tipa maar. Kartiranjem krovine donjomiocenskih naslaga (d) utvrđeno je da se na seizmičkim profilima rubnih bazenskih prostora taj stratigrafski horizont može prepoznati kao onlap površina, odnosno kao površina na koju bočno naliježu donjobadenske jezerske i/ili morske taložine. Na karotažnim krivuljama to je vidljivo kao nagla promjena trendova koja upućuje na diskordanciju. Oni, posebno na krivulji GR-a, odražavaju cikluse pokrupnjavanja i positnjavanja koji se češće izmjenjuju u starijim dijelovima donjomiocenskih sukcesija, dok u gornjim dijelovima prevladavaju ciklusi positnjavanja prema gore. To upućuje na to kako su početni, intenzivni tektonski pokreti u ranom stadiju riftanja nastavljeni općenito stabilnijim uvjetima u bazenu uz snižavanje kopnenoga reljefa.The aim of this doctoral research was to expand the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of deposition of Lower Miocene deposits of the Moslavačka Gora Formation in the Drava Depression, the Vukovar Formation in the Slavonian-Srijem Depression and the Prečec Formation in the Sava Depression. By correlating and mapping these sediments, it was possible to determine their lateral and vertical distribution. Methods for setting the Lower - Middle Miocene boundary in the analyzed areas are described, and paleogeographic models are constructed that explain the deposition of these deposits. In the first phase of the research, during the cabinet work, all available well core data and analytical data related to petrological, micropaleontological and palynological analyses were collected. After that, during field work in the Mramor Brdo core repository, the cores were examined macroscopically and textural-structural features such as grain size and shape, roundness, sorting, color, structure, stratification, lamination, deformation structures, vertical lithofacies changes and diagenetic changes were analyzed and described. Sedimentological characteristics of the core intervals on a total of 56 wells are described, with the largest number, i.e., 41 wells, from the Drava Depression, 7 wells from Slavonia-Srijem and 8 wells from the Sava Depression. Lithofacies analyses revealed a total of 12 lithofacies, of which 9 were clastic: clast - supported breccias (Bc), matrix - supported breccias (Bmm), matrix - supported conglomerates (Gmm), massive clast - supporting conglomerates with freshwater microfossils (Gmc), laminated sandstones (Sl), massive sandstones (Sm), massive hematitized mudstones to siltstones (Fm), laminated dolomite, anhydrite and pelitic rocks (D) and pyroclastic and effusive rocks. Lithofacies determinations, petrographic analyses and log curves of natural radioactivity (GR), resistance (R) and density (DEN) were used to make lithological columns and well correlation profiles. Lithofacies are classified into continental sedimentary environments of alluvial fans, braided rivers, hydrologically closed (salina) lakes and hydrologically open lake. The 4 interpreted environments are assumed to have formed during the early Miocene and are covered by marine deposits of Paratethys. The new lithostratigraphic members related to continental environments have been described, as the results of this research suggest that the Mosti and Ćeralije Members are insufficient to fully describe the sequence of syn-rift deposits. These new Lower Miocene members include alluvial fan deposits and braided rivers (Drava Member), evaporite salina deposits (Gabajeva Greda Member), lake deposits (Orešac Member) and pyroclastic deposits (Bakić tuff). It has been determined that the Lower Miocene lithofacies are the most diverse in the Drava Depression, and common to all three depressions is the development of alluvial environments in the conditions of the semiarid climate during the Ottnangian and Carpathian. In addition to tectonics and volcanism, the influence of climate on sedimentation during the early Miocene is very significant and is reflected in its influence on the intensity of erosion and the resulting yield of sediment that filled the basin. Thus, for example, reduced precipitation in a semiarid climate condition causes poor vegetation development that could slow down erosion, which favors rare but intense floods and the development of arid alluvial fan systems and braided rivers. During the well correlation, unconformities were defined on log curves, then changes in the shapes and deflections of individual curves were analyzed. This gave an insight into the thickness and lateral distribution of lithological units. The largest number of available well and seismic data was in the investigated area of the Drava Depression, where well data were associated with the interpretation of 2D and 3D reflection seismic in order to describe the development of individual sedimentary environments. This approach enabled a reconstruction of events during the early Miocene. Based on the structural