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Utjecajni čimbenici pri piljenju arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena dijamantnom žičnom pilom : završni rad
No full textDijamantna žična pila neizostavni je stroj na bilo kojem eksploatacijskom polju arhitektonskograđevnog kamena. Poznavajući utjecajne čimbenike pile, dodatno se ubrzava i unaprjeđuje bilo koji kop. Utjecajne čimbenike pri piljenju arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena predstavljaju fizikalno-mehanička svojstva stijene koju se pili, karakteristike stroja i konstrukcija dijamantne žice. U ovom radu usporedit će se već poznate učinkovitosti dijamantne žične pile na kamenolomu Zečevo s izmjerenom učinkovitošću pile na
eksploatacijskom polju BAG
Primjena geotehničkog inženjerstva kod sanacije onečišćenih lokacija - studija slučaja : završni rad
No full textTijekom stoljetne industrijske tradicije na području gradske četvrti Crnica u Šibeniku postojale su tvornice karbida i umjetnih gnojiva, vapnara, proizvodnje feromangana i silikomangana te proizvodnje elektroda i ferolegura. Nakon zatvaranja tvornice postupak sanacije obuhvaćao je: rušenja građevnih objekata, zbrinjavanje opasnog i neopasnog otpada i sanaciju kontaminiranog tla na lokaciji te zbrinjavanje troske. Sanacija područja bivše tvornice nikada nije obavljena u cijelosti, jer je troska samo većim dijelom premještena na zemljište u Biljane Donje. Samo je dio silikomanganske troske ispitan radi eventualne uporabe u proizvodnji betona i asfalta. Gradska plaža Banj, na području bivše tvornice, otvorena je 17. lipnja 2012. godine, nakon što se ispitivanjima pokazalo da je područje sigurno za takvu namjenu. Naknadno je izrađen projekt Batižele koji bi trebao omogućiti Šibeniku potpunu sanaciju prostora bivše tvornice te njegovu svrhovitu prenamjenu s obzirom da se radi o prostoru u neposrednoj blizini centra grada. U radu su kronološki prikazana provedena istraživanja i prijedlozi sanacije s kritičkim osvrtom na provedene postupke i prijedlozima za poboljšanje
Techno-economic analysis of decarbonization of the heating system of multi-residential buildings using the FeFlow and RES2GEO models : master's thesis
No full textKako bi se smanjile klimatske promjene na koje utječu emisije štetnih plinova koji nastaju proizvodnjom električne i toplinske energije, popularnost obnovljivih izvora energije raste. Sve veća potreba za korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije te težnja izgradnji stambenih objekata nulte energije dovela je do potrebe za korištenjem geotermalne energije pomoću dizalica topline u kombinaciji sa solarnim elektranama što će biti i obrađeno u ovom radu. Geotermalne dizalice topline koriste se u domovima za hlađenje i grijanje prostorija bez štetnih utjecaja na okoliš. Kako bi dizalice topline radile, potrebno im je dovesti električnu energiju koja nekada ne dolazi iz čistih izvora, odnosno obnovljivih izvora energije. Stoga se smatra da nisu u potpunosti obnovljivi izvor energije. Potrebno je poznavati hidrogeološke parametre te arhitektonsko oblikovanje stambenog prostora kako bi se sustav mogao optimizirati, odnosno da se na što kvalitetniji način poveća koeficijent učinkovitosti dizalica topline. Za proračun slučajeva u ovom radu korišteni su program FeFlow i model RES2GEO koji su pokrenuti pomoću programskog jezika Python. Osim tehnološke analize, obrađena je i ekonomska analiza kako bi se utvrdila isplativost projekta.There is an increase in popularity of sources of renewable energy, fueled by the need to reduce emissions of harmful gases as a byproduct of the use of electricity and heating. The growing need for renewable energy sources, along with a proclivity for building zero-energy houses, has given rise to the use of heat pumps in addition to solar power arrays, and this new trend will be the topic of this thesis. The use of ground source heat pumps for indoor cooling and heating does not have any harmful environmental effects. To function, these heat pumps need electricity, which does not always come from clean or renewable energy sources, which in turn means they are not considered fully renewable energy sources. To optimize the heat pumps, and maximize their efficiency coefficient, the hydrogeological parameters and architectural design of the living space should be considered. The computations of the individual cases in this thesis are done using the FeFlow and RES2GEO models, in the Python programming language. The technological analysis will be followed by a financial analysis to determine the cost-effectiveness of the project
Utjecaj Akta o kritičnim mineralnim sirovinama na područje Adria zemalja
