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Protective Coating of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathode Enables Fast Charging in All-Solid-State Batteries
No full textUnique microphysical properties of small boundary layer ice particles under pristine conditions on Dome C, Antarctica
Get PDFAssessment of Digital Tools for Climate Change Mitigation in the Built Environment: Early Insights from IEA EBC Annex 89
Get PDFIn light of the urgent need for climate change mitigation in the construction and real estate sectors, it is crucial to implement effective measures that will drive meaningful progress. Digital tools that support the assessment of buildings’ whole-life carbon emissions play a key role in this effort. However, the successful implementation of these tools relies on their effective and efficient use by various stakeholder groups, each of which has different decision-making needs and workflows. Notably, integrating diverse perspectives into tool quality and service, particularly those of users and developers, remains an under-explored area. This study presents key findings from an international survey conducted across participating countries as part of the IEA EBC Annex 89 project, which focuses on implementing net-zero whole-life carbon buildings. The survey, which is part of a broader set of Annex activities, maps existing tools and analyses aspects such as their capabilities (e.g. the environmental indicators assessed by the tool), information management (e.g. databases) and practical integration (e.g. the format of the data output). This paper presents the survey methodology and focuses on analysing a subset of the results in order to evaluate whether current tools meet the needs of stakeholders and address the challenges of integrating them into design and decision-making processes
Probing the Higgs Portal to a Strongly-Interacting Dark Sector at the FCC-ee
Get PDFThis work explores exotic signatures from confining dark sectors that may arise in the e+e- collision mode at the Future Circular Collider. Assuming the Higgs boson mediates the interaction between the Standard Model and the dark sector, dark quarks can be produced in e+e- collisions. The ensuing strong dynamics may lead to semi-visible jet final states, containing both visible and invisible particles. We investigate semi-visible jets with different fractions of invisible states, and enriched in leptons and photons. When the invisible component is large, selections based on kinematic features, such as the missing energy in the event, already provide good signal-to-background discrimination. For smaller invisible fractions, the reduced missing energy makes these signals more similar to Standard Model events, and we therefore employ a graph neural network jet tagger exploiting differences in jet substructure. This machine learning strategy improves sensitivity and enhances the discovery prospects of Higgs boson-induced semi-visible jets at the Future Circular Collider. Our results show that the proposed strategy can effectively probe a wide parameter space for the models considered, and a variety of signatures, constraining the Higgs boson exotic branching ratios into dark quarks at the permille-level
Observation of perfect absorption in hyperfine levels of molecular spins with hermitian subspaces
Get PDFWe investigate Perfect Absorption (PA) of radiation, in which incoming energy is entirely dissipated, in a system consisting of molecular spin centers coherently coupled to a planar microwave resonator operated at milliKelvin temperature and in the single photon regime. This platform allows us to fine tune the spin-photon coupling and to control the effective dissipation of the two subsystems towards the environment, thus giving us the opportunity to span over a wide space of parameters. Our system can be effectively described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian exhibiting distinct Hermitian subspaces. We experimentally show that these subspaces, linked to the presence of PA, can be engineered through the resonator-spin detuning, which controls the composition of the polaritons in terms of photon and spin content. In such a way, the required balance between the feeding and the loss rates is effectively recovered even in the absence of PT-symmetry. We show that Hermitian subspaces influence the overall aspect of coherent spectra of cavity QED systems and enlarge the possibility to explore non-Hermitian effects in open quantum systems. We finally discuss how our results can be potentially exploited for applications, in particular as single-photon switches and modulators
Assessing the role of exogenous NO on plants and microbial communities in soil
Get PDFNitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gas that functions as a signaling molecule regulating plant growth and stress responses, while also exerting various roles for microorganisms. In soil, NO is produced through microbial activity, plant metabolism, and physico-chemical processes. However, the impact of exogenous NO on plant physiology and the associated root microbiota remains unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effects of NO exposure on plant physiology, trace gas fluxes and N cycling, as well as the abundance, diversity, and composition of root-associated microbiota. We conducted two 37-day experiments with either Arabidopsis thaliana or tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants using innovative plant–soil mesocosms that allowed NO flushing while monitoring the CO, NO and NO fluxes. The mesocosms were subjected to four NO flushing periods (3–4 days each) at 0 ppbv or 400 ppbv. Our results revealed that exogenous NO exerted plant-specific effects. While flushing with NO had no effect on tomato plants or associated microbiota, it increased leaf area in Arabidopsis and modulated the expression of two genes involved in plant growth-defense balance compared to flushing with NO. These changes in Arabidopsis physiology were concomitant with modest alterations in the fungal community and a decrease in the abundance of bacterial ammonia-oxidizers, N recovery as NO₃−, and cumulative CO₂ fluxes. However, it is still unclear how much of these effects were indirectly driven by plant–soil feedbacks. Our findings offer intriguing insights into the possible, though modest, effects of exogenous NO in shaping plant–microbe interactions
Soft Mode Origin of Charge Ordering in Superconducting Kagome CsVSb
Get PDFCharge-density-wave (CDW) order and superconductivity coexist in the kagome metals AVSb (A=K, Cs, Rb), raising fundamental questions about the mechanisms driving their intertwined phases. Here we combine high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering with first-principles calculations to uncover the origin of CDW formation in CsVSb. Guided by structure factor analysis, we identify a soft phonon mode along the reciprocal M-L direction, with the strongest effect at the L point, where the elastic scattering intensity also grows most rapidly upon cooling. First-principles calculations incorporating lattice anharmonicity and electron-phonon coupling reproduce these observations and establish a soft-mode instability at the L point as the driving mechanism of CDW formation. Despite the weakly first-order character of the transition, our results unambiguously demonstrate that the CDW in CsVSb originates from a softened phonon, clarifying its microscopic origin and highlighting the central role of lattice dynamics in kagome metals
Meteorological conditions leading to a catastrophic, rain-induced landslide in Cameroon in October 2019
Get PDFAmidinate, NHC, and Thioamide-based Ligands for the Construction of Luminescent Mono- and Heterobimetallic Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence, and Catalytic Applications
Get PDFDie vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Synthese von Übergangsmetallkomplexen mit fortschrittlichen Ligandensystemen, insbesondere einem Phosphanacetylid-funktionalisierten Amidinatliganden, einem Cumarin-substituierten NHC-Liganden und einem t-Bu-substituierten Thioamidinatliganden. Die Metallionen mit den Elektronenkonfigurationen d8 und d10 wurden ausgewählt, da sie bekanntermaßen interessante optische und katalytische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die synthetisierten Metallkomplexe wurden mit Hilfe von Standard-Analysemethoden charakterisiert und auf ihre photophysikalischen Eigenschaften hin untersucht