analysis of seismic data, the tectonic development of the investigated area during the Lower and Middle Miocene was interpreted. The structural maps of the base of Pannonian (Rs7), top of the Lower Miocene sediments (d) and thickness map of the Lower Miocene are interpolated. It is concluded that the investigated area has the characteristics of an asymmetric rift, i.e., tectonic half-graben bounded on the SW side by the normal Drava fault, and on the NE by a series of much shallower and shorter normal faults. In the eastern, deeper part of the basin, which is also the deepest part of the Drava Depression, main features are lake clinoforms of the Gilbert delta, two paleovolcanoes and one destroyed volcanic crater of the maar type. Mapping of the top of the Lower Miocene sediments (d) revealed that this surface represents onlap - surface overlain by Lower Badenian lake and/or marine deposits, that is visible on seismic sections of the marginal basin parts. On the log curves this surface is visible as an abrupt change in trends indicating unconformity. Log curve trends and patterns, especially on the GR curve, reflect the coarsening and fining upward cycles that alternate more frequently in the older parts of the Lower Miocene successions, while in the upper parts fining upward cycles predominate. This suggests that initial, intense tectonic movements in the early rifting stage continued with generally more stable conditions in the basin with a decrease in land relief
Upper Albian carbonate facies and diagenesis in the Western Istrian Anticline (WIA), Croatia
No full textRegional unconformities and events in the shallow-marine carbonate successions of the Western Istrian Anticline (WIA) in the NW part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) (Vlahović et al. 2005) were studied within the WIAnLab project. Although shallow marine carbonate deposits predominated on the AdCP during the Albian, as it did most of the time during the Mesozoic, when the AdCP migrated and developed in the Tethyan Ocean, occasional emergences occurred (Durn et al. 2003). The Upper Albian deposits have documented facies shift from shallow-marine limestone with predominant benthic foraminiferal communities (including Pseudonummoloculina heimi (BONET), Nezzazata sp., Cuneolina sp.) to nearly terrestrial and lagoonal environments (with Charophyta and ostracods). Their characteristics and facies architecture indicate the influence of processes that occurred in variable depositional and diagenetic environments. Silicified limestones and diagenetic quartz-rich sediments accompanied by dolomites and clays have been documented. Worldwide data on silicification of continental and near-terrestrial carbonates are generally sparser than in marine environments (Bustillo 2010). Important clues to the Late Albian paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, and provenance have been obtained from these deposits associated with Western Istrian Anticline, an ideal natural laboratory for studying regional unconformities in carbonate rocks
Determination of hardness of commercial blocks of architectural-building stone : master's thesis
No full textArhitektonsko-građevni kamen vrlo je vrijedna mineralna sirovina koja se eksploatira na području Republike Hrvatske, a Kamen d.d. najveća je tvrtka u državi koja je svoje gospodarsko poslovanje vezala uz tu mineralnu sirovinu. Susretljivošću uprave i zaposlenika Kamen d.d. bilo je moguće obaviti ispitivanja Schmidtove tvrdoće na komercijalnim blokovima arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena na eksploatacijskom polju Kanfanar-jug. Schmidtov čekić pokazao se kao odličan instrument za ispitivanje na terenu zbog njegovih dimenzija, jednostavnosti korištenja, pouzdanosti te načina prikupljanja i obrade podataka.Dimension stone is a very valuable mineral resource that is exploited in the territory of the Republic of Croatia and Kamen d.d. is the largest company in the country that has tied its economic operations to this raw material. With the friendliness of the management and employees of Kamen d.d. it was possible to perform Schmidt hardness tests on commercial blocks of dimension stone at the Kanfanar-South exploitation field. The Schmidt hammer has proven to be an excellent instrument for field testing due to its dimensions, ease of use, reliability, data collection and processing methods
Parametri procjene nekonvencionalnih ležišta u EU : završni rad
No full textPorastom potrošnje energenata kao i nastojanje svake pojedine države za neovisnošću
po pitanju istih dovodi do sve većeg fokusa na istraživanje i eksploataciju ugljikovodika iz
nekonvencionalnih ležišta. U radu su pobliže opisani tehnološki procesi za pridobivanje
takvih ugljikovodika, parametri koji se procjenjuju prilikom izvođenja takvih radova te
utjecaj na okoliš kojim su ovakvi radovi u nekim državama prepoznati kao ekološka
prijetnja