Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
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Clarifying follow‐up duration, risk features and limitations in longitudinal melanonychia monitoring
No full textDesign and Evaluation of a Privacy-Preserving Multi-Level Federated Learning Architecture for Airport Biometric Check-in
No full textThe rapid adoption of automated airport check-in systems using facial recognition raises significant privacy concerns due to their reliance on centralized deep learning models that store and transmit biometric data from edge devices. While Federated Learning (FL) is a promising approach for privacy preservation, its effectiveness in biometric identification remains underexplored, particularly in real-world environments like airports. This study assesses the privacy implications of FL in facial recognition by comparing three architectures. A first centralized system, where biometric data is sent to a central server for model training and inference, posing significant privacy risks. The second is a one-level FL architecture, where biometric data remains on local devices, and only model updates are shared with a central aggregator. The third is a two-level FL architecture, introducing an additional aggregation layer among airlines to enhance model generalization while preserving privacy. To ensure a rigorous privacy preservation evaluation, we integrate both quantitative and qualitative metrics. For the quantitative assessment, we leverage the Privacy Meter Tool, which enables simulations of Membership Inference Attacks and the application of Differential Privacy as a mitigation technique. For the qualitative evaluation, we conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment to analyze potential privacy risks from a regulatory perspective. Additionally, we assess model accuracy, computational efficiency, and communication overhead to determine FL’s feasibility in large-scale airport environments. Our results show that while FL significantly reduces privacy risks, the two-level FL approach introduces new vulnerabilities, such as model poisoning risks and privacy-utility trade-offs, requiring further mitigation strategies like D
Mafiosi e confino di polizia dal fascismo alla nascita della Repubblica
No full textQuesto volume raccoglie gli atti del convegno Destra radicale, concezione dello Stato e criminalità organizzata. Dal regime fascista alle Commissioni antimafia tenutosi a Campobasso tra il 5 e il 6 dicembre 2024, nell’ambito delle attività del Prin 2022 – Nazioni in armi. Violenza, istituzioni e società nel Mezzogiorno contemporaneo 1794-2022. La decisione di dedicare la due giorni al tema delle organizzazioni criminali e, più in particolare, al loro rapporto con la cultura istituzionale della destra radicale nasceva, paradossalmente, dalla presa d’atto dell’apparente marginalità mafiosa delle aree interne sulle quali insiste l’Università del Molise. Ma a fronte di questo dato di fatto, l'ipotesi di lavoro era quella di un’indiscutibile valenza nazionale dei fenomeni criminali di lunga durata che, sebbene germogliati nel Mezzogiorno borbonico nei primi decenni dell’Ottocento, si consolidavano e prosperavano nel corso di tutta la successiva vicenda unitaria del Paese
La centralità della fiducia e del rapporto con l’Autorità nell’adempimento dell’obbligazione tributaria: le indicazioni ritraibili dagli studi psico-sociali e di “Law and Cinema”
No full textIl saggio, attraverso l’analisi dei risultati di alcuni studi psico-sociali e l’impiego degli
strumenti propri del filone di indagine Law and literature e, in particolare, di “Law
and Cinema”, si sofferma sul ruolo della fiducia nel rapporto tra contribuente e
Autorità fiscale, verificando come essa incida sull’adempimento tributario. Si
sottolinea il ruolo decisivo, nel contrasto all’evasione, dell’approccio culturale e
valoriale, fondato sul recupero del pactum societatis e su una rinnovata concezione del
rapporto d’autorità e del consenso
Evaluation of molecular mechanisms of (Z)-3-(pentadec-10′-enyl)-catechol (litreol) and synthetic derivatives as inhibitors of human leukotriene biosynthesis
No full text5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the early steps of leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, making it an attractive target for anti-inflammatory drug development. This study provides a more detailed evaluation of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of litreol (CI), a natural compound from the Anacardiaceae family, along with its synthetic derivatives (CS, AS, and AI). The synthesis and biological evaluation of litreol analogs have already been previously published. Therefore, the aim of this article is to further explore their mechanisms of action, providing a more thorough investigation into their effects on 5-LO. Using both isolated human recombinant 5-LO in cell-free systems and cell-based assays, we evaluated the impact of the synthesized compounds on 5-LO product formation. Among them, CI and CS emerged as potent inhibitors, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.26 mu M and 0.80 mu M in neutrophils, and 0.06 mu M and 0.15 mu M in cell-free assays, respectively. Notably, CI exhibited 2.5to 3-fold greater potency compared to its hydrogenated analogue, CS. Both compounds also showed inhibitory activity against 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) with IC50 of 3.15 and 5.10 mu M, respectively. Moreover, CI prevented the 5-LO/FLAP protein interaction and blocked both ERK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathways required for 5-LO activation. Conversely, AS and AI derivatives did not show significant 5-LO inhibitory effects. Computational studies revealed that the differing binding modes and stability of CI and CS at the allosteric site of 5-LO explain their varying inhibitory effects. CI forms a stronger interaction network, supporting its higher potency, while CS shows greater flexibility and weaker interactions, correlating with lower activity. Additionally, the free catechol group is essential for activity, as its acetylation leads to loss of function. Overall, our findings highlight CI as a promising 5-LO inhibitor, in intact human leukocytes accounting for a novel potent antiinflammatory compound
Real-world experience with selumetinib in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a multicentric retrospective study
No full textPurpose: Selumetinib is a MEK inhibitor indicated for pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and symptomatic inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 70 patients (aged 3 − 18 years) with NF1 and symptomatic inoperable PNs treated with selumetinib as part of compassionate use at 11 Italian centers between October 2018 and October 2024. Assessments included the clinical benefit rate (CBR) after 24 months and at the last observation. Major response (MR) was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction from baseline in tumor volume. Adverse events (AEs), patient-reported pain and quality of life (QoL), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), were also evaluated. Results: Of 45/70 patients with available natural history data at C0, 33/45 (73.3%) had progressive disease (PD). Radiological evaluation at C6 in 17/33 patients showed 16 (94.1%) had stable disease (SD) or partial response (PR). 52/58 patients (91.5%) had SD or PR/MR at C12; final response at last radiological follow-up was PD (7.7%), SD (42.3%), PR (30.8%) and MR (19.2%). CBR was 83.3% (24/70) at C24 and 91.5% (43/47) at last radiological follow-up. Selumetinib significantly reduced pain perception and improved QoL and ECOG PS. The type of response at C6 seems to predict response at C12 and at last observation. Adverse events were generally mild (78% grade ≤ 2). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the response after 6 and 12 selumetinib cycles may predict long-term outcomes, providing clinicians with an early indicator for therapeutic decision-making. Trial registration number: Not applicable
Three Albanian cultural centers in comparison under an acoustic perspective
No full textAfter the World War II, Albania was governed by a dictatorship that lasted for about 50 years. The cultural life restarted to be one of the main centers of the society community. Many buildings styles reflected the influence of governors as leaders of countries, in combination with the spread of armed concrete used as the main material for new constructions, given its flexibility compared to brickwork that was not yet developed as it is nowadays. In Albania, many cultural centers were constructed for the local community where citizens can have access to libraries, coffee shops, and auditoria. These latest ones represent the places where live shows are performed, along with international conferences. This paper deals with the assessment of the acoustic response gathered within three auditoria as part of cultural centers in Albania. The acoustic measurements were carried out in accordance with ISO 3382-1. The acoustic response recorded inside the three case studies indicate a good listening condition for both speech and music performance. This outcome has been found in all three auditoria, despite the room volume between each other is different
