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Die klinische Relevanz des Vitamin D-Rezeptors im Kopf- Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinom
No full textXIX, 98 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
From physical computing to physical AI : challenges in teaching robotics and AI in creative contexts
Get PDFThis article outlines the development of an educational program that integrates artificial intelligence, computer vision, and robotics into arts education. Developed at the Robotics Lab of the University of Art and Design Offenbach am Main, the curriculum combines foundational training in physical computing with more advanced applications of AI technologies, including computer vision and industrial robotics. Through a constructivist teaching approach and access to a fully equipped lab with digital fabrication tools, students from art and design backgrounds progressively acquired technical fluency while fostering creative experimentation. The advanced course introduced the concept of Physical AI pipelines, in which intelligent models operate physical systems such as actuators and robotic arms. Final projects ranged from interactive sculptures to responsive robotic installations, illustrating how emerging technologies can meaningfully expand artistic practice. The program’s structure, methodology, and results provide a transferable model for embedding AI and robotics into creative education
Robotic placement of experimental prototypes for wireless gastric electrical stimulation
Get PDFIntroduction
Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an effective treatment for gastroparesis. However, the available devices are equipped with bulky batteries that need to be replaced regularly by surgery.
Methods
Our new implantable system consists of only 6 passive components in addition to a diode and does not require a battery. Two acute porcine experiments were carried out with a robotic surgical system for placement of the prototypes. The stimulation parameters were set with an extracorporeal unit and GES was performed. The recorded electromyography (EMG) signal was subjected to a multiresolution analysis.
Results
The robot-assisted placement of the prototypes was successful. The inductive energy transfer was confirmed to be functional and EMG analysis revealed changes in gastric electrical activity.
Conclusions
Further technological and rapid regulatory solutions are being sought in order to start a clinical trial with the next generation devices in the near future
Undifferentiated intimal sarcoma of the visceral aorta with recurrent renovisceral ischaemia misdiagnosed as takayasu's arteritis
Get PDFIntroduction:
Malignant tumours of the aorta are a rare disease and often misdiagnosed as they masquerade as wall adjacent thrombus or inflammatory disease. Due to the often delayed diagnosis and the rapidly progressing illness, the outcome is very poor.
Report:
A 50 year old female patient who had received coeliac and mesenteric artery stenting followed by an aortomesenteric bypass after stent occlusion two years earlier was treated. After an episode of hypertensive crisis caused by high grade stenosis of the renal arteries and review of previous tissue biopsies the diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis was established, but the results were inconclusive. When presenting with a penetrating aneurysm of the renovisceral aorta, a complete reconstruction was performed of the renovisceral aorta due to impending rupture. Pre-operative imaging incidentally showed a sarcoma of the femur which was interpreted as an unrelated entity at the time. Finally, two years after the onset of the first symptoms, the diagnosis of an undifferentiated intimal sarcoma was established after extensive histological workup. However, the patient's condition deteriorated too quickly for her to recover as she had already developed multiple distant metastases and she died within three months of surgery.
Discussion:
Due to its extreme rarity, this disease is not widely recognised, even among specialists. Accordingly, the patient was initially misdiagnosed and a malignant process was not considered. An accurate diagnosis at the time of the first open surgery might have presented the opportunity for radical resection of the affected aorta. Unfortunately, there are no non-invasive tools available to diagnose intimal sarcoma and, given the rapid progression of the disease, the prognosis remains poor, with a survival of only a few months
How bulk chemistry affects surface adaptation
Get PDFDie Benetzungseigenschaften von Oberflächen spielen unter anderem in der Natur und bei industriellen
Prozessen eine wichtige Rolle. Durch den Kontakt mit Flüssigkeiten können sich die Eigenschaften von
Oberflächen verändern. Dieser Effekt wird als Oberflächenadaptation bezeichnet. Um z.B. schützende
Beschichtungen herzustellen oder zu optimieren, ist es wichtig, den Einfluss der Oberflächenadaptation
zu verstehen.
