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Modernization of the railway line M202 on the section Zagreb Glavni kolodvor-Hrvatski Leskovac
No full textPolitika EU u području transporta preferira razvoj ekološki prihvatljivijih transportnih sustava. Nagli razvoj cestovnog prometa značajno je pogoršao uvjete okoliša u mjeri da ugrožava normalno funkcioniranje života na planeti Zemlji i uopće dugoročni opstanak. U tom cilju se potiču alternativni oblici kopnenog prijevoza koji bi svojom efikasnošću i kvalitetom stvorili uvjete koje pruža cestovni prijevoz. U tom smjeru je Republika Hrvatska kroz strateške dokumente izrazila snažno opredjeljenje za provođenje europskih politika. Temeljem Ugovora za Uslugu tehničke pomoći u provedbi funkcija tijela u sustavu upravljanja i kontrole EU fondova u sklopu Operativnog programa „Konkurentnost i kohezija“ izrađena je Studija izvodljivosti za projekt rekonstrukcije postojećeg i izgradnje drugog kolosijeka na željezničkoj pruzi M202 Zagreb GK – Rijeka, dionica Zagreb GK – Hrvatski Leskovac od 19.ožujka 2021. (u daljnjem tekstu Studija izvodljivosti) koja je podloga za daljnju izradu projektne dokumentacije potrebne za izvođenje radova na predmetnoj dionici.EU transport policy prefers the development of more environmentally friendly transport systems. The rapid development of road traffic has significantly worsened environmental conditions to the extent that it threatens the normal functioning of life on planet Earth and its long-term survival in general. For that reason, alternative forms of land transport are encouraged which, with their efficiency and quality, would create the same conditions as they are provided by road transport. The Republic of Croatia has made steps in that direction by making a strong commitment to implementing European policies through strategic documents. On the basis of the Agreement for the Service of technical assistance in the implementation of the functions of bodies in the system of management and control of EU funds, as part of the Operational program "Competitiveness and cohesion", a Feasibility study has been made for the project of reconstruction of the existing and construction of the second track on the railway M202 Zagreb GK - Rijeka, section Zagreb GK – Hrvatski Leskovac from March 19, 2021 (hereinafter referred to as Feasibility study) which is the basis for the further development of project documentation necessary for the execution of works on the that section
The Effect of the Lighting Device Performance on the Visibility of Pedestrians in Night-time Driving
No full textPostoje različite izvedbe svjetlosnog uređaja na automobilu poput halogen, ksenon, led svjetla i novije laserske tehnologije. Međusobno je razlikuju po načinu izrade, materijalu, trajnosti, intenzitetu i osvjetljenju. Svjetlosni signalni uređaji služe za osvjetljavanje ceste ispred vozila, označavanje položaja vozila na cesti i davanje odgovarajućih signala. Sva vozila posjeduju kratko svjetlo za osvjetljenje ceste i dugo svjetlo za povećavanje preglednosti ispred vozila. Cilj diplomskog rada je prikazati svojstva svjetlosnih uređaja i na osnovu mjerenja vidljivosti pješaka u noćnim uvjetima utvrditi koji način izvedbe je najsigurniji u prometu. U istraživanju su sudjelovala tri pješaka, u bijeloj, tamnoj i reflektirajućoj odjeći te šest automobila s različitim svjetlosnim uređajima.There are different versions of the light device on the car, such as halogen, xenon, LED lights and newer laser technology. They differ from each other in the way they are made, material, durability, intensity and lighting. Light signal devices are used to illuminate the road in front of the vehicle, to indicate the position of the vehicle on the road and to give appropriate signals. All vehicles have a low beam to illuminate the road and a high beam to increase visibility in front of the vehicle. The aim of the thesis is to show the properties of light devices and, based on the measurement of pedestrian visibility in night conditions, to determine which method of performance is the safest in traffic. Three pedestrians, in white, dark and reflective clothing, and six cars with different light devices participated in the research
Temporal Causal Model for Passenger Air Traffic Recovery During Post-recession Periods
