Gutenberg Open Science (Univ. Mainz)
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Optic disc characteristics in children born preterm with and without ROP : results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study Young (GPESY)
Get PDFPurpose: We investigated optic nerve head morphology in children born preterm with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), focusing on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, minimal rim width (MRW), Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR) in relation to perinatal factors (gestational age [GA], birth weight [BW], perinatal adverse events [PAE]).
Methods: This prospective observational cohort included 793 former preterm children aged four to 17 years, stratified into late preterm (GA 33–36 weeks), moderate preterm (GA 29–32 weeks), extreme preterm (GA ≤28 weeks), preterm with untreated ROP, preterm with ROP treatment, and full-term controls (GA ≥37 weeks). Effects of perinatal factors on pRNFL, MRW, BMO area, and vCDR were evaluated.
Results: Extremely preterm children had a thinner pRNFL (β = −9.25, P < 0.001), except temporally. ROP-treated children showed thicker temporal (β = 43.31, P < 0.001) and inferotemporal (β = 20.97, P = 0.04) pRNFL but thinner superonasal sectors. PAE (β = −7.68, P < 0.001) and maternal smoking (temporal β = −12.02, P = 0.003) were associated with thinner pRNFL, whereas breastfeeding was linked to thicker pRNFL (β = 2.25, P = 0.003). MRW was thinner in extremely preterm infants, particularly inferiorly (inferotemporal β = −30.36, inferonasal β = −28.85, all P ≤ 0.02). VCDR was larger in extreme (β = 0.05, P = 0.001) and moderate (β = 0.04, P = 0.004) preterms. BMO area showed no associations.
Conclusions: Prematurity was associated with thinner pRNFL, smaller MRW, and larger vCDR. ROP treatment was linked to thicker temporal pRNFL and thicker MRW. PAE and maternal smoking were associated with thinner pRNFL, whereas breastfeeding correlated with greater thickness
Simulated mixing in the UTLS by small-scale turbulence using multi-scale chemistry-climate model MECO(n)
Get PDFThe chemical composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) plays an important role for the climate by affecting the radiation budget. Small-scale diabatic mixing like turbulence has a significant impact on the distribution of tracers which further affect the energy budget via their radiative impact. Current models usually have a higher vertical resolution near the surface and a coarser grid spacing in the free atmosphere, which is insufficient to resolve the occurrence of small-scale turbulence in the UTLS. In this work, we utilise enhanced vertical resolution (200 m in the UTLS) simulations focusing on mixing events in the Scandinavian region using the state-of-the-art multi-scale atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n). These model simulations are able to represent different distinct turbulent mixing events in the UTLS and depict a significant impact of mixing on the tracer distribution in the UTLS. A novel diagnostic (delta tracer–tracer correlation) is introduced to determine the direction of the vertical mixing. The strength of the UTLS turbulent mixing depends on the particular situation, i.e., the vertical tracer gradient, and dynamical and thermodynamical forcing, i.e., vertical wind shear, deformation and static stability. This work provides evidence that high-resolution simulations are able to represent significant turbulent mixing in the UTLS region, allowing for further research on the UTLS turbulent mixing and its implications for the climate system
Die Entwicklung von Endothelzelldichte der Hornhaut ex vivo und ihre Abhängigkeit von spenderspezifischen und präoperativen Kriterien
Get PDFDie rasante Entwicklung der Hornhautchirurgie resultiert im konstant ansteigenden Bedarf an
Spendergewebe. Weltweit stellt der Mangel an geeignetem Spendergewebe ein Problem dar
– auch in Deutschland ist die Spendenbereitschaft gering. Die Organisation von
Hornhautbanken ist mit hohen Material- und Personalkosten verbunden. Es sollte alles dafür
getan werden, den Verlust von entnommenem Gewebe zu verringern. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die
Identifikation von Faktoren, die sowohl eine positive als auch eine negative Entwicklung der
Endothelzellen zwischen der Hornhautentnahme und der Transplantation beeinflussen. Ein
weiteres Ziel besteht darin, zu untersuchen, ob bestimmte Transplantate bei der Kultivierung
in der Hornhautbank anhand ihrer Eigenschaften anders behandelt werden müssen als andere
Transplantate.79 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Gender-specific insights into adherence to Mediterranean diet and lifestyle : analysis of 4,000 responses from the MEDIET4ALL project
Get PDFBackground: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is widely recognized for its health benefits, though adherence varies across populations and is influenced by multiple lifestyle and demographic factors. This study examined MedDiet adherence patterns and their associations with lifestyle behaviors, with particular attention to gender differences in a large, multinational cohort.
