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Influence of mineralogical composition on soil parameters and percolating water at the Jazbina site : master's thesis
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je određivanje utjecaja mineraloškog sastava na parametre i procjednu vodu u profilima pseudoglejnog tla na vinogradarskom području pokušališta Jazbina. Analizirali su se prikupljeni uzorci profila s vrha, sredine, i dna padine, te se u tri navrata s razmakom od mjesec dana uzorkovala procjedna voda iz lizimetara za potrebe kemijskih analiza. Na uzorcima tla izvedena su laboratorijska istraživanja rendgenske difrakcijske analize (XRD) originalne i glinovite frakcije uz dodatne tretmane, određivanje kapaciteta kationske zamjene (CEC) metodom Cu-trien, volumnog udjela čestica laserskom difrakcijom, snimanje obiju frakcija metodom prijenosne rendgenske fluorescencije (pXRF), ukupna koncentracija elemenata u tlu određenih induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-OES) i atomskom apsorpcijskom spektroskopijom (AAS), određivanje granulometrijskog sastava tla dobivenog metodom prosijavanja i sedimentacije, pH reakcije tla, električne vodljivosti (EC) te sadržaj udjela organskog humusa u tlu. Na uzorcima vode prikupljenim iz lizimetara analizirana je kemijska kakvoća procjedne vode (pH, EC, NH4+, NO3-,PO43-, Cl-, SO42-, K+, DOC, Cu, HCO3-, Na+, NO2-). Prema rezultatima analiza utvrdila se povezanost mineralnog sastava s CEC-om. Osim toga utvrđena je i povezanost mineralnog sastava s pojedinim elementima u tlu i procjednoj vodi. U uzorcima s višim CEC-om odnosno s većim udjelom minerala glina i Fe-oksida (goethita) koji su se nalazili u dubljim dijelovima izmjerene su više koncentracije kationa. Većina analiziranih elemenata i spojeva se akumulirala na dnu padine.The goal of this master's thesis was to determine the influence of the mineralogical composition on soil parameters and percolating water in profiles of pseudogley soil in Jazbina viticulture and winemaking experimental site. Samples from the top, middle, and bottom of the slope were analysed, and percolating water was sampled for chemical analysis from lysimeters three times with a one-month interval. Laboratory analysis of soil samples included X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the original and clay fractions with additional treatments, determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) using the Cu-trien method, determination of particle volume content by laser diffraction, imaging of both fractions using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), determination of the total element concentrations in soil determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), determination of soil particle size distribution obtained by sieving and sedimentation, determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and organic humus content in the soil. Laboratory analyses of the chemical quality of percolating water samples collected from lysimeters included pH, EC, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, SO42-, K+, DOC, Cu, HCO3-, Na+ and NO2-. Based on the analysis results, a connection was established between mineralogical composition and CEC. Additionally, a correlation was identified between the mineral composition and specific elements in the soil and percolating water. Higher concentrations of cations were measured in samples with higher CEC and with a higher content of clay minerals and iron oxides (goethite) found in deeper layers. Most of the analysed elements and compounds accumulated at the bottom of the slope
Deepening the scope of crushed stone reserves (diabase) in part of the open pit mine of the exploitation field "Žervanjska" : master's thesis
No full textLežište tehničko-građevnog kamena dijabaza „Žervanjska“ nalazi se na Papuku, u blizini Grada Orahovice u Virovitičko-podravskoj županiji. Cilj ovog rada bio je opisati geološke, rudarske i geofizičke istražne radove potrebne za utvrđivanje novih rezervi kvalitetnog dijabaza sjeverozapadnog dijela eksploatacijskog polja „Žervanjska“. U sklopu istražnih radova određene su pozicije i dubine novih istražnih bušotina, izvedene su istražne bušotine s jezgrovanjem, determinirana je i fotografirana jezgra bušotina te su odabrani uzorci za laboratorijska ispitivanja fizičko-mehaničkih svojstava, određivanja kemijskog sastava te mineraloškopetrografskih određivanja. Na eksploatacijskom polju izvršeno je geološko kartiranje i