Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
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Innovazione tecnologica e contrasto alle operazioni di riciclaggio di denaro: l’utilizzo dell’intelligenza artificiale per la rilevazione delle attività illecite
No full textFlow-interruption experiments to quantify trace elements leaching from a shallow saline aquitard
No full textSalinity from reclaimed lands in coastal deltaic areas is of upcoming concern throughout the world due to the ongoing climatic change and the associated water resources overexploitation. Sub-irrigation in salinized deltaic soils can promote the transport of major and trace elements (TE) in groundwater. In this study, experiments on flow interruption in columns have been conducted for salinized peaty aquitard from the Po Delta using synthetic rainwater to replicate sub-irrigation practices and their effect on TE leaching. Non-equilibrium transport and cation exchange phenomena were assessed using a NaCl tracer test. This latter was also simulated via CXTFIT 2.0 to quantify sorption and physical non-equilibrium processes. Pre and post experiment sequential extraction allowed for the evaluation of geochemical alterations caused by the injection of the synthetic rainwater and the tracer solution into the reducing sediments. Results from the flow interruptions showed peaks of As, Mn, Pb, and Ni exceeding the World Health Organization standards for drinking water, indicating that irrigation periods are marked by the diffusion of trace elements hosted in exchange sites and solid phases. The employment of NaCl as a tracer resulted in a significant elution of trace elements due to Na+ exchange from clays and organic matter and retardation of Cl− due to diffusion into the osmotic membranes of organic fragments. The partial oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite to Fe(III) oxides contributes to the prolonged release of TE. These results highlight how alternating sub-irrigation in a peaty reducing environment can trigger the mobilization of TE in deltaic contexts. The findings of this study are of relevance, as similar hydrogeological settings are widespread globally. Indeed, in real-world scenarios, such as agricultural systems with intermittent irrigation or aquifer restoration strategies, flow interruptions are commonly utilized worldwide
Efficacy and safety of automated insulin delivery in children aged 2–6 years (LENNY): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, crossover trial
No full textBackground: Early-life glycaemic control disturbances can negatively affect brain development and plasticity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of automated insulin delivery (AID) with the MiniMed 780G system in children with type 1 diabetes aged 2–6 years requiring at least 6 units of insulin a day. Methods: In this open-label, randomised crossover trial, we enrolled children from 12 hospitals in Finland, Italy, Slovenia, and the UK. Participants underwent a 2-week run-in phase in which the MiniMed 780G system was used in manual mode with the suspend before low feature enabled (manual+SBL), followed by a 26-week study phase. For the study phase, participants were randomly assigned to a sequence comprising a 12-week auto mode, 2-week washout, and 12-week manual+SBL mode (AM-MM sequence), or the reverse order sequence (MM-AM). The primary endpoint was the between-treatment difference for auto mode versus manual+SBL mode in the percentage of time in range (TIR, 70–180 mg/dL), expressed as the least-squares mean difference adjusted for sequence effect and run-in TIR, and assessed for non-inferiority (margin 7·5 percentage points). Secondary endpoints were the adjusted between-treatment difference in mean HbA1c at the end of each 12-week period assessed for non-inferiority (margin 0·4 percentage points), and the adjusted between-treatment difference in mean TIR and HbA1c assessed for superiority. The primary and secondary analyses were by intention to treat. Safety was assessed in all participants who signed informed consent. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05574062, and is completed. Findings: Recruitment took place from March 24 to Sept 21, 2023. 98 participants began the study phase (AM-MM: n=50, with two withdrawals during the study phase; MM-AM: n=48). Overall mean age was 4·7 years (SD 1·2); 48 (49%) of 98 participants were female and 50 (51%) were male. Mean TIR was 58·1% (SD 14·3) in the run-in phase, 68·3% (6·9) in auto mode, and 58·3% (12·5) in manual+SBL mode (adjusted between-treatment difference 9·9 percentage points [95% CI 8·0 to 11·7]; non-inferiority met for the primary endpoint with superiority for auto mode). Mean HbA1c was 7·53% (SD 0·96; 58·8 mmol/mol [SD 10·5]) in the run-in phase, 7·00% (0·53; 53·0 mmol/mol [5·8]) in auto mode, and 7·61% (0·91; 59·7 mmol/mol [9·9]) in manual+SBL mode (between-treatment difference: –0·61 percentage points [95% CI –0·76 to –0·46; non-inferiority met with superiority for auto mode). There were nine serious adverse events (five during auto mode, two during manual+SBL mode, one during run-in, and one during washout; all deemed to be unrelated to the study device or procedure), including one serious adverse event of diabetic ketoacidosis during auto mode. No severe hypoglycaemia events were reported. Interpretation: In children aged 2–6 years with type 1 diabetes, the TIR with the MiniMed 780G system in auto mode was non-inferior to that in manual+SBL mode. The significantly improved TIR and HbA1c in favour of auto mode could help prevent diabetes-related complications. Additionally, the observed safety profile in auto mode was acceptable. Funding: Medtronic
Bridging Innovation and Market: An Exploratory Analysis of AI Startup Value Propositions
No full textDevelopment of Patient-Specific Nomogram to Assist in Clinical Decision-Making for Single Port Versus Multi-Port Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Report from the Single Port Advanced Robotic Consortium
No full textObjective: To develop a patient-specific algorithm to better guide clinical decision-making when considering between single port (SP) and multi-port (MP) robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the institutional review board-approved, prospectively maintained multi-institutional database of the Single Port Advanced Research Consortium to identify all consecutive patients who underwent SP and MP-RPN between 2019 and 2023. Baseline clinicodemographic variables were used to identify the significant predictors of SP-RPN. The significant variables were used to construct a nomogram to predict the likelihood of SP vs MP-RPN. Results: Of the 1021 patients included in our analysis, 189 (18.5%) and 832 (81.5%) underwent SP and MP-RPN, respectively. Statistically significant predictors of SP-RPN included a lower comorbidity profile, a significant abdominal surgical history as characterized by a higher Hostile Abdomen Index, as well as tumors of lower complexity. The nomogram generated using the aforementioned variables demonstrated a reasonable performance with an area under the curve of 0.79. An optimal cutoff point was determined, with likelihood ratios above 0.12 indicating a preference for SP-RPN. Of note, all SP-RPN cases that scored above the 0.12 cutoff exhibited improved perioperative outcomes, including shorter ischemia time and less intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions: In this study, we have devised a novel patient selection nomogram aimed at enhancing clinical decision-making within the expanding repertoire of RPN approaches. The findings highlighted in this study offer valuable guidance to facilitate appropriate patient selection and thereby ensuring favorable perioperative outcomes associated with RPN procedures
The use of biologic therapies in pediatric severe asthma
No full textIntroduction: Severe asthma in children is a chronic, heterogeneous condition that significantly impacts quality of life and poses management challenges. The introduction of biological therapies has transformed treatment paradigms, offering targeted interventions for patients with specific phenotypes. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the current evidence on biologic therapies approved for pediatric severe asthma, including omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab. We discuss their mechanisms of action, pivotal clinical trials, real-world data, and practical considerations for use. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and major conference proceedings up to May 2025. We also examine emerging biologic agents targeting upstream pathways, such as tezepelumab and anti-IL-33 therapies, and explore the concept of asthma remission and its implications for long-term disease trajectories. Expert opinion: Biologics represent a significant advancement in pediatric asthma management, enabling for tailored treatments based on underlying pathophysiology. However, challenges persist in optimizing patient selection, enhancing access, and comprehending long-term outcomes. Future research should focus on early intervention strategies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and the potential for disease-modifying effects in children
The Ritual Generator. Strutturare riti ibridi per pratiche plurali
No full textIn an era where conviviality time has reduced by almost 70% (Kannan et al, 2023), it appears essential to rethink collective dialogue modalities to reestablish meaningful connections between individuals. The sense of displacement and loss of common references, caused by the progressive disappearance of rituals (Han, 2021), make social connection practices capable of responding to present transformations urgent. The research explores ritual potential as an integration tool through design, capable of shaping relationships and valorising plurality within a community (Bell, 2009). Design has already experimented with toolkits that investigate the role of rituals in creating experiences supporting sociality. The Ritual Generator adds the will to valorise encounters between people of different cultures, generating a hybrid ritual from a dataset composed of participants’ individual backgrounds. The objective is to highlight contact points to contrast discriminatory drifts, educate
toward overcoming cultural hierarchies, and apply an intersectional approach (Crenshaw, 1989) ensuring that relationships model the ritual’s distinctive traits. The project is divided into three phases: context discovery; human geography mapping; hybrid ritual codification. In the context, which is variable, participant
numbers, space, ritual repetition frequency, accessibility, available materials and objects are considered. Human geography mapping
highlights participants’ identity peculiarities considering demographic, territorial, spiritual, cultural, and community factors, interweaving personal and collective stories. The intersection between the first two phases, supported by a user journey map, serves as prompts to generate ritual codification structured according to four dimensions: narrative (stories, symbols);
spatial (place configuration), objectual (role of artifacts and materials) and behavioral (actions, gestures). Temporally, it is marked by three topical moments: opening, manifestation, and
closure that brings with it memory development and emotional experience sedimentation.
The resulting ritual becomes an intentional, situated, repeated, formalised act conveyed by material and symbolic elements that reinforce its continuity over time (Pils, Trocchianesi, 2017). In this scenario, design becomes a relationship mediator and transforms ritual into a social integration laboratory capable of generating belonging and active participation. Through the project idea, we aspire to create a dynamic repertoire of shared practices that can
adapt to different contexts (school, corporate, or more generally, group facilitation) favoring an “intercultural and relational” design vision oriented toward building a plural future
La tutela processuale degli animali non umani: prime riflessioni sull’art. 260-bis c.p.p.
No full textThe role of human presence as social buffer for dairy cattle
No full textThis study investigates whether the presence of an unfamiliar human can alleviate stress responses in cows, acting as a social buffer. We assessed behavioral and physiological stress indicators in ten lactating Italian Red Pied cows using the isolation paradigm. Two conditions were tested: Isolation (cow alone) and Social (cow with a human present). Behavioral responses were observed ethologically, and stress levels were also measured via plasma cortisol concentrations before and after each test. We divided the 15-minute test into 30 consecutive 30-second bins, yielding 30 time-series points per behavioral variable. Data were analyzed using Gamma-distributed GLMMs with Condition and Condition×Interval as fixed effects and Subject ID as a random intercept. Separate models were run within each condition to assess time-related trends. Stress-related behaviors were higher under Isolation than Social conditions, with differing temporal fluctuations but no consistent linear trend in either condition. Locomotion was higher in Isolation; both conditions exhibited a significant linear decrease over time, though at different rates. Proximity to human did not differ overall but increased linearly over time only in the Social condition. Exploration showed no condition effect; it declined significantly in Social and marginally in Isolation. Standing showed neither condition differences nor linear time trends. Stranger-directed behaviors, recorded only in Social, increased linearly over time. A significant increase in cortisol levels was observed only in the Isolation condition. Overall, the data suggest that human presence can reduce stress in cows subjected to isolation stress. This study has practical applications for improving animal welfare and productivity in farming systems, for example by reducing stress-related behaviors and enhancing animals’ ability to cope with challenging situations