Methods: Data were obtained via the MEDIET4ALL survey, an international cross-sectional study that included 4,010 participants (mean age: 36.04 ± 15.06 years; 59.5% female) across 10 countries. The evaluation of adherence to the MedDiet was conducted using the MedLife Index, a validated tool that assesses adherence to MedDiet patterns and lifestyle behaviors through three blocks: Mediterranean food consumption, MedDiet habits, and lifestyle behaviors. Additionally, validated instruments were used to measure associated factors, including perceived barriers to adherence, physical activity, sleep quality and disturbances, mental health, life satisfaction, social participation, and technology use behaviors.
Results: While total Mediterranean lifestyle (MedLife) scores showed no significant gender differences, women demonstrated better adherence to food consumption components (p < 0.001), while men showed greater physical activity and social participation. Women reported poorer sleep metrics (efficiency, latency, duration) and higher insomnia severity (all p < 0.05). Psychological distress was more prevalent among women, who also expressed greater needs for psychosocial and nutritional support (p < 0.001). The MedLifeMEDLIFE Index showed significant positive correlations with physical activity (r = 0.298), social participation (r = 0.227), and sleep satisfaction (r = 0.181), and negative correlations with mental health measures (insomnia: r = –0.137; depression: r = –0.115; stress: r = –0.089; anxiety: r = –0.076; all p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings reveal distinct gender-specific patterns in MedDiet adherence and associated lifestyle factors. These results underscore the need for differentiated public health approaches that address the unique behavioral and psychosocial needs of men and women to promote MedLife adoption
Quantum computing architecture with trapped ion crystals and fast Rydberg gates
Get PDFFast entangling gate operations are a fundamental prerequisite for quantum simulation and computation. We propose an entangling scheme for arbitrary pairs of ions in a linear crystal, harnessing the high electric polarizability of highly excited Rydberg states. An all-to-all quantum gate connectivity is based on an initialization of a pair of ions to a superposition of ground and Rydberg states by laser excitation, followed by the entangling gate operation, which relies on a state-dependent frequency shift of collective vibrational modes of the crystal. This gate operation requires applying an electric waveform to trap electrodes. Employing transverse collective modes of oscillation, we reveal operation times on the order of microseconds within any of the qubit pairs in a small crystal. In our calculation, we take into account realistic experimental conditions and feasible electric field ramps. The proposed gate operation is ready to be combined with a scalable processor architecture to reconfigure the qubit register, either by shuttling ions or by dynamically controlling optical tweezer potentials
Ancestral chromosome-level assemblies reveal posthybridization genome evolution in the New Mexico whiptail lizard (Aspidoscelis neomexicanus)
Get PDFUnisexual species of whiptail lizards in the genus Aspidoscelis arose by interspecific hybridization. They reproduce clonally through parthenogenesis and are thought to maintain the fixed heterozygosity that resulted from their hybrid origin by avoiding recombination between homeologous chromosomes. In the absence of chromosome-level assemblies for the sexual progenitor species, questions relating to the long-term consequences of clonal reproduction have remained largely unanswered. Here, we present chromosome-level genome assemblies for A. marmoratus and A. arizonae, the parental species of the unisexual A. neomexicanus. Using these references, we have analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from both wild and laboratory-reared A. neomexicanus individuals as well as newly generated F1 hybrids. Our analysis identified population-specific losses of heterozygosity affecting multiple syntenic chromosome pairs, demonstrating that homeologous chromosome pairing and recombination must occur at a low frequency and contribute to genome erosion in these unisexual lineages. The loss of heterozygosity patterns we observed further suggest that the genomes of unisexual lineages diverge over time more quickly than anticipated based on mutation accumulation alone. Our results establish genomic resources for Aspidoscelis and provide new insights into how genome structure can evolve in the absence of sexual reproduction
Surface density of mono- and trivalent high-mannan-derived targeting structures with different affinities impacts cellular uptake of human serum albumin-derived nanocarriers