No full textSince 2011, one of the major concerns of the European Commission is a sustainable supply of the raw materials critical for maintenance and development of the European industries (Ref 1). Among 28 critical raw materials listed by the European Commission Communication in 2020 (Ref 2), the ADRIA region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) hosts significant primary geological potential of antimony, barite, borate, lithium, magnesium and to some extent titanium, Rare Earth Elements (REE) and graphite. BOROJEVIĆ ŠOŠTARIĆ et al. (2022) indicated the major strengths of the regional mineral sector: favourable geological setting hosting significant mineral potential and reserves, a long mining tradition, numerous exploration targets, high exploration budget (Fig. 1), as well as the availability of extraction of the secondary raw materials. However, authors also found many challenges that the mineral sector faces, including lack of regional exploration campaigns, international codes and standards in resource estimation, as well as regulations related to environmental issues that do not comply with European legislation. New CRM Act (Ref 3) aim to strengthen the different stages of the European critical raw materials value chain. The implementation of the Act at the national member states level will include monitoring, data collection, guidelines development and coordination of the general exploration programmes; strategic national Raw Materials projects; permitting processes, Raw Materials related companies risk preparedness; specifying which end-of-life products and waste streams contain relevant amounts of critical raw materials; customs codes and recycling content for products incorporating permanent magnets; and the calculation and verification rules and performance classes for the environmental footprint. The implementation of the CRM Act to the West Balkan candidate countries is expected to follow their negotiation and harmonization process. Therefore, actions and measures proposed by the CRM Act such as National exploration programmes for general exploration targeted at critical raw materials including deep ore deposits, mineral mapping, geochemical campaigns, geophysical surveys, data processing, development of predictive maps, reprocessing of existing geoscientific survey data and development of database with Strategic national Raw Materials projects should be taken as serious steps in further development of the Adria region’s mineral sector in a sustainable manner
CO2 capture and geological storage projects from the aspect of migration risk assessment : master's thesis
No full textKao učinkovite mjere ublažavanja klimatskih promjena, ističu se projekti kaptiranja i skladištenja ugljikovog dioksida (CCS) i projekti kaptiranja, korištenja i skladištenja ugljikovog dioksida (CCUS), koji s povećavanjem tržišne cijene CO2 postaju sve prihvatljivije rješenje. Pravni okvir za regulaciju aktivnosti geološkog skladištenja CO2 u EU-u je Direktiva 2009/31/EZ, koja je prenesena u nacionalno zakonodavstvo svake države članice. Pouzdanost geoloških skladišta predstavlja kritičan element kod mogućnosti realizacije CCS i CCUS projekata, a temelji se na sveobuhvatnoj procjeni rizika. Procjena rizika provodi se kroz: karakterizaciju opasnosti, procjenu izloženosti, procjenu učinaka, te karakterizaciju rizika. Karakterizacija opasnosti uključuje sagledavanje svih komponenata sustava koje predstavljaju potencijalne puteve migracije CO2. Izloženosti CO2 definirana je okolišem u koji je plin migrirao dok se procjena učinaka migriranog plina utvrđuje prema osjetljivosti pojedinih staništa. Karakterizacija rizika predstavlja alat koji se koristi kod definiranja kratkoročnog i dugoročnog integriteta skladišta i daje opis rješenja za smanjenje rizika. U svrhu analize rizika istjecanja CO2 iz geoloških formacija, u radu su definirani mogući putevi migracije CO2 kao glavne opasnosti koje mogu dovesti do njegova istjecanja. Dan je pregled metoda koje se koriste kod karakterizacije rizika, a na primjeru analize rizika za projekte Otway u Australiji i In Salah u Alžiru prikazana je i analizirana njihova primjenjivost.Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects are effective climate change mitigation measures that are increasingly acceptable solutions as the market price of CO2 rises. The legal framework for regulating CO2 geological storage activities in the EU is Directive 2009/31/ EC, which has been transposed into the national legislation of each member state. As defined by the Directive, the reliability of geological storage is a crucial element for the possibility to implement CCS and CCUS projects and is based on a comprehensive risk assessment. The risk assessment is carried out through: Hazard Characterization, Exposure Assessment, Impact Assessment, and Risk Characterization. Hazard characterization includes consideration of all system components that represent potential pathways for CO2 migration. Exposure to CO2 is defined by the environment to which the gas has migrated, while assessment of the impact of the migrated gas is determined by the sensitivity of each habitat. Risk characterization is a tool for defining the short- and long-term integrity of the repository and provides a description of risk mitigation solutions for the analysis of the risk of CO2 leakage from geological formations, the paper defines possible migration pathways as the main hazards that may lead to leakage. An overview of the methods used in risk characterization is provided, and their applicability is presented and analyzed on the examples of risk analysis for the Otway in Australia and In Salah in Algeria projects
