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Ressourceneffiziente Kreislaufsysteme am KIT (REKS@KIT): Herausforderungen – Forschungsbedarfe – Empfehlungen
Get PDFSingle-Shot Metric Depth from Focused Plenoptic Cameras
Get PDFMetric depth estimation from visual sensors is crucial for robots to perceive, navigate, and interact with their environment. Traditional range imaging setups, such as stereo or structured light cameras, face hassles including calibration, occlusions, and hardware demands, with accuracy limited by the baseline between cameras. Single- and multi-view monocular depth offers a more compact alternative, but is constrained by the unobservability of the metric scale. Light field imaging provides a promising solution for estimating metric depth by using a unique lens configuration through a single device. However, its application to single-view dense metric depth is under-addressed mainly due to the technology\u27s high cost, the lack of public benchmarks, and proprietary geometrical models and software. Our work explores the potential of focused plenoptic cameras for dense metric depth. We propose a novel pipeline that predicts metric depth from a single plenoptic camera shot by first generating a sparse metric point cloud using machine learning, which is then used to scale and align a dense relative depth map regressed by a foundation depth model, resulting in dense metric depth. To validate it, we curated the Light Field & Stereo Image Dataset (LFS) of real-world light field images with stereo depth labels, filling a current gap in existing resources. Experimental results show that our pipeline produces accurate metric depth predictions, laying a solid groundwork for future research in this field
3D‐Printed Hydrogels from Recycled Cellulose for Biomedical Applications
Get PDFGrowing environmental awareness has led to a shift in focus toward green chemistry and the development of more sustainable materials. Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable polymers, providing stability and flexibility in plant cell walls. Because of these properties, it has often been used as a base material for textiles, which can be recycled and the cellulose recovered, making it a promising candidate for environmentally friendlier polymer synthesis. Herein, we show a sustainable method for recycling and modifying cellulose to facilitate photochemical crosslinking to attain biocompatible hydrogels under mild reaction conditions, which can thus also be used for the fabrication of complex 3D structures via digital light processing (DLP). This approach presents an excellent technique for the fabrication of customized cell scaffolds for biomedical applications, such as the use as a wound dressing to treat chronic wounds
Synergistic effect of washing process and after-treatment parameters on gluten protein composition, rheological, and baking properties
Get PDFGluten was extracted from wheat flour with various modifications on lab scale. To assess the effect of process parameters, the washing water was tempered to either 20 ◦C or 50° C and 0.1 M NaCl was added to the washing water. In an after-treatment process of the isolated gluten, 3% of NaCl or 0.5% of CaCl was added. The wet gluten samples were subjected to either drying at 40° C or freeze-drying. Different combinations of these parameters were used to study the synergistic effect of process and after-treatment parameters on gluten protein
composition and functionality. The addition of salt and temperature treatment had synergistic effects on the functionality and composition of gluten proteins. The variability in the functionality of gluten proteins could largely be explained by their protein composition. In addition, gluten treated with salt had a positive effect on
specific bread volume resulting in significant (p < 0.05) increases to 2.62 ± 0.06 cm/g (20° C, 0.5% CaCl, freeze-dried) and 2.67 ± 0.07 cm/g (20° C, 0.1 M NaCl, 3 % NaCl, freeze-dried) compared to the control (2.08 ± 0.06 cm/g). Inversely, crumb hardness decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to 203.5 ± 38.0 g and 198.0 ± 40.4 g compared to 585.7 ± 73.5 g, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that changes in the gluten protein composition and functionality due to heat exposure during gluten extraction can be partially reversed by treatment with chloride salts, especially by adding 0.1 M NaCl during washing and 3% NaCl in the after-treatment
Continuous superposition of high power pulses and radio frequency power on a single magnetron target
Get PDFHigh Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) offers significant advantages over established sputtering techniques such as DC, MF, or RF sputtering. Thin films deposited with HiPIMS exhibit improved properties but often suffer from low deposition rates. In addition, reactive HiPIMS processes tend to arc. Superposition of different plasma excitations may help to overcome these limitations. We investigated the superposition of HiPIMS and RF on a single magnetron and studied voltage–current characteristics as well as the influence of pressure on process stability and cathode voltage for the reactive and non-reactive deposition of Aluminium in Ar/O2 discharge. We found that superimposing RF onto HiPIMS allows for stable operation at lower pressures and reduces arcing. Notably, the effect of the superimposed RF on peak current differs by mode: in reactive sputtering, the HiPIMS peak current is increased, while in non-reactive mode, the peak current is decreased. This is attributed to the different secondary electron emission in non-reactive and reactive mode
Layout optimization for the LUXE-NPOD experiment
Get PDFBeam dump experiments represent an effective way to probe new physics in a parameter space, where new particles have feeble couplings to the Standard Model sector and masses below the GeV scale. The LUXE experiment, designed primarily to study strong-field quantum electrodynamics, can be used also as a photon beam dump experiment with a unique reach for new spin-0 particles in the 10–350 MeV mass and 10–10 GeV couplings to photons ranges. This is achieved via the “new physics search with optical dump” (NPOD) concept. While prior estimations were obtained with a simplified model of the experimental setup, in this work we present a systematic study of the new physics reach in the full, realistic experimental apparatus, including an existing detector to be used in the LUXE NPOD context. We furthermore investigate updated scenarios of LUXE’s experimental plan and confirm that our results are in agreement with the original estimations of a background-free operation
The revised German guideline on the monitoring for intakes of radionuclides
Get PDFIn 2025, the guideline for the realisation of monitoring of occupational intakes of radionuclides (internal monitoring) in Germany was revised. For this purpose, an expert workgroup was mandated to consider the amended German radiation protection legislation, amended international standards and recommendations as well as other recent developments in the subject area. The methodology of the revised guideline for the calculation of the likely committed effective dose based on the handled activity and incorporation factors adapts international recommendations and standards. However, the definitions and values of the subfactors from which the incorporation factors are calculated deviate from international recommendations, for example the physical form safety factor considers the volume or mass of the handled radioactive material. For applications in nuclear medicine, specific incorporation factors based on recent literature are tabulated. Regarding the monitoring of persons of childbearing potential, an assessment of the equivalent dose for the uterus and if required a monthly monitoring are prescribed. Quality assurance of approved monitoring services is based optionally on accreditation or on audits by public authorities. For workplace monitoring, technical requirements, in particular quality-assurance procedures, are also specified. Regarding the dose assessment, a reference method and several individual methods are described, with the investigation threshold for changing to individual methods corresponding to an effective dose of 6 mSv during the calendar year. For the reference method, standard assumptions (inhalation, AMAD 5 μm for workplaces, 1 μm for emergency workers with environmental exposure) are applied
The evolution of cheaper workers facilitated larger societies and accelerated diversification in ants
Get PDFTrade-offs between quantity and quality are common in the organization and evolution of biological, technological, and economic systems. In social insects, shifts from solitary organisms to complex societies bring this dilemma to the colony scale: producing fewer robust units or many cheaper ones. We investigate how cuticle investment, a major nutritional cost, shaped the evolution of ant societies and diversification. Using a computer vision approach on three-dimensional x-ray microtomography scans of 880 specimens from 507 species, we show that larger colonies were facilitated by reducing exoskeleton investment rather than miniaturizing workers. Reduced cuticle investment was associated with accelerated diversification rates in ants, whereas other candidates—colony size and worker size—did not correlate with diversification. Diet and climate had measurable but secondary effects on cuticle investment. Our results support a hypothesis whereby evolving cheaper but more numerous units through reduced investment in structural tissues was a strategic trend in the evolution and diversification of complex insect societies
Study on Corrosion and Thermal Alteration of Low‐Cost Storage Materials for Use in High‐Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Systems With Lead as the Heat Transfer Fluid
No full textTowards indicative baseline and decarbonization pathways for embodied life cycle GHG emissions of buildings across Europe
Get PDFoai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:100018994