Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
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Robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
No full textRobot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) is an increasingly adopted minimally invasive option for carefully selected patients with testicular germ-cell tumours. We performed a narrative (non-systematic) review of retrospective single- and multicentre cohorts from high-volume programmes to appraise peri-operative safety, functional preservation, and oncologic control in primary and post-chemotherapy settings. In primary disease (typically clinical stage I–IIA/B), representative medians across series from expert centres include estimated blood loss of ~ 50 to 200 mL, hospital stay of 1–2 days, and nodal yields of ~ 19 to 32; major complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥ III) are uncommon (~ 0 to 10%), and antegrade ejaculation is usually preserved (often ≥ 85 to 100%) when nerve-sparing templates are applied. In post-chemotherapy cohorts—generally limited to smaller, peripherally located residual masses with favourable biology—robotic RPLND is feasible but technically demanding, with reported conversion rates of ~ 0 to 13% and major complication rates of ~ 10 to 20%; chylous complications remain a notable risk. Across available retrospective comparative series, including propensity-matched cohorts, R-RPLND has been associated with lower estimated blood loss and shorter hospitalisation than open RPLND (for example, ~ 200 vs 300 mL and 1 vs 5 days in a matched primary cohort; ~ 235 vs 825 mL and 2 vs 7 days in post-chemotherapy series), at the cost of longer operative time, while nodal yields and short-term oncologic outcomes appear comparable; these non-randomised data are descriptive and subject to selection and centre bias rather than proof of causality. For carefully staged seminoma IIA/B (≤ 3 cm nodes), contemporary guidelines permit RPLND as a chemotherapy-sparing option (Moderate recommendation; Evidence Level B), consistent with phase II data showing high 2–3-year disease control after primary RPLND. Centralisation and experience are critical: population-based analyses suggest fewer in-hospital complications and shorter hospital stays with robotic cases, and learning-curve data show improving efficiency and safety as programmes mature. Overall, when undertaken by experienced teams in high-volume centres, R-RPLND offers low blood loss, short hospitalisation, favourable ejaculatory outcomes, and low in-field recurrence for appropriately selected patients, while requiring judicious case selection and a low threshold for conversion in technically demanding post-chemotherapy disease
Hydrochar from garden waste enhances drought tolerance in sunflower via soil-plant-gene interactions
No full textEnhancing crop drought resilience is essential for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. Among potential strategies, hydrochar (HC), a carbon-rich product of hydrothermal carbonization, represents a promising soil amendment. We hypothesized that HC enhances drought tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. through coordinated soil-plant-gene interactions that modulate water retention, plant hydraulics, and drought-responsive gene networks. Using a multiscale approach combining soil physicochemical analyses, plant physiology, and transcriptomics, we assessed the effects of garden waste-derived HC on H. annuus under well-watered and waterlimited conditions. HC application improved soil water retention without altering key chemical parameters and enhanced plant hydraulics. Across irrigation regimes, HC-treated plants showed greater biomass accumulation and photosynthetic capacity. During drought, HC mitigated stress by maintaining leaf water potential and membrane integrity, and by promoting a more negative turgor loss point via osmotic adjustment and increased cell wall stiffness. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HC modulated drought-responsive genes, including transcription factors (e.g., WRKY51, bZIP11) and genes involved in osmotic regulation, antioxidant defense, and hormonal signaling. The distinct molecular signature in HC-treated plants under drought suggests a priming effect that sustains physiological function under stress. This study provides novel evidence linking HC-induced soil enhancement to molecular drought responses in crops, highlighting HC's potential as a circular input for improving adaptation and productivity in climate-resilient agroecosystems
Technostress and Organizational Sustainability. Stress Management, Emotion, and Well-being
No full textAuthority and trust in the fulfillment of tax obligations: the vision of Italian comedy
No full textTrust and the relationship with authority are fundamental variables for the correct fulfilment of tax obligations: in a “synergistic” social climate, characterized by trust between citizens and authorities, taxpayers are intrinsically motivated to pay taxes honestly
and spontaneously; conversely, in a climate of mistrust between taxpayers and institutions, compliance with tax rules is promoted by extrinsic motivations, such as fear of authority and punishment. The cinematic vision, particularly that of Italian comedy, highlights the fragile ethical foundations of tax obligations and captures the complexity of
the Italian political and social landscape, in which, on the one hand, the role of authority
in the system is emphasized and, on the other, the resources necessary for that authority
to operate are systematically withhel
Witnessing the murder of their mother: Gender differences and psychological and behavioral consequences in orphans from Intimate Partner Violence
No full textPurpose. The aim of the present study was twofold: (a) investigating the psychological and behavioral consequences in children orphaned by intimate partner femicide (IPF), and (b) examining the role of sex as a potential individual risk factor, also in interaction with the presence (vs. no presence) of orphans during the fatal event, which represents a high-risk contextual factor in the development of psychological and behavioral consequences.
Method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers of 62 children and adolescent orphans of IPF victims. Psychological and behavioral consequences were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A 2 × 2 analysis of variance was performed on each scale of the CBCL, simultaneously considering the effect of sex and presence (vs. no presence) during the fatal event, while controlling for children’s age at the time of the murder.
