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Autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Autobiographical memory impairment is a significant feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affecting patients’ ability to recall personal life events and maintain their sense of self. While this impairment has been extensively studied, its aspects and manifestations remain incompletely synthesized in the literature regarding the relationship between memory specificity, temporal gradients, and emotional processing. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Studies comparing autobiographical memory performance between AD patients and healthy controls were included. Quality assessment used Yang’s methodological checklist to evaluate potential bias in the selected studies. The review process involved independent analysis by two reviewers who assessed titles, abstracts, and full papers against predefined inclusion criteria. Results: Analysis of 83 studies revealed consistent autobiographical memory deficits in AD patients. These deficits were characterized by reduced memory specificity across all life periods, with patients showing a tendency toward overgeneralization. The studies demonstrated altered temporal gradients, with remote memories showing better preservation than recent ones, supporting Ribot’s law. Emotional processing patterns were also modified, with some studies indicating a positivity bias in memory recall. Various stimuli showed differential effectiveness in memory retrieval, with music and odors demonstrating particular promise compared to other cues. Neural correlates indicated involvement of hippocampal, prefrontal, and posterior cortical regions in autobiographical memory deficits. The research revealed significant correlations between autobiographical memory performance and executive function measures. Despite memory impairment, evidence suggested preserved components of self-reference. Discussion: The findings suggest that autobiographical memory impairment in AD affects multiple cognitive domains and impacts patients’ sense of self and quality of life. The identified patterns of impairment and preservation offer potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. These results emphasize the need for standardized assessment protocols for autobiographical memory in AD and suggest the importance of developing targeted interventions leveraging preserved memory systems. The integration of multiple stimulus modalities in memory rehabilitation appears promising. The relationship between autobiographical memory and self-identity maintenance warrants further investigation. The review also highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in autobiographical memory deficits as potential markers of disease progression. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024596837
CGRP increase in tear fluid of migraine patients is reversed by anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies
No full textIn this case–control study, consecutive patients with a diagnosis of migraine according to ICHD-3 criteria were included, and tear fluid was collected from migraine patients and HCs. Clinical characteristics of migraine patients, including monthly headache days (MHDs), were recorded. The ictal phase was defined as the presence of a headache with migraine features (not lasting >24 hours)
Il paziente psicogeriatrico: prospettive cliniche e di ricerca-intervento
No full text• Si illustreranno brevemente le principali caratteristiche cliniche del paziente psicogeriatrico
• Si introdurranno i temi della psicopatologia dell’anziano.
• Verranno approfonditi gli strumenti di valutazione e di intervento utili allo psicologo nel
contesto geriatrico.
• Si approfondiranno la definizione dell’approccio neuropsicologico-clinico e delle sue
applicazioni nel contesto psicogeriatrico.
• Verranno trattati sinteticamente i principali interventi di tipo psicologico e psicoterapico.
• Verrà presentata un’esperienza di ricerca nel campo della Malattia di Alzheimer
Permanent First Molar Eruption Failure in Children: clinical management of three clinical scenarios
No full textBackground Eruption failure in the mixed dentition presents many
challenges, but eruption disorders in a child patient offer solutions
that are not possible in adult patients. The opportunity to remedy
the occlusal outcomes for eruption problems in the mixed dentition
depends on the type of problem; we consider three major categories
of eruption problems and corresponding management strategies.
The distinction between a mechanical failure of eruption (MFE),
ankylosis of a single tooth, or Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) due
to a genetic defect that alters dental eruption is key to the potential
intervention. The therapeutic solutions proposed in the literature differ
greatly for the three clinical scenarios. In MFE, orthodontic therapy
can be successful if the obstacle to eruption is identified early. For
cases of ankylosis, the affected tooth can be extracted, and the
space closed orthodontically if timed appropriately. A diagnosis of
PFE, however, carries a certain poor prognosis with a continuous arch
wire; orthodontic forces will result in the intrusion of adjacent teeth.
Case report We evaluated the clinical outcomes of three patients
presenting with eruption failure of the permanent first molar(s) due to:
1) ankylosis; 2) MFE; and 3) PFE. Taken together, these cases provide
indications for treatment possibilities supporting the growing patient.
