Gutenberg Open Science (Univ. Mainz)
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Perceptual and semantic maps in individual humans share structural features that predict creative abilities
No full textBuilding perceptual and associative links between internal representations is a fundamental neural process, allowing individuals to structure their knowledge about the world and combine it to enable efficient and creative behavior. In this context, the representational similarity between pairs of represented entities is thought to reflect their associative linkage at different levels of sensory processing, ranging from lower-order perceptual levels up to higher-order semantic levels. While recently specific structural features of semantic representational maps were linked with creative abilities of individual humans, it remains unclear if these features are also shared on lower level, perceptual maps. Here, we address this question by presenting 148 human participants with psychophysical scaling tasks, using two sets of independent and qualitatively distinct stimuli, to probe representational map structures in the lower-order auditory and the higher-order semantic domain. We quantify individual representational features with graph-theoretical measures and demonstrate a robust correlation of representational structures in the perceptual auditory and semantic modality. We delineate these shared representational features to predict multiple verbal standard measures of creativity, observing that both, semantic and auditory features, reflect creative abilities. Our findings indicate that the general, modality-overarching representational geometry of an individual is a relevant underpinning of creative thought
Die Unterscheidung von Myopie und Glaukom anhand der Optischen Kohärenztomographie
No full text116 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Einfluss des Schweregrades der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe auf die Häufigkeit der zentralen Apnoen im REM-Schlaf, sowie auf die Mikrostruktur der cortikalen respiratorischen Arousals
No full textOSA ist eine multifaktoriell bedingte Erkrankung, mit vielfältigen Symptomen und auch diversen komorbiden Erkrankungen. Trotz dessen beruht die Festlegung der Diagnose und auch die Einteilung des Schweregrades auf einem singulären Parameter, dem AHI. Mit dieser Arbeit, sollte an den neuesten, wissenschaftlichen Stand Anschluss genommen werden, dass ein singulärer Parameter zur Beschreibung des Schweregrades einer solch komplexen Erkrankung nicht ausreicht. Dahingehend wurden in einer retroperspektiven Studie, Zusammenhänge zwischen einem möglichen neuen Parameter, der „area under the curve of respiratory arousal“, kurz arousal-AUC und bereits bekannten Parametern, wie dem „hypoxic burden“, AHI und dem „arousal index“ gesucht. Ganz bewusst wurde sich für diese Darstellung ein Verfahren aus dem Bereich des Maschinellen Lernens entschieden, um auch dort an neuste Forschung Anschluss zu nehmen.
Dabei wurde in den polysomnographischen Datensätzen, der von OSA betroffenen Probanden und Probandinnen, eine klinisch bisher nicht beschriebene Auffälligkeit gefunden: Die Mehrheit der Probanden und Probandinnen hatten keinerlei zentralen Apnoen (CAE) im REM-Schlaf. Weiterhin konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass durch die Anpassung der REM-Schlafzeit auf die gesamte Schlafdauer, nur schwer betroffene OSA-Patienten vermehrt CAE im NREM, im Gegensatz zum REM-Schlaf, hatten. Daraus ist eine Folgepublikation entstanden, mit dem Ziel, in einer retroperspektiven, explorativen Studie, diesen neuen Befund zu beschreiben und mögliche, pathophysiologische Erklärungen zu finden.I, 32 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Tabelle
Greening the future of healthcare : implementation of sustainability strategies in German hospitals and beyond : a review
No full textThis study explores the implementation of sustainability measures within German hospitals, emphasizing their critical role in mitigating environmental impacts and promoting public health. The healthcare sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating urgent reforms in energy use, waste management, construction, transportation, and food systems. Key findings highlight the potential for hospitals to enhance energy efficiency, adopt renewable energy sources, and reduce waste through innovative technologies and sustainable practices. Initiatives such as green hospital designs, climate-conscious food systems, and sustainable procurement strategies are central to reducing the ecological footprint. Despite these opportunities, barriers such as workforce shortages, insufficient funding, and technical complexity hinder progress. Addressing these challenges through leadership commitment, resource allocation, and staff engagement is essential for aligning the healthcare sector with national and international sustainability goals. By prioritizing sustainability, hospitals can achieve long-term economic benefits, improve patient outcomes, and foster a healthier, more resilient society
Electrochemical one-step synthesis of alkyne sulfonates and sulfonamides : building blocks for highly substituted alkenes and 1,3-butadienes
No full textAlkyne motifs have a central place in organic synthesis due to their versatility as building blocks for complex molecule construction. The development of efficient and sustainable strategies for the synthesis of functionalized alkynes remains an utmost challenge in modern organic chemistry. Herein, we report a novel and efficient electrochemical multicomponent reaction (eMCR) that enables the one-step synthesis of valuable alkyne sulfonates and sulfonamides using SO2 stock solutions and electric current as a clean oxidant. The generated alkynyl sulfonates and sulfonamides serve as powerful synthetic intermediates, undergoing diverse downstream transformations, including regio- and stereoselective copper-catalyzed dimerizations, hydroarylations, and cyclizations, to access 1,3-dienes, highly substituted alkenes, and heterocycles. Moreover, this method enables late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its significant potential for natural product synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. The study underscores the promise of electrochemical MCRs as sustainable and versatile tools in modern synthetic methodology
Effects of cisplatin on the radiation response and DNA damage markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes ex vivo
