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    Route optimization using mathematical models

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    Svakom logističkom poduzeću u cilju je smanjiti troškove i poboljšati uslugu. Poduzeća koja nude uslugu transporta, a koriste vlastiti vozni park izložena su problemom velikih troškova ukoliko nemaju razrađen pravilan koncept ruta prijevoza. Mogućnost povećanja troškova i smanjenja usluge prijevoza događa se ukoliko poduzeća ne koriste određene softverske alate za optimizaciju ruta to jest određuju rute prijevoza intuitivno. Matematičke metode za optimizaciju ruta mogu prikazati problem poduzeća te usmjeriti isto na daljnje unaprjeđenje usluge transporta kako bi se i samim time postigla konkurentnost na tržištu. Određivanje ruta matematičkim metodama kompleksan je proces ukoliko se radi o velikom broju ruta no može uvelike pomoći u samom djelovanju poduzeća.The goal of every logistics companyis to reduce costs and improve service. Companies that offer transport services and use their own vehicle fleet are exposed to the problem of high costs if they do not have a proper concept of transport routes. The possibility of increasing costs and reducing transport services occurs if companies do not use certain software tools for route optimization, that is, they intuitively determine transport routes. Mathematical methods for route optimization can show the company's problem and direct it to the further improvement of the transport service in order to achieve competitiveness on the market at the same time. Determining routes using mathematical methods is a complex process if there are a large number of routes, but it can greatly help in the operation of the company itself

    Solving the shortest path problem using a heuristic approach

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    U ovom završnom radu proučava se primjena heurističkih pristupa za rješavanje problema najkraćeg puta na cestovnoj mreži Hrvatske. Glavni cilj je optimizacija pronalaska najkraćih ruta korištenjem prikupljenih podataka o stanju cestovne mreže i rješavanje najkraćeg puta koristeći algoritme kao što su A* i Dijkstrin algoritam, te njihove dvosmjerne verzije i verzije unaprijeđene Fibonaccijevom hrpom. Podatci prikupljeni putem projekta SORDITO detaljno su obrađeni u programskom jeziku C#, uključujući digitalnu kartu cestovne mreže s jedinstvenim ID-ovima, koordinatama, ograničenjima brzine i kategorijama. Rad se detaljno bavi analizom učinkovitosti različitih algoritama za rješavanje najkraćeg puta te opisuje razvoj grafičkog sučelja u Visual Studio-u. Ovo sučelje omogućuje korisnicima interaktivni prikaz optimiziranih ruta i relevantnih podataka, čime se olakšava pregled i razumijevanje rezultata u stvarnom vremenu. Ovaj projekt ističe važnost heurističkih metoda u optimizaciji transportnih sustava, pružajući praktična rješenja za složene grafove poput cestovne mreže Hrvatske.This final thesis explores the application of heuristic approaches to solving the shortest path problem on the road network of Croatia. The main objective is to optimize the determination of shortest routes using collected data on the state of the road network and algorithms such as A* and Dijkstra's algorithm, as well as their bidirectional versions enhanced by Fibonacci heap. Data gathered through the SORDITO project have been extensively processed using the C# programming language, including the digital map of the road network with unique IDs, coordinates, speed limits, and categories. The thesis extensively analyzes the efficiency of different shortest path algorithms and describes the development of a graphical user interface in Visual Studio. This interface enables users to interactively visualize optimized routes and relevant data, facilitating real-time review and understanding of results. This project highlights the importance of heuristic methods in optimizing transportation systems, providing practical solutions for complex graphs such as Croatia's road network

