Gutenberg Open Science (Univ. Mainz)
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Radiologische Verlaufskontrolle nach ESIN-Osteosynthese bei Unterarmschaftfrakturen von Kindern
Get PDFVII, 55 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Deep learning-based detection and classification of intracranial tumors on magnetic resonance imaging
Get PDF18 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Psychometric evaluation of the beliefs about stress scale in the German general population
Get PDFBackground:
Beliefs about stress significantly influence health outcomes. Reliable, economical scales are essential for assessing these beliefs to foster understanding on mechanisms by which stress mindsets affect health outcomes. Such understanding can inform interventions promoting adaptive stress perceptions and reducing chronic stress-related health risks.
Method:
This study assessed the Beliefs About Stress Scale (BASS) in a representative German sample (N = 2515). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate factorial validity and tested measurement invariance was tested across demographics, and the BASS's associations with related constructs were analyzed for convergent and discriminant validity.
Results:
The BASS demonstrated strong factorial validity, with a bifactor model offering superior fit to the three-factor structure. Measurement invariance analyses confirmed stability across demographics, though minor age-specific adjustments may improve interpretability. Positive beliefs about stress controllability and benefits were associated with healthier psychological outcomes, whereas negative stress beliefs linked to poorer mental health, underscoring the value of a “stress-is-enhancing” mindset. Normative data enhance the BASS's applicability in both research and clinical settings.
Conclusion:
The BASS exhibits robust validity and reliability, making it suitable for population-level applications and comparisons between groups. By clarifying the influence of stress mindsets on stress regulation, the BASS supports the development of mindset-based interventions that promote adaptive stress perceptions and help mitigate chronic stress risks
Die zelluläre und humorale Immunantwort nach SARS-CoV-2 Impfung unter Immunsuppression
Get PDFVIII, 77 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of natural products and their derivatives
Get PDFNatural products have shown great potential due to their biological properties and their bioactive components, which demonstrate multiple mechanisms of action and lower cytotoxicity compared to conventional synthetic drugs. This dissertation focuses on the therapeutic potential of chamomile molecules (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and curcumin analogues (from Curcuma longa L), as anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive agents.
In our investigations, an in silico virtual drug screening by molecular docking of 212 phytochemicals from chamomile revealed potential COX2 and NF-κB inhibitors, including β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, myricetin, lupeol, and quercetin. The in silico findings were validated through microscale thermophoresis and biochemical assays. The use of the various -omics facilitate the profiling of the bioactivity of these compounds. Furthermore, the bioinformatic analysis were then further verified through cytotoxicity assays using various cancer cell lines, and flow cytometric assays. These experiments allowed to demonstrate the potential to overcome resistance mechanisms associated with established anticancer drugs. In addition to evaluate their effect on modulating the reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, the immunofluorescence microscopy of α-tubulin revealed significant correlations between the chamomile compounds myricetin, lupeol, and quercetin and vincristine, a well-established microtubule inhibitor. Notably, lupeol and quercetin induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Further, western blot and RT-PCR assays were performed to highlights the involvement of the chamomile compounds in the regulation of immune response during inflammation.
Similarly, an extensive analysis of 50 curcumin derivatives demonstrated their binding affinity to key cancer-related target proteins, including EGFR and NF-κB. The study indicated that several curcumin analogues had a stronger binding affinity than curcumin itself, suggesting that their derivatization could lead to improved target specificity and enhanced efficacy as anticancer agents. This was supported by a variety of bioactivity assays, including resazurin cell viability, assessment of oxidative stress and lactate dehydrogenase assays.