Reducing the occurrence of major accidents related to offshore exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons : master's thesis
No full textKao odgovor na veliku nesreću koja se dogodila u Meksičkom zaljevu 2010. godine, Europski parlament i Vijeće donijeli su Direktivu 2013/30/EU o sigurnosti odobalnih naftnih i plinskih djelatnosti. Direktiva 2013/30/EU je prenesena u pravni sustav Republike Hrvatske putem Zakona o sigurnosti pri odobalnom istraživanju i eksploataciji ugljikovodika NN 78/15, 50/20. Sukladno zakonskoj regulativi, svako odobalno postrojenje mora imati izrađeno Izvješće o velikim opasnostima, prihvaćeno od strane nadležnog tijela, kao dokaz da su utvrđene velike opasnosti, da je procijenjena njihova vjerojatnost i posljedice te da su mjere nadzora tih opasnosti prikladne kako bi se rizik od nesreća smanjio na prihvatljivu razinu. U ovom radu predstavljeni su svi važni dokumenti koje operator ili vlasnik odobalnog postrojenja izrađuje u svrhu usklađivanja sa zakonskom regulativom na području sprječavanja velikih nesreća, s posebnim naglaskom na najvažniji dokument, Izvješće o velikim opasnostima. Predstavljene su metode procjene rizika koje se mogu primijeniti kod izrade Izvješća o velikim opasnostima, kao i opis kontrolnih mjera za svođenje rizika od pojave velikih nesreća na odobalnim eksploatacijskim objektima na prihvatljivu razinu. Europska komisija objavljuje Godišnja izvješća o stanju sigurnosti u europskim vodama. Analizom podataka iz godišnjih Izvješća, procijenjen je doprinos nove zakonske regulative u postizanju veće sigurnosti pri odobalnom istraživanju i eksploataciji ugljikovodika.In response to the major accident that has occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, the European Parliament and the Council adopted the Directive 2013/30/EU on the safety of offshore oil and gas activities. The Directive 2013/30/EU was transposed into the legal system of the Republic of Croatia by the Act on Safety in Offshore Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons OG 78/15, 50/20. According to the legislation, a Report on Major Hazard accepted by the competent authority must be prepared for each offshore installation, demonstrating that the main hazards have been identified, that their likelihood and consequences have been assessed, and that the control measures for these hazards are adequate to reduce the risk of accidents to an acceptable level. This thesis presents all the main documents prepared by the offshore operator or owner for the purpose of harmonization with the legislation in the field of major accident prevention, focusing on the most important document, the Report on Major Hazards. The thesis presents the risk assessment methods that can be used in the preparation of the hazard report, as well as the description of control measures used to reduce the risk of major accidents in offshore installations to an acceptable level. The European Commission publishes the Annual Reports on the Safety of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations in the EU. By analyzing the data from the annual reports, the contribution of the new legislation to increased safety in offshore hydrocarbon exploration and production was assessed
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of wider Vinkovci area : master's thesis
No full textTema diplomskog rada bila je određivanje izotopnog sastava i hidrogeokemijskih značajki podzemne vode na širem vinkovačkom području. Vinkovački vodovod i kanalizacija d.o.o. ustupio je podatke o kemijskim parametrima te uzorcima stabilnih izotopa vodika i kisika u rijeci Savi i podzemnoj vodi, iz deset zdenaca. Uzorkovanja su vršena jednom mjesečno, u razdoblju od kolovoza 2020. do srpnja 2021. godine. U Laboratoriju za spektroskopiju na Rudarsko-geološko-naftnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu izmjereni su stabilni izotopi vodika i kisika te su uspoređeni s izotopnim sastavom oborina Zagreba i Ljubljane. Zaključeno je kako podzemna voda nije u izravnom kontaktu s oborinom. Piperovim dijagramima određen je hidrogeokemijski facijes na svakom crpilištu. Za podzemnu vodu u osam zdenaca određen je CaMg-HCO3 hidrogeokemijski facijes, dok je za podzemnu vodu na lokacijama preostala dva zdenca određen Na-HCO3 hidrogeokemijski facijes. Klaster analizom zaključeno je kako postoji šest ili sedam različitih klastera na području istraživanja.The subject research of master's thesis was to determine isotopic composition and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in wider Vinkovci area. Vinkovci water supply and sewage network has provided data about chemical parameters and also sampled stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from the Sava river and groundwater from ten wells. Sampling was done monthly from august 2020 until july 2021. In the Laboratory for Spectroscopy at Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were measured and compared to isotopic composition of precipitation in Zagreb and Ljubljana. It has been concluded that the groundwater is not in direct contact with precipitation. Hydrogeochemical facies were determined using Piper plots. For the groundwater in eight wells CaMg-HCO3 hydrogeochemical facies has been determined, while for the groundwater in remaining two wells Na-HCO3 hydrogeochemical facies has been determined. Using cluster analysis, it has been concluded that there are six or seven different clusters at the research area