No full textIndustrija zračnog prijevoza se, uslijed pandemije bolesti COVID-19 i nametnutih ograničenja putovanja, suočila s dubokom gospodarskom krizom i posljedičnim smanjenjem potražnje koje je intenzivnije od svih ranijih recesija. U radu se istražuje uzročna veza između potražnje za zračnim prijevozom i relevantnih društveno-ekonomskih pokazatelja kako bi se kvantificirao budući rast industrije zračnog prijevoza, s posebnim naglaskom na oporavak nakon recesija bez obzira na njihov uzrok, obuhvat i trajanje. Na temelju robusnih setova povijesnih podataka koji pokrivaju period od 1990. do 2022. godine, a time i periode ranijih značajnih recesija koje su imale utjecaj na industriju zračnog prometa, analizira se uzročna veza između pokazatelja ostvarenoga putničkog zračnog prometa i drugih prometnih indikatora te niza društveno-ekonomskih pokazatelja koji su imali značajan utjecaj na dinamiku gospodarskih trendova u razdobljima oporavka. U radu su utvrđene uzročne veze između pokazatelja zračnog prometa i svih istraživanih društveno-ekonomskih pokazatelja. Ta je uzročna veza različita u različitim promatranim razdobljima i nije uvijek jednako značajna. U razdobljima recesija neki društveno-ekonomski pokazatelji snažnije uzrokuju kretanja prometnih pokazatelja, dok su u razdobljima ekspanzija značajniji drugi društveno-ekonomski pokazatelji. Predložen je vremenski uzročni model za prognoziranje oporavka putničkoga zračnog prometa koji uzima u obzir niz prometnih i društveno-ekonomskih pokazatelja i njihove uzročne veze. Modelom se kreira povezani sustav vremenskih nizova koji uključuje samo one prediktore koji pokazuju značajan utjecaj na odabrane pokazatelje prometne potražnje u zračnom prometu. Model pruža kvalitativnu procjenu uzročnih veza i dopušta razumijevanje uzročne strukture između varijabli. Prognoze se postižu primjenom modela koji je izveden iz uzročne strukture i upotrebljava podatke prošlih vrijednosti prediktorske i target varijable kako bi se predvidjele buduće vrijednosti odabranoga vremenskog niza. Izrađene su prognoze prometne potražnje u putničkome i teretnome zračnom prometu za sljedećih 12 mjeseci čije su performanse uspoređene s ARIMA modelom kojim se prognozira isti period. Isto se tako uspoređuju ostvareni rezultati u putničkome zračnom prometu u prognoziranom periodu s rezultatima prognoza dobivenih vremenskim uzročnim modelom i ARIMA modelom. Na temelju rezultata i analize dobre prakse predložene su smjernice za brži oporavak zračnih prijevoznika nakon recesije. Stečene spoznaje pridonose optimizaciji prometno-tehnoloških procesa poslovanja zračnih prijevoznika u postkriznim razdobljima.The global air transport industry, an integral component of the world economy, has faced an unprecedented economic crisis characterized by a substantial reduction in demand. This reduction is more intense than any previous recessions the industry has encountered, and it is primarily attributed to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the stringent travel restrictions that followed in its wake. This study explores the causal relationship between air transport demand and pertinent socio-economic indicators, with the aim of quantifying the future growth prospects of the air transport sector. It places particular emphasis on understanding the dynamics of recovery after recessions, regardless of their underlying causes, scope, or duration. Drawing upon a dataset spanning from 1990 to 2022, which encompasses periods of significant recessions that have left a notable imprint on the air transport industry, this research meticulously examines the causal links between passenger air transport indicators, other key transportation metrics, and a diverse array of socio-economic indicators that wield substantial influence over economic trends during post-recession recovery phases. The findings of this study reveal the existence of discernible causal relationships between air transport indicators and socio-economic indicators. However, these causal relationships exhibit a dynamic nature, manifesting variations across different observed periods. Notably, during recessions, specific socio-economic indicators exert a more pronounced influence on air transportation metrics. In contrast, during economic expansion periods, alternative socio-economic factors come to the fore, indicating a shifting landscape of causality that necessitates adaptive strategies. To facilitate precise forecasting of passenger air traffic recovery, this research introduces a temporal causal model. This model represents a systematic approach that integrates various transportation and socio-economic indicators while considering their causal relationships. It strategically selects predictors that exhibit significant impacts on the chosen air transport indicators, thereby enhancing the accuracy of forecasts and providing decision-makers with actionable insights. Using the time-causal model, a system of time-series has been created, allowing for the identification of causal relationships between selected time-series at a much more complex level than the bivariate Granger