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La sfida dello Sviluppo Umano e Integrale nei Paesi a Basso Reddito. Il contributo dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
No full textIl volume nasce dal Progetto di collaborazione multi-dipartimento D.3.2. dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, denominato VICSUS (Valutazione dell’Impatto delle innovazioni agro-tecnologiche del modello C3S sullo Sviluppo Umano e Sociale nei PBR). Lo scopo del modello C3S è stato, fino ad oggi, principalmente dedicato all’aumento della produttività agricola e al superamento della sussistenza nella piccola azienda familiare nei contesti rurali dei Paesi a Basso Reddito (PBR). Tuttavia, in prospettiva, l’auspicio è che lo sviluppo si possa estendere all’intero sistema socioeconomico, diventando integrale, anche per creare nuove professioni (e imprese) tali da permettere l’affrancamento dalla ‘schiavitù della terra’, specialmente per i giovani istruiti, non essendo ipotizzabile che si continui ad avere più del 60% della popolazione nelle attuali condizioni dei contadini. I differenti capitoli presenti sono quindi una profonda riflessione sulle problematiche che affliggono i PBR, partendo da inquadramento storico e riflessioni teoriche, fino ad arrivare a valutazioni d’impatto pratico nei differenti contesti che l’Università, tramite il Progetto C3S, ha incontrato in oltre un decennio di attività
Value of frozen section to tailor surgical staging in apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer
Full text linkObjective: Frozen section (FS) has been shown to have high accuracy in determining ovarian malignancy. However, its utility in guiding surgical approaches, particularly, lymph node staging, for early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the post-test positive probability of FSs in identifying cases requiring lymph node or peritoneal staging. The secondary aims were sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy assessments. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing surgery for early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer with FS performed on ovarian masses between July 2007 and March 2023 at a tertiary center. The FS results were compared with the final histology (gold standard paraffin sections). The FS cases were categorized based on further actions as follows: lymph node staging (type A), peritoneal staging only (type B), or no additional procedures (type C). The patients were divided into group 1 (requiring lymph node and peritoneal staging) and group 2 (requiring only peritoneal staging). A comparison between specialized and general pathology diagnoses was also performed. Incorrect FS assessments were classified as under-diagnosed or over-diagnosed. Results: Of the 715 patients, group 1 had appropriate staging in 425 of 447 cases, with 4.9% over-treatment. In group 2, staging was correct in 109 of 195 cases, with 44.1% under-treatment. For type A FSs, the post-test positive probability was 95% (95% CI 93% to 97%), with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 76.4%, 86.1%, and 78.6%, respectively. For type B FSs, the post-test positive probability was 56% (95% CI 50% to 61%), with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 68.6%, 84.5%, and 81%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the agreement between the specialized and general pathology groups (p = 0.92). Conclusions: Frozen sections suggestive of a cancer diagnosis requiring peritoneal and lymph node staging in a population with apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer are highly reliable. In the case of FSs suggesting only peritoneal staging, malignancy is frequently underestimated
Homelessness and mass cultures: a challenge for inclusion.
Full text linkHomelessness is a complex phenomenon that intertwines a dimension of housing dep
rivation with one of social distress1. Through a review of the existing literature, this article analyses its multidimensionality and multifaceted nature, with particular attention to Italian studies of the
pedagogy of marginality1. In particular, it highlights how the phenomenon, precisely because of its multifaceted nature, requires systemic, intersectional, and multidisciplinary interpretations; any investigation that does not consider this multifaceted nature risks providing incomplete interpretations and furthering dynamics of exclusion1. In parallel, the contribution examines the role of mass culture in shaping public perception of social phenomena – including homelessness – and the risks of simplification and
omogenisation to which it can potentially and uncritically lead2. In conclusion, it suggests the opportunity for pedagogical sciences, precisely in taking up the challenge of complexity raised by homelessness, to adopt sensitivities typical of the Capability Approach, with particular reference to the concept of human dignity, that is, the right of each individual, in their uniqueness, to a dignified life, determined not only by the absence of material deprivation but also by the possibility of developing their potential and pursuing a meaningful life
Evaluating point source pesticide contamination via sprayer washing water dispersal: A northern Italian vineyard area case study
Full text linkWastewater contaminated by plant protection products (PPP) from sprayer cleaning operations must be properly
managed and disposed of, as it could represent a point source of environmental PPP pollution and pose risks to