Get PDFActively targeted delivery of nanocarriers (NC) modified with targeting structures (TS) binding to cell surface receptors, specific to target cells, enables enhanced selectivity and efficacy of cellular uptake. This is influenced by the ligand density on the NC surface. Herein, the impact of type, valency, and surface density of high-mannan derived TS on the C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-mediated uptake of human serum albumin (HSA)-based NCs in immune cell populations was investigated. Monovalent and trivalent TSs were prepared via efficient synthesis protocols and investigated regarding their affinity versus isolated carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) of CD206 and CD209 within a NanoDSF study. Conjugation to HSA resulted in low valency and saturated NCs with a well-defined mannose epitope count. An in vitro study with bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and splenic immune cells revealed the impact of the NC surface modification on cellular uptake and cell selectivity, allowing insights into the design of TSs and NCs
Vergleich der Lebensqualität bei alleiniger adjuvanter endokriner Therapie vs. alleiniger Radiotherapie bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom mit niedrigem Risikoprofil
Get PDFEpithelial-mesenchymale Transition und tumorinfiltrierende Immunzellen im duktalen Adenokarzinom des Pankreas Eine TMA-gestützte Analyse möglicher prognostischer Biomarker
Get PDFXIV, 82 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Neue Definition eines Frühwarn-Alarms vor Abfall der Sauerstoffsättigung bei Kindern < 2 Jahre beim Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI)
Get PDFDie Überwachung der Oxygenierung ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben des Anästhesisten während einer Narkose. Der aktuelle Goldstandard ist die Bestimmung der peripheren Sauerstoffsättigung mit Hilfe eines Pulsoxymeters. Allerdings kann die SpO2 ab einem Wert von 100 % keine Aussage mehr über die Entwicklung einer Hyperoxie treffen. Die einzige Alternative ist die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks in einer BGA. Dieser Wert ist allerdings nicht kontinuierlich bestimmbar und bedeutet für den Patienten bei jeder Messung einen Blutverlust. Ebenfalls gibt es keinen Alarm, der den Kliniker vor einer drohenden Entsättigung warnt. Der neue Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) ermöglicht mit einem zusätzlichen Pulsoxymeter mit Klebesensor, den Bereich der Oxygenierung jenseits von paO2-Werten von 100 mmHg, mit einem dimensionslosen Wert zwischen 0 und 1, darzustellen. Außerdem wird dem Anwender, durch eine Alarmierung des ORI-Wertes, ein drohender Abfall der Sauerstoffsättigung angezeigt. Gerade bei Kindern unter zwei Jahren wäre eine Implementierung dieser zusätzlichen Überwachungsmöglichkeit von Vorteil, da er eine kontinuierliche, nicht invasive Überwachung ermöglicht und den Anästhesisten früher vor einer Entsättigung warnt. Die Anwendung von ORI konnte bereits in einigen Studien bei Erwachsenen nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings fehlen bei Kindern und Neugeborenen noch aussagekräftige Ergebnisse.
100 Kinder unter zwei Jahren konnten mit Hilfe des neuen Pulsoxymeters gemessen werden. Sie zeigten eine breite Verteilung von Alter (0 bis 21 Monate), Gewicht (2 bis 13 kg) und Größe (40 bis 93 cm). Alle drei bestehenden ORI-Alarm-Definitionen konnten auch an diesem jungen Patientenkollektiv rechtzeitig vor einer drohenden Entsättigung warnen. Im besten Fall gelang dies durch den vom Hersteller vorgegebenen Alarm im Median 52 Sekunden vor einem Abfall der Sättigung von mind. 2 %. Allerdings konnte bei der Analyse der Fehlalarme, kein zufriedenstellender und klinisch verlässlicher Wert für Sensitivität (im besten Fall 54,6 %) und PPV (im besten Fall 30,8 %) ermittelt werden.
Aufgrund dieser Tatsache erfolgte eine Exploration einer besseren Definition eines Frühwarn-Alarms für Kinder unter zwei Jahren beim Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI). Der neue Alarm wurde so definiert, dass er alarmierte, wenn mindestens einer der vorher bestehenden Alarm-Definitionen ausgelöst wurde. So konnten insgesamt mehr korrekte Alarme (1241) ermittelt werden. Durch die Kombination der bestehenden Alarme konnte im Median 50 Sekunden vor einem Abfall der SpO2 gewarnt werden. Nach der Betrachtung der Fehlalarme ergab sich eine Sensitivität von 55,9 % und ein PPV von 21,8 %. Es gelang durch die neue Definition, weder eine Verlängerung der Frühwarn-Zeit noch eine Verbesserung von Sensitivität und PPV. Der neue ORI-Alarm kann also frühzeitig vor einem Abfall der Sättigung warnen, allerdings führte er zu keiner Verbesserung der Warnzeit und produzierte insgesamt zu viele Fehlalarme, um als verlässlicher neuer Parameter bei der Narkose von Kindern unter zwei Jahren implementiert zu werden.VII, 73 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm