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Oral Contemporaries: Kunstgeschichte greifbar nah
No full textEhrlich, vielfältig, vielleicht auch überraschend – Oral Contemporaries bietet Einblicke in die beruflichen Tätigkeitsfelder von Alumnae & Alumni der Kunstgeschichte am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). Aus den unterschiedlichen beruflichen Wegen entsteht ein aktuelles, praxisorientiertes Bild der Kunstgeschichte als dynamisches und interdisziplinäres Feld. Studierende gewinnen über Schilderungen aus erster Hand wertvolle Einblicke, die sie bei eigenen Entscheidungen und Schwerpunktsetzungen unterstützen. Die Kunstgeschichte am KIT knüpft an eine lange Tradition und prägende Vorbilder an. Es ist ein produktives Umfeld, in dem Studierende in etablierte Fußstapfen treten, aber viel mehr auch eigene Wege beschreiten können. Die in diesem Buch versammelten individuellen Perspektiven zeigen nachvollziehbar, wie der Übergang vom Studium in die Berufswelt gelingen kann – und wie vielfältig sich Kunsthistoriker/-innen positionieren können
Adaptive Experimentation Ecosystems: Leveraging Emerging Technologies, Field Research, and Citizen Engagement
No full textBroadband Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation and Measurement Using Optical Frequency Combs
No full textManuelles Löschen von Phishing-Nachrichten aus Mitarbeiterpostfächern : Rechtliche und technische Grenzen
No full textDie IT-Sicherheit von Organisationen ist in Anbetracht der steigenden Zahl von Cyberangriffen sowie der weiter zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Arbeitsabläufen wichtiger denn je. Eine gängige Angriffsmethode auf Organisationen ist die Verwendung von Phishing-Mails, mittels derer wichtige interne Informationen oder Zugangsdaten abgegriffen werden können. Zur effektiven Bekämpfung von Phishing in Organisationen ist es zweckmäßig, dass Phishing-Mails zentralisiert durch IT-Mitarbeitende gelöscht werden können. Eine entscheidende Rolle für die rechtliche Zulässigkeit einer zentralisierten Löschung spielt die Frage, ob ein Arbeitgeber an das Fernmeldegeheimnis gebunden ist, wenn er seinen Arbeitnehmern die Privatnutzung des betrieblichen E-Mail-Dienstes erlaubt. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die technischen und rechtlichen Herausforderungen bei der Bekämpfung von Phishing und arbeitet heraus, unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine manuelle und zentralisierte Löschung von Phishing-E-Mails aus Mitarbeiterpostfächern zulässig ist
Life Cycle Assessment of the Pork Value Chain in Germany - Case Study of a German Slaughterhouse
Full text linkThe production of meat presents a significant global environmental challenge [1]. Therefore, it is
crucial to examine the environmental impacts specifically related to pork, which is the most widely
consumed meat globally [2]. To comprehensively assess the environmental impact, it is essential to
closely examine the complete value chain, including factory farming, slaughter, processing, and
distribution. The SPECK project aims to address this aspect by conducting a life cycle assessment of
various value chain stages in pork production in Germany, which is ranked as the fourth-largest pork
producer [3]. This case study focuses on the production of pork halves at a slaughterhouse and aims
to determine the underlying environmental impacts. The slaughterhouse primarily raises organic
animals, primarily pigs but also includes bovine and sheep. The calculation is based on the functional
unit of 1kg carcass weight and is processed with the help of the open-source software OpenLCA. The
results of the chosen categories Global Warming, Acidification, and Eutrophication of the method
CML baseline are mostly consistent with literature findings [4] [5] [6]. Recognizable is the enormous
impact of the specific waste stream of slaughterhouse waste in every impact category’s outcome.
Therefore it is important to examine the underlying data and interpret them in alignment with the
special use case. Looking at the categories GWP and Acidification, heat and power production and
use embody another considerable impact. To make these influences more ecologically acceptable
renewable energy production could be an option for improvement
PointMapPolicy: Structured Point Cloud Processing for Multi-Modal Imitation Learning
Full text linkRobotic manipulation systems benefit from complementary sensing modalities, where each provides unique environmental information. Point clouds capture detailed geometric structure, while RGB images provide rich semantic context. Current point cloud methods struggle to capture fine-grained detail, especially for complex tasks, which RGB methods lack geometric awareness, which hinders their precision and generalization. We introduce PointMapPolicy, a novel approach that conditions diffusion policies on structured grids of points without downsampling. The resulting data type makes it easier to extract shape and spatial relationships from observations, and can be transformed between reference frames. Yet due to their structure in a regular grid, we enable the use of established computer vision techniques directly to 3D data. Using xLSTM as a backbone, our model efficiently fuses the point maps with RGB data for enhanced multi-modal perception. Through extensive experiments on the RoboCasa and CALVIN benchmarks and real robot evaluations, we demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse manipulation tasks. The overview and demos are available on our project page: https://point-map.github.io/Point-Map
Districting: Multi-Period and Stochastic Approaches
Full text linkDistricting involves grouping smaller areas into larger ones or dividing a larger area into multiple subareas. This thesis examines districting with a focus on multi-period dynamics and uncertainty - two aspects that have received limited attention in existing models since the field’s beginning in 1965. The consideration of these two factors not only better reflects reality, but - as shown in this thesis - taking them into account can also lead to better decisions.