In conclusion, our research highlights the ability of chamomile and curcumin derivatives to influence various biological processes within the cell and their therapeutic potential in treating inflammation and preventing cancer. Given the promising attributes of these natural products, it seems promising to further investigate them in in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in clinical trials.Getrennte Zählungen ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Gene expression atlas of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
Get PDFThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a major pest of potato crops, known for its remarkable ability to develop resistance to more than 50 pesticides. For decades, CPB has served as a model species for studying insecticide resistance, insect physiology, diapause, reproduction, and evolution. However, research progress on CPB has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic resources. Here, leveraging a recently established chromosome-level genome assembly, we constructed a gene expression atlas of CPB using transcriptomic data from 61 samples representing major organs and developmental stages. By integrating short- and long-read sequencing technologies, we enhanced the genome annotation and identified 6,623 additional genes that were previously undetected. Furthermore, we developed a web portal to facilitate the search and visualization of the gene expression atlas, providing an accessible resource for the research community. The CPB gene expression atlas offers valuable tools and comprehensive data that will accelerate future research in pest control and insect biology
Spontaneous mesoscale calcium dynamics reflect the development of the modular functional architecture of the mouse cerebral cortex
Get PDFThe mature cerebral cortex operates through the segregation and integration of specialized functions to generate complex cognitive states. In the mouse, the anatomical and functional correlates of this organization arise during the perinatal period and are critically shaped by neural activity. Understanding how early activity patterns distribute, interact, and generate large-scale cortical dynamics is essential to elucidate the proper development of the cortex. Here, we investigate spontaneous mesoscale cortical dynamics during the first two postnatal weeks by performing wide-field calcium imaging in GCaMP6s transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate a marked change in the spatiotemporal features of spontaneous cortical activity across fine stages of postnatal development. Already after birth, the cortical hemisphere presents a primordial macroscopic organization, which undergoes a steady refinement based on the parcellation of the cortex. As calcium activity transitions from large, widespread events to swift waves between the first and second postnatal week, significant topographic differences emerge across different cortical regions. Functional connectivity profiles of the cortex gradually segregate into main subnetworks and give rise to a highly modular network topology at the end of the second postnatal week. Overall, spontaneous mesoscale activity reflects the maturation of cortical networks, and reveals critical breakpoints in the development of the functional architecture of the cortex
Challenges in pediatric cardiac emergency care amid nursing and resource shortages in Germany
Get PDFObjectives:
Pediatric cardiac emergency care in Germany faces critical challenges due to ICU bed shortages, rigid healthcare policies, and nursing workforce deficits. The strict adherence to the Paediatric Cardiac Surgery Directive (PCSD) often prevents critically ill children from receiving timely life-saving interventions, as policies restrict their admission to adult intensive care units (AICUs), even in urgent situations.
Study design:
comparative cross-national report.
Methods:
This study employs a comparative approach, analyzing pediatric cardiac care models in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. These countries have implemented flexible, interdisciplinary strategies to address ICU capacity issues, ensuring critically ill children receive timely surgical and postoperative care. Literature from PubMed and national healthcare policy frameworks were reviewed to assess their applicability to Germany.
Results:
Findings indicate that integrating pediatric and adult intensive care services, along with flexible policy adaptations, can improve emergency care accessibility. International models emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration, specialized training for adult ICU staff, and structured transitional care for pediatric cardiac patients.