mjerenje orijentacije diskontinuiteta otkopnih fronti površinskog kopa. Stijensku masu ležišta „Žervanjska“ izgrađuju dva genetski i petrografski različita člana – dijabaz i semimetamorfiti „Radlovačke serije“. Pri tome je dijabaz vrlo kvalitetna mineralna sirovina tehničko-građevni kamen, dok se dio naslaga semimetamorfita „Radlovačke serije“, prvenstveno kompaktni metapješčenjaci, slabo metamorfozirani kvarcni areniti, metakonglomerati i bazalti mogu koristiti kao tehničko-građevni kamen nižih zahtjeva glede kakvoće. Ležište dijabaza „Žervanjska“ ima oblik izdužene grede generalnog pružanja SIJZ, utisnute unutar Radlovačkog semimetamorfnog kompleksa Profili bušotina, geološka karta i geološki profili izrađeni su u računalnom programu Autocad LT, a u izradi rada još su korišteni QGIS, Inkscape i Google Earth Pro. Kao rezultat istraživanja izrađena je geološka karta, geološki i proračunski profili i profili istražnih bušotina B-1/21 do B-4/21 ukupne dubine 187 m.The „Žervanjska“ crushed stone diabase deposit is located on Papuk, near the town of Orahovica in the Virovitičko-Podravska County. The aim of this Master Thesis was to describe geological, mining, and geophysical explorations necessary to determine new reserves of high-quality diabase in the northwestern part of the „Žervanjska“ exploitation field. As part of the exploration works, the positions and depths of new exploration wells were determined, exploratory wells with core samples were drilled, the core of the boreholes was determined and photographed. Samples were selected for laboratory tests of physicalmechanical properties, determination of chemical composition and mineralogical and petrographic characteristics. On the exploitation field, geological mapping and measurement of the orientation of the discontinuities of the excavation fronts of the open pit mine was carried out. The rock mass of the „Žervanjska“ deposit is made up of two genetically and petrographically different members - diabase and semimetamorphites of the „Radlovac series“. At the same time, diabase is a very high-quality building material, crushed stone, while part of the „Radlovac series“ semimetamorphite deposits, primarily compact metasandstones, poorly metamorphosed quartz arenites, metaconglomerates and basalts can be used as crushed stone with lower quality requirements. The „Žervanjska“ diabase deposit has the form of an elongated volcanic body with a general NE-SW trend, embedded within the Radlovac semimetamorphic complex. The borehole profiles, geological map and geological profiles were created in the computer program Autocad LT while QGIS, Inkscape and Google Earth Pro were also used in the creation of the work. As a result of the research, a geological map, geological profiles and profiles of exploration wells B-1/21 to B-4/21 with a total depth of 187 m were created
Correlation of the morphology of the pore system with laboratory special analyses : master's thesis
No full textKapilarni tlak je temeljni parametar u specijalnoj analizi jezgara jer daje informacije o ponašanju i raspodjeli fluida unutar ležišne stijene. U ovom radu, uspoređena su mjerenja kapilarnog tlaka provedena metodom centrifuge s krivuljama kapilarnog tlaka izračunatim pomoću analitičkih metoda CYDAR programa. Mjerenja kapilarnog tlaka u centrifugi uspoređena su s mjerenjima metodom polupropusne membrane a sve u svrhu usklađivanja i homogenizacije podataka dobivenih iz CT snimaka. CT snimke su ograničene svojom rezolucijom, a raspoloživi podaci su precizni do 1,5 mikrometara. Ustanovljeno je kako zbog prostornog rasporeda pora i grlića pora različitih veličina, distribucija veličine pora iz laboratorijskih eksperimenata nije jednaka onoj koja se dobije analizom CT snimke. Stoga se zaključno može ustanoviti kako su za izradu kvalitetnog digitalnog modela stijene potrebne sustavne laboratorijske analize i integrirani pristup u kojem se uzimaju u obzir prednosti i mane svake metode analize.Capillary pressure is a fundamental parameter in special core analysis because it provides information on the behavior and distribution of fluids within the reservoir rock. In this thesis, capillary pressure measurements performed using the centrifuge method were compared with capillary pressure curves calculated using the analytical methods of the CYDAR program. Capillary pressure measurements in the centrifuge were compared with measurements using the porous plate method, all for the purpose of harmonizing and homogenizing data obtained from CT scans. CT scans are limited by their resolution, and the available data is accurate to 1.5 micrometers. It was found that due to the spatial distribution of pores and pore throats of different sizes, the pore size distribution from laboratory experiments is not the same as that obtained from the analysis of CT scans. Therefore, it can be concluded that systemic laboratory analyzes and an integrated approach are necessary to create a high-quality digital rock model, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each analysis method