Reconstruction of fault architecture in the natural thermal spring area of Daruvar hydrothermal system using surface geophysical investigations (Croatia)
No full textThe sustainable utilization of geothermal energy mostly depends on the characteristics of the geothermal resource from which it is extracted. Among others, detailed geological modeling is a key factor for estimating the potential of a geothermal resource. This research focuses on the modeling and reconstruction of the geological setting of the Daruvar thermal spring area using geophysical techniques. An integrated geophysical approach based on electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and both active and passive seismic (MASW and HVSR) methods was used. Based on ERT results and the stratigraphic logs of the wells in Daruvar, three resistivity layers/geological units were identified. The deepest layer with resistivity < 150 Ωm is the Triassic carbonate that constitutes the thermal aquifer. Sharp lateral variations in the resistivity distributions within the bedrock were interpreted as fault damage zones saturated with thermal waters. Integrating the results of the seismic methods, the thickness of the first seismic layer that corresponds to the Quaternary cover was estimated from 5 to 20 m. Here, results of the geophysical investigations were combined into a 3D geological model highlighting the occurrence of subvertical N-S and E-W trending faults in the Daruvar spring area. The N-S-trending fault was interpreted as a fault plane parallel to the regionally mapped Daruvar fault. This fault juxtaposes the Triassic carbonate complex of the thermal aquifer with a Neogene sedimentary sequence of significantly lower permeability. Neogene–Quaternary tectonic activity further increased the fracturing and the permeability field in the Daruvar spring area, as proven by the smaller scale E-W faults and the well logs. This fracture network permits a quick upwelling of thermal fluids resulting in thermal springs with temperatures up to 50 °C. This work proves that the construction of a detailed geological model is crucial for assessing the reservoir and fault geometries in thermal systems hosted in fractured carbonate rocks
Enhancing carbon capture and storage deployment in the EU: a sectoral analysis of a ton-based incentive strategy
No full textThe EU considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology as an option for achieving climate goals, but its cost remains appreciable. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the implementation of a ton-based incentive system for CCS in the EU using Croatia as an example based on an analysis of the existing legislative framework in the EU and relevant tax credit provisions in the USA. A novel methodology for the design of the incentive system is presented in the form of partial allocation of the state’s auction revenues from the EU emissions trading system (ETS) into the CCS fund for five years. The CCS fund assets then incentivize the capture site for 10 years. The incentives are determined for each emitter in cement, electricity, paper and pulp, glass, oil refining, and petrochemical sectors based on varying European Union allowance (EUA) prices, CCS fund sizes, and CO2 emission scenarios. In addition to designing the methodology, a novel method for forecasting CO2 emissions is applied using geometric Brownian motion. The calculated incentives are categorized as underperforming, optimal, or overperforming, with upper and lower limits set to 80 and 10 EUR/t. The results are optimistic, since all sectors can be efficiently incentivized within the defined boundaries, meaning that the incentive system can be applied to all member states. The contracting of the incentives is proposed through carbon contracts for difference to avoid irregularities. Also, regulatory amendments are proposed so that emitters with emissions higher than 100 kt would have to consider CCS. Finally, the contributions are presented by proving the feasibility of the incentive system together with demonstrating its applicability to all member states
Progress in landslide research and technology, volume 2 issue 2, 2023
No full textThe Open Access book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) aims to be the common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technol-ogy for practical applications and the benefit of society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond for the global promotion of understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk as well as the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals. The contributions include original and review articles, case studies, activity reports and teaching tools for the promotion of understanding and reducing landslide disaster risks