Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
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Проблема традиции в художественной практике эпохи модерна — перехода к постмодерну
Get PDFУ статті проаналізовано потенціал традиції як системоутворюючого чинника художньої практики доби модерну, переходу до постмодерну, розглядаються різні рівні співвідношення традиції та новації та зроблено спробу виявлення нових смислів традиції в означену добу.The article analyses the potential of tradition as a backbone factor of artistic practice of the modern era, the transition to the postmodern. Different levels of interconnection tradition and innovation are considered and new meaning of tradition in
the mentioned time are tried to be identified.
The attention is given to that the emergence of modernism as a change of worldview of modern man is linked to new realities of the early twentieth century, leading to the split of the world in which man can’t find himself. There is a phenomenal acceleration of the rhythms and cycles of life. The revolution in communications and transportation leads to feeling of disorientation in space and time; the loss of cultural religious orientation leads to a crisis of identity. Modernism is a reaction to internal conflict in the world of the art, the search of the own «Self» in this fractious world.
The author notes that one of the pillars of modernism is the destruction of the image
as a way of renunciation of art, going beyond it. Man is unable to understand the
world and master it in a plastic image; therefore all realistic eras, all phenomena of figurative arts of the past are successfully removed from the existing traditions, while the tradition is introduced according to which the art or artistic knowledge of the world take place only in contemporary art. Modern denies and cancels the previous tradition. The meaning of artistic transformations is perceived in negativity, confrontation, creating conflict, often — in scandal or shocking as the goal.
Artists of modern subjectively manifest a break of ties with tradition, but objectively they are based on a deeper tradition, bringing it to a new level. It is noted that the development of modernism as a guidance is possible in a constant opposition to tradition. Direct or indirect denial of tradition, polemic with tradition, «transformation» of tradition when it is involved into a «unique system of art and thought», a dialogue with tradition — there are the ways to preserve traditions in the culture of modern.
Since the late 60’s of the XX century, Modernism begins to relinquish its positions to postmodernism, which indicate new trends in the cultural consciousness of developed Western countries. Postmodernism is built on the radical equality of all traditions and trends in art, on the transformation of them into a public domain with a right to use it in any direction of contemporary art. Irony becomes the basic principle of the mosaic postmodern art.
It is highlighted that in the era of postmodernism modernist conviction is losing
ground and that only a radical rejection of tradition leads to progress. A convergence of Eastern and Western ideas about arts, a return to figurativeness is observed. Pluralism of traditions becomes a sign of time and is seen as a base of the cultural ecologism.
The conclusion is made that the «tradition of innovation» becomes a core in the modern culture, and innovation development of tradition is a characteristic feature of all historical and cultural eras.В статье анализируется потенциал традиции как системообразующего фактора художественной практики эпохи модерна, перехода к постмодерну, рассматриваются различные уровни соотношения традиции и новации и делается попытка выявления новых смыслов традиции в указанную эпоху
Факторы становления общественного договора (social contract) в западной континентальной философии
No full textУ статті досліджено проблему концептуалізації поняття «суспільний договір» крізь призму етимології, змістовної типології і реактуалізації суспільного договору в сучасній соціальній філософії. Суспільний договір розглянуто як універсальний конструкт раціонально-процедурної легітимації у всіх сферах суспільного життя.The article examines the problem of conceptualizing the notion of «social contract»: its etymology, content typology and topicality in modern European philosophy. Factors of formation of the social contract as a theory in modern European philosophy are considered foremost through the experience of the history of philosophy. The article develops a thesis that the category of «modernity» as a social
foundation of the rational discourse is rooted in the «axial time» taken by K. Jaspers as a starting point of a new worldview in the light of transcendence.
We study strategies of legitimizing fundamentally innovative forms of social and
political criticism (of power) in modern intellectual narratives. We focus our attention also on the specifications of the «first modernity» (Western, European) by M. Weber, who proves the legitimacy of «reading» modernity in terms of its diversity. Comparative analysis of the scientific project of the axial age ideas, embodied in the «axial cultures» as such that a priori provide energy, creativity and
transformational factors in examining the development of European modernity allows us to look at the idea of»social contract» as the foundation of the rights’ modern design.
The article proves that the concept of social contract is considered a distinguished category of the continental Western philosophy, always being the focus of research in the realms of social philosophy, political philosophy and philosophy of law. In the context of methodological constructivism of modern times the process of social contract development is a contractual argument that is legitimizing political rule — from the Hobbesian-type absolutism through the Lockean liberalism and Rousseauistic democracy, which, however, contributed to the social universalism — to Kantian moral constructivism (M. Tur). Thus, in the paradigm of modernity social contract is viewed as a universal construct of the rational-procedure legitimation in all spheres of the social life, forming one of the foundations of the liberal worldview.В статье исследуется проблема концептуализации понятия «общественный договор» сквозь призму этимологии, содержательной типологии и реактуализации общественного договора в современной социальной философии. Общественный договор рассматривается как универсальный конструкт рационально-процедурной легитимации во всех сферах общественной жизни