Mjerenje koncetracije radona u zraku tla i izvorskoj vodi u okolici mjesta Križ Hrastovački : završni rad
No full textCilj rada je mjerenje koncentracije radona u zraku tla i vodi u blizini mjesta Križ Hrastovački. Prikazane su osnovne geološke karakteristike područja, teoretske osnove mjerenja koncentracije radona te njegovog utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje. Naposljetku, izneseni su rezultati mjerenja koncentracije radona u zraku tla i vodi gdje je razvidno da vrijednosti u tlu imaju vrijednost srednjeg radon indeksa, a one u vodi su u dozvoljenim granicama. Prikazana su opetovana mjerenja radona u vodi s vremenskim odmakom od vremena uzorkovanja kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj njegovog poluraspada na mjerenja od vremena uzorkovanja na terenu
Saturation influence on reduction of compressive strength for carbonate dimension stone in Croatia
No full textDimension stone is a valuable mineral raw material whose importance is increasing worldwide. According to its mineralogical and petrographical composition, Croatian dimension stone belongs to the carbonates, primarily limestones. As saturation influences the reduction of compressive strength, in this study, the relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength in the dry and saturated states is shown, which has a coefficient of determination of 0.9605. Models were created to estimate the compressive strength based on the values of water absorption, total porosity, and real density of the material from 26 sites, all determined according to the European standards EN 1936:2006 and EN 13755:2008. Thirty varieties of dimension stones were tested, and 150 values were collected from different tests. A dependence between the uniaxial compressive strength in the saturated state was established, including the explanation in which cases the correlation can be used to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of carbonate dimension stones with a remarkably high degree of confidence (0.994 and 0.9374). In addition, the limitations of geomechanical estimation of the uniaxial compressive strength of rock material and its unsuitability for estimating of dimension stones construction are described
Pseudofurnishius (Conodonta) from the Triassic Drežnica section, Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textTriassic strata in the Drežnica section, Bosnia and Herzegovina have been examined biostratigraphically. The limestone and dolostone strata were deposited in deep pelagic environment. The conodont faunas are marked by prevailing elements of the genus Pseudofurnishius including clusters that enabled to distinguish the huddlei (lower Longobardian) and murcianus (upper Longobardian–?Cordevolian) Zones, the later fauna is characterized by the presence of Budurovignathus with rare representation of Gladigondolella and Paragondolella. This is the first report on recovery of Pseudofurnishius in the region
Tectonostratigraphic analysis of the syn-rift infill in the Drava Basin, southwestern Pannonian Basin System
No full textThe Drava Basin in the SW Pannonian Basin System (PBS) was initially formed by passive rifting with accompanying sedimentary infill. Although this has been the subject of much previous work, an account of tectonic control has been lacking. Based on cores, wire logging, and seismic data, the tectonostratigraphic interpretation, depositional systems, and control on depositional systems of the syn-rift infill of the eastern part of the Drava Basin were studied. The rifting phase is characterised by the formation of half-grabens, grabens, a sag, and supradetachment basin structures with structural ramp and structural highs. The syn-rift infill can be divided into second-order tectonostratigraphic sequences corresponding to the early and late rift stages. The second-order sequences are further subdivided into third-order tectonostratigraphic