non-target organisms. Three conventionally and two organically managed farms in hilly vineyards of North-West
Italy engaged in a participatory activity for sampling sprayer washing and resultant water. In total 52 samples of
wash water (internal and external) were collected during two agricultural seasons and analyzed for six organic
pesticides and metallic Cu. PPP concentrations in water collected after internal washing were up to 37.9 times
higher than in water collected after external washing. Concentrations in water after external washing were
surprisingly high. This may be explained by the characteristics of the sprayers, but also by farmers failing to comply with good practices during PPP use. To evaluate the possible impact on the aquatic environment of dispersal of wash water into a water body, the FOCUS “Stream” approach was followed. The concentrations thus estimated were almost always higher than the environmental quality standard for surface waters but below the toxicological endpoints for fish and Daphnia magna. With reference to the Italian guidelines for waste classifi
cation, only one sample would be classified as ecotoxicological hazardous waste and need to be properly managed. In conclusion, due to the nature of contamination, which is point source but diffuse in the territory, analytical data confirms the need for additional joint efforts to improve awareness in managing wastewater containing PPP and to decrease the impact of the agricultural sector
Post‐dialysis fatigue is not associated with perceived stress in patients on hemodialysis
No full textIntroduction: This study explored the relationship between post dialysis fatigue (PDF) and dialysis recovery time (DRT) with perceived stress and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 223 patients on hemodialysis (HD). We collected demographic, laboratory and clinical variables [including depression and perceived stress levels measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)] to explore their association with PDF and DRT. Findings: Of the total, 120 patients suffered PDF and 103 did not. Groups differed in Charlson comorbidity index, dialysate sodium concentration, dialysate temperature, and BDI score, but had similar perceived stress levels. Logistic regression identified BDI and Charlson scores as independently associated with PDF. Of 130 patients, DRT was ≤ 120 min, and in 73, it was > 120 min, with higher BDI scores in the latter. Stratifying by perceived stress levels showed no significant differences in PDF or DRT. However, PDF and DRT were higher in patients with BDI > 17, and perceived stress levels strongly correlated with BDI. Conclusion: While PDF and DRT are not significantly linked to perceived stress, they are strongly associated with depression levels in HD patients
Le espulsioni e la tutela dei diritti fondamentali dello straniero condannato
No full textThe primary objective of the Italian Law contrasting illegal immigration (Legislative
Decree No. 286/1998) is the expulsion of illegal aliens because of the conviction. The amendments
enacted in the last years go in the same direction, fostering the expulsion regardless to the protection of the private and family life of the immigrants. The Author questions if such system responds to the obligations to protect fundamental rights granted by the Italian Constitution and the International Conventions on Human Rights
Rural Affective Economies: An Ethnographic Approach to Local Development in Rural Italy
No full textThis book delves into the development trajectories of rural Europe, with a specific focus on Italy. The book addresses the key challenges rural communities face and explores the potential for grassroots development. The concept of affective economy is central to the book, which is introduced and utilized to analyze these dynamics.
The book assesses local food heritage and agrifood chains to showcase how these elements can serve as pillars for sustainable local development. It provides tools and methodologies for identifying and documenting food heritage, offering practical insights for public and private stakeholders interested in fostering local economic growth, and shows how emotional and social bonds within communities can drive sustainable growth. This book is a must-read for academics and practitioners passionate about sustainable development who want to envision concrete strategies for rural development
Milano
No full textOutline of political and institutional events and developments in the field of culture, also seen in relation to the religious world, from the late 15th to the late 16th centur
Polycrisis as collapse of the universal and homogeneous state
No full textGlobalization has been supposed to expand worldwide in a homogeneous and universal
way. Since the 2000s, however, it has produced an enormous amount of social and
environmental entropy from which a number of shocks has arisen affecting the entire
world. Consequently, the whole economic and psychosocial framework has changed
radically. Above all, it has produced the collapse of the global liberal order. The crisis of
globalization has started a schismogenetic process that is now causing growing social
tensions and international conflicts. The way out from the crisis is foreseen in an
epistemological turn encompassing the relational nature of the living
Razzismo
No full textL'articolo presenta una versione ridotta della voce pubblicata nel Dizionario di Dottrina Sociale della Chiesa. Le cose nuove del XXI secolo: https://www.dizionariodottrinasociale.it/Voci/Razzismo.htm