causality test. The time-causal model includes the use of autoregressive models, vector autoregressive models (VAR), vector error correction models (VECM), and the Granger causality test. Air transport indicators are assigned the role of predictor and target variables simultaneously, while socio-economic indicators are assigned the role of predictor variables. It was determined that there is a difference in causal relationships during periods of expansion and recession. During recession periods, indicators such as the price of crude oil, jet fuel, and ownership rates have a stronger influence on air transport indicators, whereas during expansion periods, the number of employees in the air transport industry and airline ticket prices have a stronger influence on air transport indicators. Some socio-economic indicators, such as population and gross domestic product, affect air transport indicators in both expansion and recession periods, although not necessarily with the same intensity. Forecasted values from the temporal causal and ARIMA models were compared with realized traffic to assess the quality and accuracy of the models. Based on the comparison the time-causal model enables instant analysis of circumstances and causes in dynamic environments, as well as reliable forecasting of upcoming periods. In the aftermath of economic downturns, airlines face the formidable challenge of recovery. Building on empirical evidence and rigorous analysis, this research culminates in the formulation of pragmatic guidelines. These guidelines provide a structured framework for airlines to navigate the turbulent post-recession landscape more effectively. By optimizing operational processes, refining marketing strategies, and fostering collaboration among industry stakeholders, these recommendations aim to expedite and fortify the recovery process. This comprehensive study sheds light on the intricate dynamics within the global air transport industry during times of crisis and recovery. It equips industry stakeholders with a powerful forecasting tool, the temporal causal model, to make informed decisions in an ever-changing landscape. By unraveling the multifaceted causal relationships and offering practical recovery guidelines, this research contributes significantly to the body of knowledge in the field of air transportation economics and management. The acquired insights pave the way for informed decision-making and sustainable growth in the industry
Analysis of the OSPF Routing Protocol
No full textZavršni rad prikazuje LAN (Local Area Network) mrežu, fokusirajući se na usmjeravanje podataka i protokole usmjeravanja koji su bitni za njihovo funkcioniranje. Glavna tema rada je analiza Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protokola, istražujući njegove značajke, ulogu i važnost u organizaciji LAN mreža. Osim toga, rad razmatra koncepte OSPF područja te vrste mreža koja se koriste u kontekstu OSPF-a. Rad istražuje kako OSPF protokol omogućuje efikasno usmjeravanje podataka unutar LAN mreža te kako područja i vrste mreža unutar OSPF-a doprinose skalabilnosti, sigurnosti i efikasnosti mrežnih infrastruktura.The final paper presents a LAN (Local Area Network) network, focusing on data routing and routing protocols essential for their operation. The main theme of paper is the analysis of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, exploring its characteristics, role and importance in organizing LAN networks. Additionally, the paper examines OSPF are concepts and network types used in the context of OSPF. The paper explores how the OSPF protocol enables efficient data routing within LAN networks and how OSPF areas and network types contribute to scalability, security and efficiency of newtork infrastructures
Calculation of elements of maneuvers for night shooting of ground targets for Pilatus PC-9M aircraft
No full textMisija Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva je nadzor I zaštita zračnog prostora Republike Hrvatske, sudjelovanje u združenim I međunarodnim vojnim operacijama te provedba operacija pružanja pomoći civilnim institucijama u zemlji. Vodeći se misijom Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva, bilo bi bitno da se u početnu temeljnu obuku pilota aviona, koja se odvija na zrakoplovu Pilatus PC-9M uvede i obuka za letenje noću uz uporabu naočala za noćno gledanje. Sama obuka je dosta kompleksnija I zahtjevnija od trenutnog noćnog letenja koje se provodi na tom tipu zrakoplova no za što lakšu tranziciju na budući borbeni zrakoplov koji će uskoro biti u sastavu Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva, ovakva vrsta obuke je neophodna. Kako bi se buduća tranzicija pilota sa Pilatusa PC-9M na zrakoplov 4.5 generacije obavljala što lakše te kako bi 392. Eskadrila aviona mogla povećati opseg zadaća koje izvršava, što bi značilo omogućavanje bilo koje vrste leta noću, uz dosadašnje VFR I IFR navigacijsko letenje noću. Uz povećani opseg borbenih I obučnih zadaća, 392. Eskadrila aviona bi dobila i mogućnost obavljanja obalne straže noću, što sada nije moguće.The mission of the Croatian Air Force is to monitor and protect the airspace of the Republic of Croatia, participate in joint and international military operations, and conduct operations to provide assistance to civil institutions in the country. Guided by the mission of the Croatian Air Force, it would be important to include night flying training with the use of night vision goggles in the initial basic training of airplane pilots, which takes place on the Pilatus PC-9M aircraft. The training itself is much more complex and demanding than the current night flying that is carried out on this type of aircraft, but for an easier transition to the future fighter aircraft that will soon be part of the Croatian Air Force, this type of training is necessary. In order to make the future transition of pilots from the Pilatus PC-9M to the 4.5 generation aircraft as easy as possible and so that the 392nd Aircraft Squadron could increase the scope of the tasks it performs, which would mean enabling any type of flight at night, in addition to the current VFR and IFR navigational flights at night. In addition to the increased scope of combat and training tasks, the 392nd Aircraft Squadron would also have the possibility of performing coast guard at night, which is not possible now
Analysis of the Nautical Tourism Development in the Republic of Croatia
No full textU radu je analiziran nautički turizam kao oblik turizma te njegovi razni aspekti od smjera njegovog razvoja do njegovog utjecaja na razvoj turističkih destinacija, njegov utjecaj na okoliš te kako primijeniti održivi razvoj u postojećim i novo nastajućim destinacijama nautičkog turizma. Rad se osvrće na vrste plovila koja koriste nautičari i koja su u ponudi nautičkim turistima. U radu su navedene kategorizacije marina, i drugih objekata za pružanje usluga nautičkog turizma. Analizirano je stanje nautičkog turizma u Republici Hrvatskoj te je vidljiv porast izdataka nautičara, smanjen broj prosječnih noćenja te povećan broj turista koji se po prvi puta nalaze na prostoru Hrvatske te je opisan i analizirana promet brodovima za kružna putovanja u Republici Hrvatskoj.The paper analyses nautical tourism as a form of tourism and its various aspects, from the direction of its development to its impact on destination development, its impact on the environment and how sustainable development can be implemented in existing and emerging nautical destinations. The paper focuses on the types of vessels used and offered to nautical tourists. The paper lists the categorisations of marinas and other facilities for the provision of nautical tourism services. The state of nautical tourism in the Republic of Croatia was analysed and an increase in spending by nautical tourist, a decrease in the average number of overnight stays and an increase in the number of tourists visiting Croatia for the first time were observed. Also, traffic of cruise ships in the Republic of Croatia was described and analysed
The Impact of Traffic Control Devices and Road Equipment on Road Safety in Temporary Traffic Control Zones
No full textZauzimanje dijela ceste neophodno je prilikom izvođenja različitih radova, kao što su održavanje prometnica, izvođenje građevinskih radova i sličnih zahvata, zbog čega je potrebno uspostaviti privremene regulacije prometa. Prometna signalizacija i oprema predstavljaju osnovna sredstva i uređaje korištene kod privremenih regulacija prometa, koji omogućavaju sigurno odvijanje prometa kroz područje radova. Postavljanjem privremenih regulacija prometa dolazi do suženja ceste, preusmjeravanja prometa čak i zatvaranja dijelova ceste, što može imati negativan utjecaj na sigurnost odvijanja prometa, vrijeme putovanja i propusnu moć prometnica. Pravilnim uspostavljanjem područja privremenih regulacija prometa i korištenjem propisane prometne signalizacije i opreme, smanjuje se negativan utjecaj privremenih regulacija prometa i sudionike u prometu se na vrijeme obavještava, obvezuje i usmjerava da na siguran način prođu područje izvođenja radova.Due to the occupation of a part of the road during the execution of various works such as road maintenance, construction works and similar operations, it is necessary to establish temporary traffic regulations. Traffic signs and equipment represent the basic means and devices used for temporary traffic regulation, which enable the safe flow of traffic through the work area. Implementing temporary traffic regulations leads to narrowing of the road, redirection of traffic and even closing of parts of the road, which can have negative impact on traffic safety, travel time and road capacity. By properly establishing the area of temporary traffic regulations and using prescribed traffic signs and equipment, the negative impact of temporary traffic regulations is reduced, and traffic participants are informed, obliged and directed to safely pass through the work area