Conclusions:
Policy adaptations are required in the German healthcare system to enhance pediatric cardiac emergency care. Implementing flexible ICU admission protocols, cross-disciplinary training, and optimizing resource allocation can bridge critical gaps. A modernized, patient-centered approach is essential to ensuring equitable and timely access to life-saving pediatric cardiac interventions
Adaptation of the Spalax galili transcriptome to hypoxia may underlie the complex phenotype featuring longevity and cancer resistance
Get PDFIn the subterranean rodent (Nanno)spalax galili, evolutionary adaptation to hypoxia is correlated with longevity and tumor resistance. Adapted gene-regulatory networks of Spalax might pinpoint strategies to maintain health in humans. Comparing liver, kidney and spleen transcriptome data from Spalax and rat at hypoxia and normoxia, we identified differentially expressed gene pathways common to multiple organs in both species. Body-wide interspecies differences affected processes like cell death, antioxidant defense, DNA repair, energy metabolism, immune response and angiogenesis, which may play a crucial role in Spalax’s adaptation to environmental hypoxia. In all organs, transcription of genes for genome stability maintenance and DNA repair was elevated in Spalax versus rat, accompanied by lower expression of aerobic energy metabolism and proinflammatory genes. These transcriptomic changes might account for the extraordinary lifespan of Spalax and its cancer resistance. The identified gene networks present candidates for further investigating the molecular basis underlying the complex Spalax phenotype
Untersuchung der Gebrechlichkeit als Risikofaktor für die Rehospitalisierung von Patienten mit Leberzirrhose
Get PDFDie meisten chronischen Lebererkrankungen enden in einer Leberzirrhose, die weltweit zu Millionen Todesfällen führt. Die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten variiert je nach klinischen Dekompensationsereignissen. Um eine bessere Prognoseeinschätzung zu treffen, ist es daher besonders wichtig, Risikofaktoren frühzeitig zu identifizieren. (Serper et al. 2021; Lai et al. 2020) Ein Risikofaktor, der zur Verschlechterung des Krankheitsverlaufs beitragen kann, ist die Gebrechlichkeit. (Lai et al. 2017) Es bestehen einige Gründe für die Bestimmung der Gebrechlichkeit bei einer zirrhotischen Population, die typischerweise jünger als die geriatrische Population ist. Das Konzept der Gebrechlichkeit wurde bereits auf andere ähnliche Erkrankungen angewendet, die auch bei Patienten in nicht-geriatrischen Populationen auftreten, was darauf hinweist, dass die Zirrhose als ein Zustand beschleunigten physiologischen Alterns betrachtet werden kann. (Tandon et al. 2021) Außerdem ist es wichtig zu beachten, dass Patienten mit Leberzirrhose häufig eine Komorbidität mit Unterernährung haben. Darüber hinaus ist die Häufigkeit von Untergewicht und Sarkopenie, also dem Muskelabbau bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose, zwischen 23 und 60 Prozent. (Tandon et al. 2021) Entsprechend sind beide Komponenten eng mit der Gebrechlichkeit verbunden und wirken sich aufeinander multidimensional aus. (Lai et al. 2020) Die Pathogenese der Mangelernährung und Sarkopenie bei Zirrhose ist multifaktoriell, dabei fließen Aspekte wie eine Reduktion der Protein- und Kalorienaufnahme, sowie eine Hyperammonämie mit ein. Ein Ernährungsmanagement bei unterernährten Patienten mit Zirrhose und ein Screening nach Gebrechlichkeit könnten somit einen positiven Nutzen für die Verringerung der Mortalität erzielen. (Tandon et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2023) Es ist schwierig, im klinischen Alltag das Risiko für eine Rehospitalisierung von Patienten mit Leberzirrhose vorherzusagen. Zurzeit gibt es keine Informationen darüber, wie die Gebrechlichkeit das Risiko einer Rehospitalisierung bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose aus Europa beeinflusst. Um Hochrisikopatienten mit Leberzirrhose für eine kurzzeitige Rehospitalisierung zu identifizieren, könnten Messungen der Gebrechlichkeit bedeutende Hinweise liefern. In dieser Studie wurden Patienten mit Leberzirrhose am Ende ihres Krankenhausaufenthalts eingeschlossen und mit dem sogenannten Liver Frailty Index (LFI) auf das Vorhandensein von Gebrechlichkeit untersucht. Der LFI besteht aus verschiedenen Subtests, darunter Gleichgewichtsübungen, Handkraft und das Aufstehen von einem Stuhl innerhalb kurzer Zeit. Außerdem wurden spezifische Eigenschaften der Zirrhose ermittelt, die die Schwere der Krankheit präziser darstellen.
Die Ziele der hiervorliegenden Promotionsarbeit waren:
- Untersuchung der Prävalenz von Gebrechlichkeit bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose am Ende ihres jeweiligen stationären Aufenthalts.
- Untersuchung des prädiktiven Nutzens von Gebrechlichkeit definiert durch den sogenannten ,,Liver Frailty Index‘‘ (LFI) zur Vorhersage einer Rehospitalisierung innerhalb von 30 Tagen nach stationärer Entlassung.III, 74 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm