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Blockchain como sistema para cumplir con la obligación de control y registro de la jornada laboral de los trabajadores
Full text linkActualmente, las personas tienen a su alcance un sinfín de tecnologías que facilitan sus tareas rutinarias y el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones dentro de la sociedad. Entre todas ellas, aflora la blockchain brindando numerosas funcionalidades que hasta ahora debían realizarse de forma analógica o mediante sistemas digitales menos desarrollados. Con esta tecnología los usuarios pueden realizar actuaciones más seguras, transparentes e inmutables, y los registros que contiene pueden ser distribuidos entre un sinnúmero de usuarios. De esta forma, dadas las novedosas características de la blockchain y su funcionalidad como base de datos, este trabajo tiene como finalidad proponer la blockchain como un sistema de registro de la jornada laboral de los trabajadores, eliminando toda posibilidad de alteración de los registros de jornada y dando la posibilidad de vincular la cadena con la Inspección de Trabajo en aras de cumplir con la legislación vigente
Una mirada a la esclavitud del siglo XXI a través de la producción científica española de la última década
No full textUna nueva esclavitud, la trata de seres humanos, que se reconoce, no solo como un delito transnacional e incluso nacional dentro de los países, la denominada “trata interna”, sino como una grave vulneración de los derechos humanos, sigue preocupando y extendiéndose a nivel mundial, afectando a las personas que, inmersas en una situación de vulnerabilidad, son utilizadas por los tratantes como objeto de compraventa y, por ende, explotadas bajo una situación de trabajo forzoso, despojándolas de su dignidad, libertad e integridad física y emocional. La trata de seres humanos, además de ser no ser un fenómeno nuevo, es una realidad delictiva de enorme complejidad, y compuesta por múltiples factores, que se ha ido desarrollando hasta alcanzar una dimensión global. Según el último Informe de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (2021) el número de víctimas sometidas a la esclavitud moderna alcanza la cifra de 49,6 millones de personas entre 2017-2021. Constituye, por tanto, un problema real y una constante en la sociedad mundial, además de uno de los retos de la política criminal actual. La justicia, el desarrollo y el bienestar social son términos sin sustancia cuando la sociedad a nivel mundial se enfrenta a esta lacra.
La lucha para lograr la erradicación de un fenómeno social de este calado se traduce no solo en las acciones que vayan encaminadas a ello de una manera directa, sino que debe transcender a su completa visibilidad con todos los medios con los que se cuenten. Uno de estos es, sin duda, la producción de investigación científica que se elabore sobre la materia, que contribuya a dar luces sobre si realmente se está avanzando o no, a través de este medio, en la visibilidad y sensibilización del fenómeno.
El interés de este estudio es evidente, ya que el análisis y la evaluación de la información y el conocimiento procedente de la actividad científica resultan imprescindibles para diseñar los diversos programas de investigación que se implementan en una sociedad (Tomás-Gorriz y Tomás-Casterá, 2018). De esta manera, aunque este examen pueda resultar relevante para cualquier tema de estudio, en el caso que nos ocupa, la trata de seres humanos, alcanza aun mayor valor, por ser una pieza más para ayudar a combatir una lacra que, aun siendo un problema tan antiguo como la propia humanidad, sigue en plena vigencia y adquiere nuevas prácticas.
El presente trabajo de investigación parte de una exposición introductoria del tema para continuar con los objetivos, el estado de la cuestión, la metodología que se ha utilizado para su elaboración, los resultados obtenidos y unos apartados de discusión y conclusiones que recogen la síntesis de lo abordado en todo el desarrollo de la investigación
"You Are Not Wrong About Getting Strong:” An Insight Into the Impact of Age Group and Level of Competition on Strength in Spanish Football Players
No full textObjective: This study aimed to compare the maximum and rapid force production of Spanish football players and explore the differences between age group and level of competition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed to evaluate the peak force (PF), relative PF, and rate of force development over 250 ms (RFD0−250) during the isometric midthigh pull between groups of football players based on age group (senior vs junior) and level of competition (national vs regional). Using a portable isometric rig, 111 football players performed 2 isometric midthigh-pull trials on a force plate. Two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc correction was applied, and statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. The PF, relative PF, and RFD0−250 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percentiles were also calculated and descriptively reported, separated by age group and level of competition. Results: The analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of the level of competition for the PF (P < .001), relative PF (P = .003), and RFD0−250 (P < .001). There was a significant main effect of age group for the PF (P < .001). There was a significant interaction effect of the age group × level of competition for relative PF (P = .014). National players were stronger than regional players on the PF and RFD0−250 (P < .001). Senior players were stronger than junior players for the PF (P < .001). Conclusions: Maximum and rapid force production are crucial for Spanish football players as they progress in both level of competition and age group. Practitioners should encourage young football players to prioritize strength development to improve their athletic performance
Could an evaluative conditioning intervention ameliorate paranoid beliefs? Self-reported and neurophysiological evidence from a brief intervention focused on improving self-esteem
Full text linkIntroduction: Much research on the treatment of paranoia has involved cognitive-behavioural interventions that address explicit social cognition processes. However, much of human cognition is preverbal or implicit, raising the possibility that such social judgements are implicated in paranoia. One type of implicit social cognition that has been investigated concerning paranoia is implicit self-esteem with some evidence that it may be possible to change implicit self-esteem using techniques based on conditioning theory. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research is to further evaluate the potential of this approach. At the same time, as a secondary purpose, we introduce a novel way of measuring social cognition that, we argue, has utility for investigating the psychological processes involved in paranoia.
Method: We conducted two proof-of-concept studies of a novel brief intervention based on evaluative conditioning, targeting implicit cognition. The first study was conducted with a large non-clinical sample, while the second study included a small series of psychotic patients. As part of our proof-of-concept evaluation of the potential of evaluative conditioning, we attempted to probe for neurophysiological changes following the intervention using magnetoencephalography in an exploratory way in the clinical sample.
Results: Our results revealed that both non-clinical and clinical participants in the experimental group showed a significant change in how they evaluated themselves in the social cognition task, which could be related to the perception of social information in a less threatening way. In addition, clinical participants in the experimental group showed changes in brain activity during the social cognition task, particularly in regions involved in emotional reactivity and mentalization processes.
Discussion: Our results are encouraging, suggesting that implicit cognition is manipulable, that such manipulation affects underlying neurophysiological mechanisms, and that there may be an impact on paranoid symptoms. However, much more work is required to determine whether this approach can produce meaningful clinical change and be delivered in routine clinical settings. Finally, it is important to note that we are not claiming the clinical effectiveness of our intervention, which is in a very early stage of development. Our goal here is to demonstrate clinical possibilities that warrant further investigation.
Keywords: evaluative conditioning; implicit self-esteem; implicit social cognition; magnetoencephalography; paranoia.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by “Explora science” and “Explora tecnología” projects - state programme for the promotion of scientific and technical scientific and technical research of excellence (REF.PSI2014 61744- EXP), whose principal investigator is VC. AT had a Universidad Complutense doctoral fellowship (CT42/18), and VP had a Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness doctoral Fellowship (BES-2017082015)
Is the Elite Female Athlete’s Pelvic Floor Stronger?
Full text linkBackground: Exercise can stress the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs). This study sought to assess the strength of the PFMs according to the level of physical exercise. Methods: An analytical observational study was carried out using digital palpation and dynamometry measurements to assess PF strength. Healthy nulliparous women were stratified according to physical exercise (physically active and sedentary) and level of physical exercise (elite, amateur, and sedentary). Results: Fifty-four women were analyzed, with a mean age of 25.64 (5.33) years and a BMI of 21.41 (2.96) kg/m2. Differences in the passive force and strength were observed between both groups of women (p 0.05), but statistical differences were found with amateurs (p < 0.05). The PFM strength (p = 0.019) of elite female athletes (0.34 N) was almost half that of amateurs (0.63 N) and twice as strong as that of sedentary women (0.20 N). However, these differences were not significant using digital palpation (p = 0.398). Conclusions: Women who exercise generally have greater PFM strength than women who do not exercise. Physical exercise could strengthen the PFM; however, the high intensity demanded by high-level sports does not seem to proportionally increase the strength of the PFMs
Borges y la India legendaria: una lectura de “Las ruinas circulares"
No full textEl trabajo demuestra, con el apoyo del manuscrito de 'Qué es el budismo' y otras referencias, cómo Jorge Luis Borges leyó y manejó algunas versiones y fuentes de las filosofías y obras clásicas de India a las que recurrió para idear la trama, temáticas y símbolos legendarios de su famoso cuento "Las ruinas circulares" de 1940. El análisis de la lectura borgeana de algunas ideas generales del budismo, del hinduismo y, especialmente, del Rāmāyaṇa (en concreto, del Yogavāsiṣṭha) descubre un sorprendente juego de influencias e intertextualidades entre su emblemática narración y la epopeya india
Effects of β-Alanine Supplementation on Subjects Performing High-Intensity Functional Training
Full text linkBackground: β-alanine, a non-essential amino acid found in the diet and produced through
nucleotide catabolism, is significant for muscle performance due to its role in carnosine synthesis.
This study aims to assess the impact of a 4-week β-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue
in individuals engaging in High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) and its subsequent effect on
sports performance, distinguishing between central fatigue from the CNS and peripheral fatigue from
the muscular system. Materials and methods: This study (a randomized controlled trial) comprised a
total of 27 subjects, who were divided into two groups. Group A (the control group) was administered
sucrose powder, while Group B (the experimental group) was given β-alanine powder. The subjects
were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. This study lasted four weeks,
during which both groups participated in high-intensity interval training (HIFT) on the first day to
induce fatigue and work close to their VO2 max. Results: Statistically significant changes were in
the sports performance variables, specifically vertical jump and jumping power (p = 0.027). These
changes were observed only in the group that had been supplemented with β-alanine. Nevertheless,
no alterations were observed in any other variables, including fatigue, metabolic intensity of exercise,
or perceived intensity (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A four-week β-alanine intake program demonstrated
an improvement in the capacity of subjects, as evidenced by enhanced vertical jump and power
performance. Nevertheless, it does result in discernible alterations in performance
Validation of an Instrument for Detecting Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents
Full text linkProblematic internet use (PIU) has drawn attention due to its potentially negative consequences on individuals’ social and personal lives. At present, a consensus on diagnostic criteria for problematic internet use remains elusive, leaving uncertainty regarding its classification as a distinct mental disorder. Extensive research efforts are underway to investigate its underlying causes, risk factors, and correlated adverse consequences. Nonetheless, research on problematic internet use (PIU) frequently faces challenges due to the absence of consistent and dependable evaluation methods, with many existing assessment tools lacking a solid theoretical basis. This study introduces a novel instrument that incorporates positive emotional regulation along with negative emotional regulation, compulsive use, and cognitive preoccupation, all crucial aspects of PIU. The study involved 3054 adolescents from Madrid, Spain, and employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to validate the instrument’s structure. The resulting four-factor model includes Positive Emotional Regulation, Negative Emotional Regulation, Compulsive Use, and Cognitive Preoccupation. The instrument demonstrates good internal consistency and an association with risk factors, as evidenced by correlations with time spent on various internet-related activities. This comprehensive tool enhances our understanding of PIU and its underlying cognitive and emotional processes and provides a valuable resource for assessing and addressing problematic internet use in adolescentsFECYT (FCT18-13622) and Mideloy S.L
Activación conductual para el tratamiento de la depresión resistente al tratamiento: modelo teórico y protocolo de intervención (AC-DRT)
Full text linkBackground: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe public health problem and a condition uncommonly addressed by psychological therapies. This paper presents a theoretical model, grounded in established learning principles and in the perspective of behavioral activation (BA), to explain its constitution and development. Method: A review of theoretical models and empirical research on TRD was conducted in major databases. Results: The model reflects how patients with TRD are more susceptible to becoming trapped in their condition by seeking to avoid discomfort through avoidance and escape behaviors, which increasingly drives them away from sources of positive reinforcement. Based on this model, a BA-based intervention protocol is suggested for the treatment of TRD. Through six phases (in a total of thirteen sessions), the protocol guides the intervention towards the reestablishment of personalized routines to increase the probability of reinforcement and reduce avoidance behaviors. Conclusions: Although the model holds significant potential to become an effective intervention in TRD, future research will allow the evaluation of the efficacy of the protocol as a standalone intervention.Antecedentes: La depresión resistente al tratamiento (DRT) constituye un severo problema de salud pública y es una condición poco abordada por las terapias psicológicas. En este artículo se presenta un modelo teórico, fundamentado en contrastados principios de aprendizaje y en el modelo de activación conductual (AC) para explicar su constitución y desarrollo. Método: Una revisión de los modelos teóricos y una investigación empírica de la depresión resistente al tratamiento se llevó a cabo a través de las principales bases de datos. Resultados: El modelo refleja cómo los pacientes con DRT son más propensos a quedar atrapados en su estado al procurar evitar el malestar por medio de comportamientos de evitación y escape, lo que les aleja cada vez más de las fuentes de reforzamiento positivo. A partir de este modelo se propone un protocolo de intervención basado en la AC para el tratamiento de la DRT. A través de seis fases (en un total de trece sesiones) el protocolo orienta la intervención hacia el restablecimiento de rutinas personalizadas para aumentar la probabilidad del refuerzo y reducir los comportamientos de evitación. Conclusiones: Aunque este modelo cuenta con un potencial significativo de llegar a ser una intervención eficaz en el tratamiento de la depresión resistente al tratamiento, la investigación futura permitirá medir la eficacia del protocolo como intervención única
Román Perpiñá Grau: el pensamiento económico de un epígono escolástico
Full text linkLa tesis versa sobre la vida y obra de Román Perpiñá Grau, un economista español del siglo XX el cual fuera pionero en los estudios de estructura económica en España. Además de esta faceta, la más conocida de nuestro autor, también se ha estudiado y analizado otras áreas en las que Román Perpiñá realizaría investigaciones, como la propagación de los pueblos o el colonialismo y la defensa del libre mercado internacional. Por último, esta tesis analiza en profundidad su pensamiento económico, cuyas principales influencias provienen de la escolástica y presenta un gran paralelismo con el ordoliberalismo