sequences formed in response to higher-order tectonic events associated with local rift migration. In contrast to the early-stage structures, the latestage rift structures are primarily controlled by extensional detachments that represent parts of the Drava Rift Fault System (DRFS). The early syn-rift is characterised by continental deposition through alluvial fans, fan deltas, and lacustrine environments. The late syn-rift stage is characterised by marine deposition in shallow water, fan deltas, and submarine slope-aprons, with deep marine sedimentation and intense volcanic activity. The ramp, basin slopes, and fault scarp slopes represent the major sediment transport pathways involved in the formation of alluvial fans, fan deltas, or submarine slope-aprons. Basinal sedimentation and major depocenters are located within synforms formed by structural lows in the geometry of extensional detachments. This study gives an example of syn-rift tectonic control for the SW part of the PBS and the influence of detachment geometry on basin fill. We have presented an approach based on 3D seismostratigraphic interpretation of tectonostratigraphic sequences, and the correlation of seismic facies with depositional environments developed in a back-arc setting
Assessing the long-term production of suspended sediment and the climate changes impact on its deposition in artificial lakes–a case study of Lake Trakošćan, Croatia
No full textA prevalent engineering task in practice is calculating the annual balance of sediments on some watercourses. This is particularly challenging when assessing the backfilling of river reservoirs that have a multifunctional purpose. Trakošćan Lake was built in the period from 1850 to 1862 as a pond and landscape addition to the park and Trakošćan castle. After 60 years, the lake was drained in 2022, and the work began on sediment excavation to improve the lake’s ecological condition due to about 200,000 cubic meters of deposited silt in the lake. In this research, the annual sediment production is calculated for the long-term period 1961–2020, based on empirical parametric methods (Fleming, Brunne). The results are compared with results from previous projects and recent sediment deposit investigations. Since there are no changes in LC/LU on this natural catchment, the decreasing trends in long-term sediment transport were compared with meteorological values, daily rainfall, and snow days. It is concluded that the intensity characteristics of the rainfall should be investigated more in detail and could provide much more tangible information regarding climate change impacts. Some targets for future monitoring design and research techniques are set
Geotehnička istraživanja lokaliteta najveće Ponikve s urušenim pokrovom u selu mečenčani Nakon potresa u petrinji 2020. Godine
No full textThis paper presents an overview of extensive geotechnical, hydrological and geological investigations of soils around the biggest cover-collapse sinkhole opened in the Mečenčani village a week after the Petrinja Mw 6.4 earthquake of December 29, 2020. The geotechnical investigation included two shallow boreholes, Standard Penetration Test (SPT), manually driven Dynamic Probing Light (DPL), and groundwater table observations. In addition, various geotechnical laboratory tests were performed. Obtained data provide the essential geomechanical information necessary for understanding processes associated to sinkhole collapse. Furthermore, it also provides the basis for better preparation and streamlining of future investigations and efforts towards clarification of the failure mechanisms in similar geological settings.U radu su prikazani rezultati opsežnih geotehničkih, hidroloških i geoloških istraživanja tla oko najveće urušne vrtače u selu Mečenčani, koja se otvorila tjedan dana nakon Petrinjskog potresa Mw 6,4 koji se dogodio 29. prosinca 2020. Geotehničko istraživanje uključivalo je izradu dvije plitke bušotine, izvedbu standardnog penetracijskog pokusa (SPT), pokusa dinamičkim penetrometrom s ručnim upravljanjem (DPL) i opažanja podzemne vode. Osim toga, obavljena su opsežna laboratorijska ispitivanja uzoraka tla. Podaci dobiveni terenskim i laboratorijskim istraživanjima omogućuju razumijevanje mehanizma nastanka ponikve s urušenim pokrovom na toj specifičnoj lokaciji. Nadalje, ova istraživanja predstavljaju osnovu za bolju pripremu i izvođenje budućih istraživačkih radova te razjašnjenje mehanizama loma u sličnim geološkim uvjetima