    Application of the loT Concept for Improving Crop Yields in Agriculture

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    Agrikultura, ili poljoprivreda, je uz ribarstvo i marikulturu glavni sektor za proizvodnju hrane, te se primarno sastoji od djelatnosti obrade zemlje i održavanja domaćih životinja. Zbog značajnog razvoja tehnologije u posljednjem desetljeću, došlo je do brojnih promjena u raznim ljudskim djelatnostima, pa tako i značajnom napredovanju poljoprivrednih procesa i operacija. Razvojem hardverskih tehnologija i implementacijom „Interneta stvari“ došlo je do velikog tehnološkog iskoraka u nadzornim procesima i svih radnji vezanih uz poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, koje se odvijaju na licu mjesta i u stvarnom vremenu. To je sve omogućeno zahvaljujući različitim IoT uređajima, poput senzora za praćenje relevantnih vrijednosti, kamera, dronova, sustava navodnjavanja, robota i uređaja za praćenje stoke. Iako je značaj implementacije IoT uređaja u području poljoprivrede izniman, ona se i dalje suočava s brojnim izazovima i problemima. S određenom sigurnošću, uz daljnji napredak tehnologije, može se zaključiti da niti jedan od tih izazova nije nepremostiv, te da su koristi navedenih tehnologija i dalje mnogo značajnije od problema i izazova.Agriculture, or farming, along with fishing and aquaculture, is the main sector for food production, primarily consisting of the activities of cultivating the land and maintenance of domestic animals. Due to significant tehnological advancements in the last decade, there have been numerous changes in various human activities, including significant progres sin agricultural processes and operations. Through the development of hardware tehnologies and the implementation of the Internet of Things, there has been a significant tehnological leap in monitoring processes and all actions related to agricultural production, happening on-site and in real-time. All of this has been made possible thanks to various IoT devices, such as sensors for tracking relevant values, cameras, drones, irrigation systems, robots, and livestock devices. Although the significance of implementing IoT devices in the field of agriculture is remarkable, it still faces numerous challenges and issues. With a certian level of certainty, with further technological advancements, we can conclude that none of these challenges are insurmountable, and the benefits of these technologies are far more significant than the problems and challenges

    Comparative Evaluation of Ergonomic factors in the Cockpits of Cessna 525 CJ2 Aircraft and Aircraft Bombardier CL 350 AirCraft

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    U diplomskom radu su analizirani ergonomijski čimbenici pilotskih kabina zrakoplova Cessna 525 CJ2+ i Bombardier CL 350, uspoređujući kako dizajn pilotske kabine može utjecati na performanse i sigurnost pilota. Istraživanje se je fokusiralo na fizikalne, senzorne, kognitivne i društvene čimbenike bitne za ergonomijski dizajn kabine. Istraživalo se je kako ti čimbenici mogu utjecati na umor, učinkovitost, i kognitivno opterećenje pilota. Rezultati ukazuju na značaj primjene ergonomijskih principa tijekom dizajna pilotskih kabina, radi povećanja sigurnosti i udobnosti. Studija također naglašava potrebu za kontinuiranim unaprjeđivanjem dizajna pilotskih kabina na temelju povratnih informacija pilota kako bi se optimizirala izvedba i smanjile krive reakcije tijekom leta.In this graduate thesis are analyzed ergonomic factors in the cockpits of the Cessna 525 CJ2+ aircraft and Bombardier CL 350 aircraft, comparing how cockpit design can affect pilot performance and safety. The research is focused on physical, sensory, cognitive, and social factors that are important for ergonomic cockpit design, It is investigated how these factors can reflect on fatigue, performance and cognitive workload of pilots. The results highlight the significance of implementation of ergonomic principles into cockpit design to enhance safety and comfort. The study also emphasizes the need to continuously improve cockpit design based on pilot feedback to optimize performance and reduce errors. during flight

    Analysis of Bicycle Traffic in The City of Đakovo

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    U ovom završnom radu prikazan je razvoj bicikla od njegovih početaka pa sve do bicikla kakvog danas poznajemo. Prikazano je što sve čini biciklističku infrastrukturu te koje su prednosti i nedostaci biciklističkog prometa. Napravljena je analiza biciklističkog prometa u gradu Đakovu. Prikazano je trenutno stanje biciklističkih prometnica, te su nabrojane prednosti i mane. Provedeno je terensko i anketno istraživanje koje je pokazalo u kolikoj mjeri biciklisti grada Đakova poštuju prometne propise te koliko su zadovoljni samim biciklističkim prometom u gradu. Na samom kraju dani su prijedlozi koji bi mogli dovesti do poboljšanja biciklističkog prometa u gradu.This undergraduate thesis presents the development of the bicycle from its beginnings to the bicycle as we know it today. It shows what constitutes cycling infrastructure and what the advantages and disadvantages of cycling traffic are. An analysis of cycling traffic in the city of Đakovo was conducted. The current state of cycling routes is presented, and the advantages and disadvantages are listed. Field and survey research was carried out, showing the extent to which cyclists in the city of Đakovo comply with traffic regulations and their satisfaction with cycling traffic in the city. Finally, suggestions are provided that could lead to improvements in cycling traffic in the city