Special Cargo Road Transport Organization
No full textZadatak ovog završnog rada je prikazati kako izvanredni tereti zbog velikih dimenzija i masa zahtijevaju posebnu organizaciju u cestovnom transportu. Organizacija izvanrednog tereta znatno je složenija od prijevoza običnog tereta zbog tehnoloških, sigurnosnih i administrativnih razloga. Kako bi se prijevoz obavio na siguran način, potrebno je odabrati odgovarajuća vozila, rute i dozvole. Najvažniju ulogu u procesu organizacije ima špediter čija je uloga prikazana u radu. Organizacija izvanrednog prijevoza tereta cestovnim putem bit će objašnjena na temelju dobivenih informacija tvrtke specijalizirane za prijevoz izvanrednih tereta.The task of this bachelor thesis is to show how the special cargo due to its large dimensions and large mass requires appropriate organized transport in road traffic. Organization of special transport is a more complex activity than ordinary transport because of the laws and regulations. In order to transport special cargo safely it is necessary to select the appropriate vehicle, plan the route and prepare all necessary documents. The most important role in the process of organization of transport has the forwarder, whose role will be elaborated. In this bachelor thesis transport management of special cargo is described on the basis of the data provided by a company specialized in special cargo transport
Piloting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle by Hand Movements
No full textUpravljanje dronovima pokretima ruke postaje sve popularniji način kontrole ovih bespilotnih letjelica. U ovom diplomskom radu istražuje se razvoj intuitivnog upravljanja dronom pokretima ruke uz pomoć Arduino Uno platforme i senzora pokreta ADXL345. To podrazumijeva prilagodbu postojećeg drona i daljinskog upravljača na način da se upravlja nagibom ruke putem senzora pokreta umjesto klasične kontrole s dvije palice. U radu će biti predstavljeni ključni aspekti projektiranja, izrade i testiranja ovog intuitivnog upravljačkog sustava za dron, kao i eksperimentalni rezultati dobiveni korištenjem ovog sustava upravljanja. Pokazat će se da je upravljanje dronom pokretima ruke jednako funkcionalno kao i klasično upravljanje s dvije palice.Controlling drones with hand gestures is becoming an increasingly popular method of controlling these unmanned aerial vehicles. This thesis explores the development of an intuitive drone control system using hand gestures with the help of an Arduino Uno platform and ADXL345 motion sensors. Specifically, the existing drone and remote control are adapted to control the drone by tilting the hand using the motion sensor, instead of using the traditional two joysticks. The thesis presents key aspects of designing, building, and testing an intuitive drone control system using hand gestures, as well as experimental results obtained using this control system. It will be shown that controlling drones with hand gestures is just as functional as traditional two-joystick control
Construction of a Morse code generator model
No full textSvrha izrade ovog završnog rada je pobliže opisati rad generatora Morseovog koda. U radu se opisuje pojam i značenje Morseovog koda u komunikacijama i navigaciji, a posebno u zrakoplovstvu. Objasnit će se ručno i automatsko generiranje, prijam na sluh, te automatski prijam. Također, u radu se opisuje projektiranje i izrada jednog od starijih modela generatora Morseovog koda koji je namijenjen za ručno generiranje i prijam na sluh. Na temelju stečenog znanja u sklopu završnog rada je napravljen funkcionalni model generatora Morseovog koda.The purpose of this graduate thesis is to describe work of Morse code generator. The thesis describes the concept and meaning of Morse code in communications and navigation, especially in aviation. Manual and automatic generation, auditory reception, and automatic reception will be explained. Also, the thesis describes the design and production of one of the older models of the Morse code generator, which is intended for manual generation and listening. Based on the acquired knowledge, a functional model of Morse code generator was made