Bei Polymeroberflächen können das Quellen oder die Umorientierung der Polymerketten zur Oberflächenadaptation
führen. In meiner Dissertation habe ich hydrophile-b-hydrophobe Diblock Copolymer
Bürsten synthetisiert. Ich habe die folgenden zwei Parameter variiert, um das Adaptationsverhalten der
Polymeroberflächen in Gegenwart von Wasser zu erforschen. Zum einen wurden die Schichtdicken des
hydrophilen und des hydrophoben Blocks variiert. Zum anderen wurde das Verhältnis der Polymerketten-
Dichte zwischen hydrophobem und hydrophilem Block verwendet. Ab einer Schichtdicke des hydrophoben
Blocks von ≈ 25 nm, konnte keine Oberflächenadaptation beobachtet werden konnte. Hierbei war die
Schichtdicke des hydrophoben Blocks der entscheidende Parameter für das Benetzungsverhalten der Oberfläche.
Mit abnehmender Schichtdicke, wurde das Verhältnis der Polymerketten-Dichte zwischen hydrophobem
und hydrophilem Block für das Benetzungsverhalten relevant. Mit abnehmendem Verhältnis
der Polymerketten-Dichte zwischen hydrophobem und hydrophilem Block konnte Oberflächenadaptation
beobachtet werden. Mit zunehmendem Verhältnis der Polymerketten-Dichte zwischen hydrophobem und
hydrophilem Block, wurde der hydrophile Block abgeschirmt. Selbst bei einer Schichtdicke von ≈ 6 nm,
konnte kein adaptives Verhalten beobachtet werden.
Weiterhin wurde untersucht, wie die Vernetzung von Polymerketten das Benetzungsverhalten von Copolymeroberflächen
beeinflusst. Dazu wurde ein Coumarin-haltiges Copolymer synthetisiert. Unter langwelliger
UV-Bestrahlung konnte die Vernetzung der Polymerketten beobachtet werden. Unter kurzwelliger
UV-Bestrahlung wurden die Bindungen zwischen den Polymerketten wieder gespalten. Es konnte gezeigt
werden, dass die Reibungskraft eines Wassertropfens auf der Oberfläche durch die Vernetzung der Polymerbürsten
beeinflusst wird.
Bei der Benetzung einer Oberfläche kann auch die Ausbildung einer elektronischen Doppelschicht zur
Oberflächenadaptation führen. Gleitet beispielsweise ein Wassertropfen über eine hydrophobe Oberfläche
herunter, so lädt sich der Tropfen elektrisch auf. Die Gegenladung verbleibt an der Oberfläche.
Dieses Phänomen wird als "slide electrification" bezeichnet. Die Rolle der Oberflächenadaptaion in slide
electrifcation auf fluorierten monomolekularen Schichten ist nicht bekannt. In meiner Dissertation habe
ich verschiedene Gläser mit einem Monochlorosilan und einem Trichlorosilan fluoriert. Anschließend
wurden die Tropfenladung und der Kontaktwinkel auf der fluorierten Oberflächen gemssen. Der Kontaktwinkel
wurde mit einem modifizierten Goniometer gemessen. Im Vergleich zum Monochlorosilan war
die Tropfenladung auf der Trichlorosilanoberfläche hoch und abhänging von den chemischen und physiklaischen
Eigenschaften des Substrates. Mit Hilfe der modifizierten Kontaktwinkelmessung konnte gezeigt
werden, dass die hohe Tropfenladung zur Oberflächenadaptation führt.Getrennte Zählungen ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
(3Z)-4-Methyl-9-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-N-phenyl-3H,9H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]indol-3-imine
Get PDFThe title indolothiopyrane imine, C25H20N2O2S2, which was prepared by a [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both adopt the shape of a staircase with two steps, consolidated by intramolecular C—H⋯O interactions
Towards the role of the skin microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Get PDFMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with primary skin involvement. Its aetiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood, partly due to pronounced clinical and transcriptional heterogeneity. This cumulative dissertation presents a multi-omics investigation into the role of the skin microbiome in MF pathobiology, encompassing metagenomic, transcriptomic, virologic, and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing data from patient-matched lesional and nonlesional skin. In addition, functional assays were performed on patient-derived skin isolates.