    Analysis of last mile distribution system -case study

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    Procesom urbanizacije koji je sve više prisutan u novije vrijeme dolazi do povećanja broja stanovnika u gradovima. Zbog većeg broja stanovnika u urbanim područjima te većoj gustoći naseljenosti pojavljuje se i povećana potražnja za uslugama dostave pošiljaka. Kapilarnom distribucijom, koja predstavlja završnu etapu distribucijske mreže, kurirske tvrtke nastoje uz što višu razinu usluge i što niže pripadajuće troškove pravovremeno isporučiti pošiljke primateljima. U ovom radu analiziran je sustav kapilarne distribucije odabrane tvrtke iz prakse kroz ključne izvedbene pokazatelje koji se prate na razini tvrtke. Također, opisane su i značajke procesa isporuke pošiljaka iz distributivnog centra do primatelja koji mogu biti fizičke ili pravne osobe. Pri analiziranju sustava kapilarne distribucije uočena su uska grla u procesima te su nastavno na to ponuđeni prijedlozi unaprjeđenja postojećih procesa.With the process of urbanization, which is increasingly present in recent times, there is an increase in the number of inhabitants in cities. Due to the larger number of residents in urban areas and higher population density, there is also an increased demand for delivery services. Through last mile distribution, which represents the final stage of the distribution network, courier companies strive to deliver shipments to recipients on time with the highest level of service and the lowest associated costs. This paper analyzes the last mile distribution system of a selected company from practice through key performance indicators monitored at the company level. Additionally, the features of the delivery process from the distribution center to the recipients, who can be either physical or legal entities, are described. During the analysis of the last mile distribution system, bottlenecks in the processes were identified, and based on this, proposals for the improvement of existing processes were offered

    Analysis of Interrupted Traffic Flows using HCM Methodology

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    Priručnik za projektiranje kapaciteta prometnica (engl. Highway Capacity Manual -HCM) osnova je za planiranje, dizajn i upravljanje prometnim sustavima, nudeći metodologije za analizu različitih prometnih objekata poput autocesta, urbanih ulica, raskrižja, biciklističkih i pješačkih staza. Ovaj priručnik, iako izvorno razvijen na osnovu prometnih uvjeta u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, usvojen je kao standard u praksi projektiranja i upravljanja prometnim sustavima unutar Europe i Hrvatske. U radu su opisani potrebni ulazni podatci, potencijalni izvori i predložene zadane vrijednosti podataka koji se primjenjuju u proračunskim koracima za analizu semaforiziranih, nesemaforiziranih i raskrižja s kružnim tokom prometa. Na osnovu provedenog brojanja prometa na semaforiziranom raskrižju Maksimirska cesta - Ulica Ravnice, nesemaforiziranom raskrižju Ulica Ravnice XI - Ravnice V i kružnom raskrižju Ulice Ravnice I - Aleja Antuna Augustinčića - Ulica Jurja Dalmatinca - Ravnice izračunani su stupanj zasićenja, prosječno vrijeme čekanja, duljina repa čekanja i razina usluge primjenom metodologije HCM-a. U programskom sustavu AutoCAD izrađen je tlocrtni prikaz predmetnih raskrižja.The Highway Capacity Manual serves as the foundation for planning, designing, and managing traffic systems, offering methodologies for the analysis of various traffic facilities such as highways, urban streets, intersections, bicycles, and pedestrian paths. Although originally developed based on traffic conditions in the United States, it has been adopted as a standard in the practice of designing and managing traffic systems in Europe and Croatia. This paper describes the necessary input data, potential sources, and suggested default data values applied in the calculation steps for analyzing signalized, unsignalized intersections, and roundabouts. Based on the traffic count conducted at the signalized intersection of Maksimirska Street - Ravnice Street, the unsignalized intersection of Ravnice XI - Ravnice Street, and the roundabout at Ravnice I Street - Aleja Antuna Augustinčića - Jurja Dalmatinca Street - Ravnice Street the degree of saturation, average delay time, queue length, and level of service were calculated using the HCM methodology. Plan views of these intersections were created within the AutoCAD software system

    Condition and development of road vehicles in public freight traffic

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    Javni cestovni teretni promet proces je prijevoza robe cestom. Svako teretno vozilo sadrži specifične eksploatacijsko tehničke značajke koje su podobne za prijevoz određene vrste robe. Analiza cestovnih vozila u javnom teretnom prometu pokazat će trenutno stanje u odabranim zemljama Europe te pokazati određene trendove razvitka cestovnih vozila u javnom teretnom prometu.Public road freight transport is a process of transporting goods by roads. Each cargo vehicle has its own specific operational technical characteristics which are suitable for transporting a certain type of cargo. The analysis of road vehicles in public freight transport will present the current situation in selected European countries and it will show certain trends in the development of road vehicles in public freight transport

    Base stock planning

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    Ovaj završni rad bavi se temom planiranja baznih zaliha i upravljanja zalihama s ciljem minimiziranja troškova i osiguravanja zadovoljenja potražnje. Kroz šest poglavlja, rad pruža pregled osnovnih pojmova o zalihama, vrstama zaliha, matematičkom modelu za upravljanje baznim zalihama, te daje primjer praktičnog izračuna baznih zaliha korištenjem modela narudžbe do određene razine. Praktična primjena modela prikazana je kroz konkretan primjer farmaceutske tvrtke koja prodaje medicinske uređaje, te zbog različitih vremena isporuka mora različito planirati zalihe na razini prodajnog predstavnika i distribucijskog centra. Ovaj primjer ilustrira kako se model može primijeniti na stvarni opskrbni lanac gdje se zalihe moraju planirati na više razina i za različita vremenska razdoblja. Zaključak rada naglašava važnost preciznog planiranja i modeliranja zaliha kako bi se tvrtke mogle prilagoditi neizvjesnostima u potražnji i opskrbi, uz održavanje visokog stupnja usluge i minimiziranje troškova.This final paper addresses the topic of base stock planning and inventory management to minimize costs and ensure demand fulfilment. Through six chapters, the paper provides an overview of the basic concepts of inventory, types of inventories, a mathematical model for managing base stocks, and presents a practical example of calculating base stocks using the reorder point model. The practical application of the model is demonstrated through the example of a pharmaceutical company that sells medical devices and must plan its inventory differently at the sales representative and distribution centre levels due to varying delivery times. This example illustrates how the model can be applied to a real supply chain where inventory must be planned at multiple levels and for different periods. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of precise inventory planning and modelling so that companies can adapt to uncertainties in demand and supply while maintaining a high level of service and minimizing costs

    Research on the Capabilities of SIEM Systems and Interoperability with Tools for Information and Communication System Protection

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    Sustavi za upravljanje sigurnosnim informacijama i događajima (engl. Security Information and Event Management, SIEM) postali su ključni dio moderne kibernetičke sigurnosne arhitekture. Omogućuju organizacijama prikupljanje, analizu i korelaciju sigurnosnih podataka iz više izvora, pružajući sveobuhvatan pregled njihove sigurnosne situacije. Međutim, učinkovitost SIEM-a često je ograničena ukoliko djeluje samostalno. Integracija SIEM sustava s drugim alatima za zaštitu informacijsko-komunikacijskog sustava, poput vatrozida (engl. Firewall), značajno povećava učinkovitost SIEM sustava i kibernetičku sigurnost organizacije. Iako postoje razni izazovi prilikom integracije, takva rješenja donose mnoge prednosti i dodatan sloj zaštite, što je u današnjem dobu sve sofisticiranijih napada itekako potrebno. Ovaj rad istražuje mogućnosti integracije SIEM-a s drugim sigurnosnim alatima, raspravlja o izazovima integracije različitih sigurnosnih arhitektura i pruža primjere uspješnih integracija SIEM-a u stvarnom svijetu.Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems have become a critical component of modern cybersecurity architecture. They enable organizations to collect, analyze, and correlate security data from multiple sources, providing a comprehensive view of their security posture. However, the effectiveness of SIEM is often limited when it operates in isolation. Integrating SIEM systems with other information and communication system protection tools, such as firewalls, significantly enhances the efficiency of SIEM systems and the cybersecurity of an organization. Although there are various challenges associated with integration, such solutions offer many advantages and an additional layer of protection, which is crucial in today's era of increasingly sophisticated attacks. This paper explores the possibilities of integrating SIEM with other security tools, discusses the challenges of integrating different security architectures, and provides examples of successful SIEM integrations in the real world

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