Results. Regardless of sex, a main effect of presence during the fatal event was found for internalizing problems, specifically in the “Anxious/Depressed” and “Withdrawn” scales. A sex effect emerged for the “Somatic complaints” scale, with girls showing higher scores than boys, regardless of presence during the fatal event. Moreover, compared to boys, girls who witnessed the violent death showed higher scores in the “Rule-breaking” and “Aggressive” scales, as well as greater overall
externalizing problems.
Conclusions. These findings highlight the severe psychological and behavioral consequences faced by orphans of IPF, especially for girls exposed to the fatal event. Understanding these consequences is essential for developing effective support interventions and preventing secondary victimization
Pietroni, L., Balsamo, M. F., Cangelosi, G. F., Design through Nature. Le strategie di sopravvivenza attuate dalla natura utili al design di prodotto, in Pietroni, L., Turrini, D. (a cura di), Design for Survival. Proposte responsabili per un futuro oltre la crisi, Giunti, 2025, pp. 94-97.
No full textIl contributo si incentra sulle relazioni tra biomimesi, design di prodotto e sostenibilità ambientale, evidenziando quanto oggi più che mai la natura sia mentore, misura e modello per il design sostenibile e circolare. Le strategie di sopravvivenza attuate dalla natura rappresentano un’importante fonte di ispirazione per la progettazione di prodotti industriali sostenibili. Nel corso della loro evoluzione, le specie hanno sviluppato strategie adattative per resistere a condizioni ambientali critiche. Il design bio-ispirato, basato sull’osservazione scientifica dei meccanismi naturali e sulla loro traduzione in criteri progettuali, consente di incrementare l’efficienza, l’adattabilità e la sostenibilità degli artefatti. Il contributo esplora alcune delle strategie di sopravvivenza osservabili in natura di particolare interesse per il design e ne analizza la potenziale trasposizione nel processo progettuale. Tra queste, la strategia della modularità, che consente una configurazione adattabile e duratura, attraverso la ripetizione di segmenti e moduli dotati di funzioni autonome, o la strategia della ridondanza che consente agli esseri viventi di avere solidità e tolleranza alle avversità. Il trasferimento di tali strategie al design può avvenire attraverso un’osservazione e lettura multiscalare: il livello meso ispira l’integrazione di criteri e funzioni nel prodotto, il micro suggerisce configurazioni morfologiche-strutturali dei materiali, mentre il macro offre modelli cooperativi per sistemi complessi. Le strategie di sopravvivenza della natura possono essere tradotte in linee guida utili per promuovere una cultura del design orientata alla sostenibilità e all’economia circolare. In questa prospettiva, l’Unità di Ricerca in Design della Scuola di Architettura e Design dell’Università di Camerino ha avviato il progetto di un Laboratorio di “Bio-ispirazione per Designer” in collaborazione con biologi e fisici dell’Ateneo. Il laboratorio intende offrire uno spazio di ricerca e sperimentazione per facilitare l’osservazione dei fenomeni naturali e la loro traduzione in soluzioni progettuali
Cultural Heritage in the Metaverse and the Impact of AI: Amplifying Creativity and Legal Protection in the Virtual World
No full textThis article explores the intricate legal framework surrounding cultural heritage within the expanding domain of the metaverse. It begins with a succinct overview of the metaverse concept before delving into its legal ramifications, particu-larly concerning the protection and ownership of digital assets that symbolize cultural heritage. The discussion contrasts traditional methods of cultural preservation with the digitization process, raising significant inquiries about authenticity and owner-ship rights. Additionally, the ephemeral nature of digital artworks within the meta-verse introduces unprecedented challenges for legal frameworks, due to the intrinsic fluidity and replicability of virtual assets. Ultimately, the article assesses current legal mechanisms designed to protect cultural property and evaluates their relevance in the virtual realm, underscoring the necessity for adaptive legal frameworks that harmonize the safeguarding of cultural heritage with the innovative landscape of the metaverse
Investigation on Liquid Cooling of Lithium-Based Batteries in Phase Change Materials Using Metal Foams: A Numerical Approach
No full textBody percussion and educational processes: Embodied perspectives and teaching applications with ADHD students.
No full textThe research investigates the effectiveness of Body Percussion as a motormusical practice in education, with particular attention to pupils with ADHD, within the paradigm of Embodied Cognition, which emphasizes the role of the body in cognitive, emotional and relational processes. The sample involved 106 primary and secondary school students: 75 included in the experimental group, subjected to weekly two-hour workshops for four months, and 31 in the control group, engaged in motor activities without musical components. The integrated analysis, based on quantitative and qualitative data (ANOVA with repeated measures, pre/post t-tests and systematic observations), showed significant improvements in the experimental group in almost all the macro-areas analysed, in particular motor-musical technique, involvement, inclusion and group cohesion (Cohen’s d = 0.65-1.39), while the control group showed no relevant changes. The subgroup with ADHD also benefited above all in social cohesion and active participation. The results confirm Body Percussion as an inclusive methodology that promotes cognitive development, social-emotional skills and psychophysical well-being