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Insights into the black box of multimodal meaning-making: investigating the reception of multimodality empirically
No full textThe intention of this article is to clarify the concept of multimodal meaning making from a recipient’s perspective on the basis of empirical data. The data comes from various reception studies in which different methods like eye tracking, knowledge tests, re-narrations, guided interviews or questionnaires were combined to investigate the appropriation of multimodal artifacts such as newspapers, science videos, comics, social media postings, or commercials. The article is structured in such a way that examples and results from various reception studies on newspaper pages, commercials, comics and science videos and comics are presented in order to introduce concepts like attention, non-linearity, intermodality, modal density and modal coherence for clarifying the process of meaning-making.
Investigating meaning-making empirically should not only fill a research gap in the mostly product- and production-oriented approaches to Multimodality, but also help to develop a satisfactory theory of Multimodality. Eye tracking in combination with verbal data reveals that multimodal artefacts have a non-linear structure – even in linear films - that is grasped step by step by the addressees, analogous to a hypertext. The concept of non-linearity opens a path to define the relevance structure of a multimodal arrangement: the relevance of modal elements is the outcome of its mutual contextualization. With this perspective on Multimodality, the central unit of analysis is neither the sign-maker nor the sign itself or its materiality but the interaction between communicator and addressees, for which the modal resources are used. Intermodal relations are analyzed not as constellations of signs, but as complex discursive action addressed with a special intention to an audience or a person. The theoretical result can be summarized as follows: Combining action theory with cooperation theory provides the conceptual tools to analyze meaning-making as a conversational implicature of a discursive action
RFC 9116 („security.txt“) an deutschen Hochschulservern
No full textRFC 9116 ist ein einfach umsetzbarer, aber bisher wenig verbreiteter Standard, der ein maschinenlesbares Format für die Bereitstellung der Kontaktdaten des Webseitenbetreibers festlegt, an die Sicherheitslücken gemeldet werden sollen. Um die Verbreitung dieses Standard-Formats zu steigern, wurden alle deutschen Hochschulen mit unterschiedlich formulierten E-Mails über den Standard informiert. Die Anzahl der „security.txt“-Dateien hat sich im Beobachtungszeitraum immerhin verdreifacht, allerdings auf niedrigem Niveau. Interessant für zukünftige Sensibilisierungskampagnen ist, dass die Form der Ansprache dabei keine große Rolle spielte
The Role of Halides in the Bonding and Electronic Structure of Actinyl(VI) Halides─Energy Match Driven Stability
No full textThe role of the equatorial ligands and their influence on the electronic structures and bonding properties of uranyl and other actinyls are not well understood and are thus at the forefront of actinide research. In the study presented here, we found that the good energy match of uranyl(VI) with F– valence orbitals leads to substantial changes in the uranyl electronic structure, compared to uranyl–Cl– and uranyl–Br–. The good energy match between uranyl(VI) and F– likely enhances the stability of the uranyl–F– bond, contributing to the higher U–F– affinity in aqueous solution compared to uranyl–Cl–/Br–, which is also demonstrated for plutonyl(VI). These findings are based on studies of equatorial and axial ligand covalency in three uranyl halides: NaRb8(UO2)5F19·2H2O, Rb2UO2Cl4·2H2O, and Rb2UO2Br4·2H2O. We describe covalent uranium–halide interactions, following the trend Br– ≈ Cl– > F–. Ligand K-edge XANES and DFT (including TDDFT and LFDFT) reveal significant electronic structure differences, with the F-based compound having a uranyl-based HOMO, while Cl- and Br-based compounds show predominant ligand p character in the HOMO. A newly introduced theoretical index evaluates bond covalency. U M4 edge HR-XANES and RIXS exhibit unexpected σ* peak trends not directly correlated with U═O bond lengths but well explained by LFDFT RIXS calculations
Predicting 3D ground reaction forces across various movement tasks: a convolutional neural network study comparing different inertial measurement unit configurations
No full textGround reaction forces (GRFs) are crucial for understanding movement biomechanics and for assessing the load on the musculoskeletal system. While inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly used for gait analysis in natural environments, they cannot directly capture GRFs. Machine learning can be applied to predict 3D-GRFs based on IMU data. However, previous studies mainly focused on vertical GRF (vGRF) and isolated movement tasks. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the prediction accuracy of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for 3D-GRFs using IMUs from single and multiple sensor configurations across various movement tasks. 20 healthy participants performed six movement tasks including walking, stair ascent, stair descent, running, a running step turn and a running spin turn at self-selected speeds. CNNs were trained to predict 3D-GRFs on IMU time series data for different configurations (lower body [7 IMUs], single leg [4 IMUs], femur-tibia [2 IMUs], tibia [1 IMU] and pelvis [1 IMU]). Prediction accuracies were assessed based on leave-one-subject-out cross validations using Pearson correlation (r) and relative root mean squared error (relRMSE). Across all tasks, CNNs predicted vGRF most accurately (r = 0.98, relRMSE ≤ 7.44 %), followed by anterior-posterior GRF (r ≥ 0.92, relRMSE ≤ 14.24 %), with medial–lateral GRF being the least accurate (r ≥ 0.74, relRMSE ≤ 29.46 %). CNNs predicted vGRF consistently across tasks, with similar accuracy for multi IMU (average r = 0.98, average relRMSE: 6.06 %) and single IMU configurations (average r = 0.98, average relRMSE: 6.88 %), supporting single IMU configurations for vGRF in practical applications. During cutting maneuvers, the lower body configuration reduces the relRMSE for mlGRF (5.23–12.46 %) and apGRF (1.53–3.16 %) compared to single IMU configurations. However, for mlGRF and apGRF during cutting tasks, lower body configuration improve accuracy, highlighting a trade-off between simplicity and performance
Origins of NpO+ XAS features: Hydrated compared to isolated NpO^+
No full textThe principal concern of this paper is to compare theoretical predictions for M5 → 5f x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained between an isolated linear NpO22+ model and an embedded NpO22+ model that takes into account the environment of the solution where XAS measurements are actually conducted. The embedded model is an NpO2[H2O]52+ cluster. Novel methods are used to quantify the role of the hydration both for the molecular orbitals and for the many-body wavefunctions that account for the interaction of the hole in the M5 shell with the two electrons in the open 5f shell of the excited states. It is found that the hydration has only a very minor effect on the XAS excitation energies and intensities, thus validating the previous work based on the properties of an isolated neptunyl cation
Probabilistic Day-Ahead Battery Scheduling based on Mixed Random Variables for Enhanced Grid Operation
No full textoidc-agent - Integrating OpenID Connect Tokens with the Command Line
No full textThe oidc-agent is an OpenID Connect tool suite designed to simplify authentication processes for command-line applications and workflows that require access to resources protected by OpenID Connect. It provides a secure, but user-friendly way to manage tokens on the command-line, reducing the need for manual re-authentication. This paper presents an in-depth overview of the architecture and features of the tool suite, alongside its real-world applications. oidc-agent serves as a valuable tool in token based authentication workflows, particularly for applications in cloud computing, high-performance computing, and scientific research, where efficient and secure access to resources is critical
Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene high-resolution foraminiferal biostratigraphy of offshore eastern Nile Delta area, Egypt
No full textThis study presents a high-resolution foraminiferal biostratigraphic analysis of three Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene successions encountered in the Andaleeb-1, Temsah-NW-10, and Barboni-NW-1 wells, drilled for gas exploration in the offshore eastern Nile Delta. The studied successions were divided into two rock units from base to top: The Kafr El-Sheikh Formation and the El-Wastani Formation. The studied successions are characterized by scarce planktonic foraminiferal records in most parts, while benthonic foraminifera are more abundant and diverse, particularly in the top portion of the investigated sections. The biostratigraphic analysis of the recorded foraminiferal assemblages suggests six planktonic foraminiferal zones and three benthonic foraminiferal zones based on marker species consistent with Mediterranean basin standards. The planktonic zones, in ascending order, are the NPP-1 (Nile Delta Pliocene Planktonic) Zone, NPP-2 Zone, NPP-3 Zone, NPP-4 Zone, NPSP-1 (Nile Delta Pleistocene Planktonic) Zone, and NPSP-2 Zone. The three benthonic zones, also in ascending order, are the NPB- 1 (Nile Delta Pliocene Benthonic) Zone, NPB-2, and NPSB-1 (Nile Delta Pleistocene Benthonic) Zone. However, the reliability of some bioevents used to define the zonal boundaries was challenged by the scarcity and patchy distribution of certain marker species in the study area. The sphaeroidenellopsis acme, a key marker for the NPP-1 Zone, could only be tentatively recognized in one well because the bottom Pliocene is not encountered in the other two wells. The limited occurrences of Globorotalia bononiensis, the marker species for the subdivision of the standard Mediterranean MPL-5 Zone, complicated the correlation of the NPSP-1 Zone with the Mediterranean standard zonation. As a result of bio-zonation, an unconformity surface was recorded between the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean stage) and the Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian stage) due to totally or partially absence of Piacenzian stage. The onset of the Gelasian stage (Lower Pleistocene) is marked by the progradation of the Nile Delta, which led to the development of nutrient-rich, shallow marine environments, supporting a relatively diverse and abundant benthonic foraminiferal assemblage