No full textPlatinum-based radiochemotherapy is associated with hematologic side effects, impacting patient outcomes. However, the clinical mechanisms of cisplatin and its interaction with ionizing radiation (IR), including in biodosimetry for radiotherapy, have not yet been fully clarified. For this purpose, healthy donors’ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were pretreated with cisplatin in a pulse (1–4 h) or continuous (24 h) regimen followed by X-rays. DNA damage was assessed as DNA double-strand breaks using repair foci of γH2AX and 53BP1 after 0.5 h and 24 h in G1 PBLs and a proliferation-based cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Additionally, cell death and proliferation activity were measured. Unlike a 1 h pulse, a 24 h cisplatin pretreatment caused a concentration-dependent increase in cisplatin-induced foci while decreasing IR-induced foci, especially 24 h after irradiation. This was accompanied by increased apoptosis, with cisplatin and IR having additive effects. Both genotoxins alone caused a dose-dependent increase in micronuclei, while cisplatin significantly reduced binuclear cells, especially after the 24 h treatment, leading to lower micronuclei frequencies post-irradiation. Our results show that prolonged cisplatin exposure, even at low concentrations, impacts the vitality and division activity of PBLs, with significantly stronger effects post-irradiation. This has major implications and must be considered for the detection of DNA damage-associated biomarkers in PBLs used in clinical prediction or biodosimetry during radiotherapy
Xsurvey : web tool to query the set of homorepeats of all reference proteomes
No full textHomorepeats are low complexity regions in protein sequences composed of repetitions of one specific amino acid residue. There is currently no automatic way to compare the set of homorepeats between two or more species. Here we present Xsurvey, a web tool to query the set of homorepeats of 23,150 completely-sequenced proteomes. The polyX usage values can be easily compared visually, which simplifies the interpretation of the results
A synthetic sponge system against miRNAs of the miR-17/92 cluster targets transcriptional MYC dosage compensation in aneuploid cancer
No full textBackground: Genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, leads to copy number variations disrupting gene dosage balance and contributing to tumor progression. One of the most affected oncogenes is MYC, whose overexpression is tightly regulated to avoid cytotoxicity. In aneuploid cancer cells, gene dosage compensation mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) from the miR-17/92 cluster contribute in regulating MYC expression. Targeting this miRNA-mediated compensation system represents a promising therapeutic strategy leading to an uncontrolled and lethal MYC overexpression. Results: Synthetic miRNA sponges targeting miR-17, miR-19a, and miR-20a, key regulators of MYC dosage compensation, were designed and validated. Breast cancer cells (MCF7) with stable exogenous MYC overexpression were used to assess the impact of sponge constructs on MYC regulation. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a significant reduction in miRNA expression and a corresponding increase in endogenous MYC levels upon sponge treatment. Functional assays in multiple colorectal cancer cell lines with varying MYC copy numbers demonstrated a time-dependent increase in cell death following sponge transfection. Cytotoxic effects increased with MYC copy number, confirming a correlation between gene dosage sensitivity and therapeutic response. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that miRNA sponges targeting the miR-17/92 cluster can effectively disrupt MYC dosage compensation, leading to selective cytotoxicity in MYC-amplified cancer cells
The effectiveness of e-learning in focused cardiac ultrasound training : a prospective controlled study
No full textIntroduction
Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FOCUS) is an essential tool for rapid cardiac assessment across various clinical subspecialties. Consequently, teaching foundational FOCUS skills is of critical importance. This study investigates the effectiveness of e-learning in imparting FOCUS skills.
Materials and methods
This prospective, controlled study assessed competency development among medical students attending a FOCUS workshop (study group) at two time points: T1 (pre-training) and T2 (post-training, after completing e-learning). The competence gain of the group was compared to a reference group (control group) of physicians who had also used the e-learning in preparation for a certified FOCUS workshop. Objective competencies were measured at both time points using short-answer and multiple-choice theory tests. Subjective self-assessments of competencies and opinions of the e-learning were investigated through evaluation forms at T2 using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Demographic information was collected at T1, and user behaviour during e-learning was assessed at T2. Primary endpoints were the increase in theoretical competencies (study group) and the comparison of subjective and objective competency levels (study vs. reference).
Results
A total of 104 participants (study group = 48; reference group = 56) were included. The study group exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) increase in theoretical competencies. However, at T2 the reference group achieved significantly higher theoretical test scores (p < 0.001). One influencing factor was previous practical experience (p = 0.02), which was significantly higher in the reference group (p < 0.001). Both groups estimated their competency at the end of preparation to be at similar levels (4.3 ± 0.9 scalepoints [SP] versus 4.3 ± 1.0 SP; p = 0.94). Evaluation results of the e-learning were positive in both groups (5.8 ± 0.9 SP versus 6.2 ± 0.7 SP; p = 0.04), with results in the reference group being significantly higher.
Conclusion
Both the improvement in competencies and the positive reception of digital learning media should encourage the increased implementation of e-learning formats. This study shows that such formats in ultrasound training can effectively complement face-to-face workshops and should be included in certified training curricula
Das Jahr 2024 am i3mainz
No full textBericht über das i3mainz, Institut für Raumbezogene Informations- und Messtechnik im Jahr 2024: seine Projekte, das Team, die Zusammenarbeit mit der Fachrichtung Angewandte Informatik und Geodäsie der Hochschule Mainz und den Partnern aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft.
Im Fokus 2024: Altern auf dem Land: Mit Raumintelligenz zu integrierten Lösungen.87 Seite