Publication 1 reviews the interplay between transcriptional heterogeneity and the skin microbiota in CTCL, proposing a reciprocal relationship between neoplastic T-cell signalling and microbial colonisation.
Publication 2 provides the first conclusive evidence for taxonomic and functional microbiome shifts on MF skin. It identifies a distinct subgroup of patients (ΔSA-positive) with increased lesional abundance of Staphylococcus aureus, reduced microbial diversity, a restricted TCR repertoire, and inferior clinical outcome. Lesional isolates of ΔSA-positive S. aureus exhibited resistance to cutaneous antimicrobial peptides, which were ectopically expressed and may have contributed to commensal flora eradication. This strain also harboured mutant spa, a virulence factor known to activate NF-κB signalling, thereby supporting a functional role in disease progression.
Publication 3 shows that transcriptional heterogeneity may reflect differences in T-cell signalling activity. Multi-omic data integration revealed ΔSA-positive S. aureus strain-driven activation of non-canonical NF-κB and IL-1β signalling, both implicated in T-cell activation and MF progression. Importantly, denoising the skin transcriptome from microbial influence resolved the observed differential expression pattern. Additionally, antiviral signatures and Epstein–Barr virus reactivity in blood and skin suggest a two-hit model of MF aetiopathogenesis involving viral and bacterial triggers.
Together, this thesis positions the skin microbiome as a clinically relevant modulator of MF biology. The findings support S. aureus as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target and lay the groundwork for microbiome-informed precision medicine.XI, 206 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramm
Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on results in the animal naming test in patients with and without liver cirrhosis
Get PDFIntroduction and objectives
Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and cognitive dysfunction. The simplified Animal Naming Test (S-ANT1) has been established for detecting minimal HE (MHE). It is currently unknown whether S-ANT1 results are affected by diabetes mellitus in patients with and without cirrhosis.
Materials and methods
This study analyzed data from 268 patients with cirrhosis without signs of HE ≥ 1. MHE was defined using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). All patients were also tested with S-ANT1. 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome but no cirrhosis, as well as 37 healthy controls, were also tested with S-ANT1 and served as controls.
Results
Type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in 79 (29.5%) patients with cirrhosis and MHE according to PHES was detected in 81 (30.2%) patients. In the total cohort, results in S-ANT1 did not differ between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (19 vs. 20 animals, p = 0.108). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only variables independently associated with performance in S-ANT1 were PHES-MHE, school education, sodium, and age, while diabetes mellitus was not. Patients with diabetic foot syndrome but no cirrhosis performed poorer in S-ANT1 compared to healthy controls, while patients with cirrhosis and MHE performed poorer than patients with diabetic foot syndrome.
Conclusion
S-ANT1 seems to be usable for screening for MHE in patients with cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, while one might be more cautious when interpreting results in patients with diabetes-related complications
The frosty frontier : redefining the mid-latitude tropopause using the relative humidity over ice
Get PDFThe tropopause represents a central feature of the atmospheric vertical structure, marking the transition between the troposphere and stratosphere. While common definitions rely on quantities conserved under adiabatic changes, diabatic effects, resulting from radiation, cloud processes or turbulence are also decisive for the tropopause structure. Therefore, we propose a new definition based on the vertical gradient of the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi). RHi is the key variable for ice cloud formation and incorporates both diabatic and adiabatic processes. Based on high-resolution radiosonde data, we can show that our RHi-GT-based definition is generally consistent with, and often provides a clearer characterization than the thermal tropopause. This is not only evident in individual vertical profiles, but also when looking at statistics of many profiles with a tropopause-relative height axis. Last but not least, the robust and simple calculation of our definition makes it an ideal tool for studies involving the tropopause