A deterministic model is first proposed to serve as a basis, ensuring feasible solutions. The first major contribution of the thesis then consists of an in-depth examination of the multi-period setting, where time-dependent reassignments are allowed and a savings parameter is introduced to balance compactness and reassignments. Computational analyses are conducted to identify when the multi-period model provides advantages over static approaches. This is achieved through detailed computational experiments that perform linear correlation analysis at different levels of granularity in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relation between demand fluctuations and values of multi-period solutions.
The next part of the thesis then addresses the topic of districting under uncertainty in detail. To this end, we adapt a two-stage stochastic model. Modifications are made to the definition of the average allowed demand in each district, which is now scenario-dependent. The analysis focuses on performance indicators, including the value of the stochastic solution and the expected value of perfect information. The conditions under which stochastic modeling is beneficial, particularly with demand fluctuations between scenarios, are evaluated.
In the final methodological part, both uncertainty and multi-periodicity are combined in a multi-stage stochastic districting model, supported by a relax-and-fix heuristic. The model is tested on various instances, including larger instances, to assess its applicability and performance with respect to cost, demand variability, and the number of territorial units and periods.
The methodology proposed in this thesis is applied in a comprehensive case study of home healthcare services in Karlsruhe. This realistic case demonstrates the benefits of the developed models in addressing districting challenges, highlighting their potential impact on decision-making. The case study begins with a deterministic single-period setting, followed by an exploration of a multi-period framework. It then transitions to a stochastic setting before combining both time and uncertainty factors. The case study offers valuable insights into the practical application of the proposed districting models in real-world settings, along with important managerial implications
The aftermath of the pandemic: how the COVID-19 pandemic affected physical activity, fitness, health, and body fat in first-year students in Norway
Full text linkPublic health measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 included restricting physical activity (PA). Here we described the impact of pandemic restrictions and reduction in PA on physical fitness and health and body composition amongst first-year students, and the associations to body fat and total PA at the end of their first year. “On your own feet” is a longitudinal study exploring changes in lifestyle habits amongst first-year students. Questionnaires for assessment of perceived restriction, PA behaviour and fitness and health were administered at the start and end of the first year at university. Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) and total PA (Actigraph®) were recorded at both time-points. In multivariable models we identified factors associated to body fat and total PA. We included 150 students aged 18-22 years, 53% of whom reported restrictions and 34% a reduction in PA due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students reporting restrictions had comparable fitness, health, body composition and PA level at baseline and follow-up, compared to those without restrictions. Students with reduced PA less often reported “good” fitness (30% vs. 56%, p < 0.001) and health (54% vs. 70%, p = 0.046) and had higher mean body fat percentage (27% vs. 23%, p = 0.009) and lower total PA (314 vs. 420 cpm, p < 0.001) at baseline, compared to those without reduction in PA. At follow-up, they less often reported “good” physical fitness (26% vs. 54%, p = 0.005), while body composition and total PA were comparable. We concluded that students who report pandemic reduction in PA may need targeted interventions to improve fitness
Energy efficiency of single-pass electrodialysis and nanofiltration/reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination: An experimental comparison
Full text linkFrom Points to Field Scale: A Decade of Soil‐Moisture Monitoring in a German Deciduous Forest (2014–2024)
Full text linkLong-term, spatially representative soil-moisture records are critical for characterising ecosystem responses to water availability. We present a decade-long (2014–2024) dataset of continuous soil-moisture observations from distributed in situ networks and cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) across a 1 ha temperate deciduous forest in Germany. Spatial sensor coverage varied over time and challenged the derivation of a consistent spatial average due to the persistence of soil moisture patterns. We therefore implemented a semi-automatic workflow that (i) identifies reference periods via a bootstrap-based minimum required number of sensors (MRNS) and (ii) maps point measurements to the field-scale distribution using empirical CDF transformation. The resulting record provides a coherent long-term signal suitable for ecohydrological analyses and validation of remote-sensing products. Since any decade-scale monitoring will encounter sensor losses and replacements, we emphasise the critical role of robust data integration techniques to ensure the reliability of extended soil moisture datasets