Conclusion Early treatment of ankylosis can yield positive results, but
the possibility of failure must be considered and, therefore, monitored
carefully. For MFE, the timing of intervention should align with patients
in the late mixed dentition. Finally, a diagnosis of PFE carries the
certainty that affected teeth cannot be moved orthodontically; the
resultant dentoskeletal development may however benefit from a
functional orthopaedic appliance to prevent asymmetric growth
Il giusto giudizio mediatico (ovvero perché l'obiettivo di tutelare i diritti fondamentali non può risolversi in controproducenti restrizioni della libertà di informazione
No full textIl saggio affronta il fenomeno della giustizia mediatica, inteso come l’influenza esercitata dai media sui processi e sull’opinione pubblica, con particolare attenzione ai suoi effetti negativi sui diritti fondamentali dell’indagato, sulla funzione del processo penale e sul ruolo degli attori coinvolti. L’autore denuncia la tendenza del sistema mediatico a trasformare l’indagato in colpevole e la vittima in eroe, generando un processo parallelo dominato da emozioni, distorsioni e pressioni sull’apparato giudiziario. Pur riconoscendo i rischi insiti nella mediatizzazione, l'Autore respinge soluzioni repressive della libertà di stampa, per orientarsi verso una regolamentazione più trasparente e responsabile della cronaca giudiziaria. L’obiettivo è costruire un giusto giudizio mediatico, capace di coniugare la tutela dei diritti individuali con il controllo democratico sull’amministrazione della giustizia
Unpacking how the biomedical model prioritizes the subpersonal level in mental health inquiry
No full textBiomedical accounts of mental health problems represent the dominant outlook among both academics and practitioners. Yet, there is growing awareness of the theoretical and practical limitations of this approach. In this paper, I first identify three levels of inquiry in mental health, each reflecting a different metatheoretical perspective and generating distinct research questions: the subpersonal, personal, and superpersonal. Next, I illustrate their reciprocal interplay through a contrastive conception of causation whereby causes are defined against the backdrop of the set of assumptions associated with a given level of inquiry. I then argue that the perspective conveyed in the main document used to classify mental health problems – the DSM – is fully biomedical and, as such, tends to prioritize one level of inquiry: the subpersonal. The dominance of the subpersonal level stems from an ideal of science that serves to legitimize mental health disciplines as natural sciences. Yet, this dominance risks obscuring or underrating major personal and superpersonal factors that may have a bearing upon mental health problems. In conclusion, I contend that redistributing the focus of inquiry to include greater scrutiny of the personal and superpersonal domains would increase the scope – and effectiveness – of scientific accounts of mental health issues
Long-Term Prognostic Impact of OCT-Derived High-Risk Plaque Features: Extended Follow-Up of the CLIMA Study
No full textBackground: The long-term prognostic impact of presumed high-risk morphologic plaque features detected by intracoronary optical coherence tomographic (OCT) imaging remains largely unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between OCT plaque characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes throughout 5 years as part of the CLIMA (Relationship Between OCT Coronary Plaque Morphology and Clinical Outcome) study. Methods: In the multicenter, international, prospective CLIMA study, 1,003 patients underwent OCT evaluation of the untreated proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The 4 prespecified high-risk criteria were thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), minimum luminal area <3.5 mm2, lipid arc >180°, and the presence of macrophages. The primary composite endpoint was cardiac death or target segment myocardial infarction (TS-MI). Results: At 5-year follow-up (median 1,825 days; Q1-Q3: 1,137-1,825 days), the presence of all 4 OCT criteria, observed in 3.6% of patients at baseline, was independently associated with the primary endpoint (adjusted HR: 4.33; 95% CI: 2.01-9.33). The individual risks for cardiac death (HR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.59-8.73) and TS-MI (HR: 7.02; 95% CI: 2.37-20.77) were significantly increased in patients with vs without all 4 OCT criteria. The combined presence of 4 OCT criteria remained significantly associated with the primary endpoint independently of high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy (adjusted HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.21-7.11). The presence of any TCFA was observed in 18.3% of patients and was similarly predictive of cardiac death and/or TS-MI. Conclusions: The simultaneous presence of 4 OCT high-risk features, although infrequent, was independently associated with cardiac death or TS-MI on long-term follow-up. The presence of any TCFA was 5-fold as prevalent and similarly predictive of 5-year adverse outcomes. (Relationship Between OCT Coronary Plaque Morphology and Clinical Outcome [CLIMA]; NCT02883088
Ricerche di iconografia monetale. Dalla parte degli osservatori
No full textIn the long history of the study of coin iconography, in more recent times there has been an increasing need to focus on the recipients of the 'dialogue‘ mediated by images and words impressed on the coinage. The purpose of this focus is to test the effective communicative capacity of coin types and legends from the users’ point of view. The paper aims to examine it regarding a specific subject of imperial coinage, namely the representation of Spes on two sestertius issues of Claudiu
"Chi sono io?": seguendo Agostino nel cammino che ci porta verso Dio
No full textThis article explores the Augustinian question “Who am I?” as a foundational inquiry into personal identity, not as an abstract philosophical puzzle, but as a lived, existential search marked by restlessness, desire, and interiority. Drawing primarily on the Confessions, the author traces how Augustine frames identity as a dynamic process involving memory, love, and relationship. The human self is not merely rational or autonomous, but a being shaped by what it loves (ordo amoris), and rooted in the memory that opens to the presence of God. The article shows how Augustine’s thought remains powerfully relevant today, offering a vision of the self as relational, finite yet open to the infinite, and ultimately called to communion with God. In an age of fragmented or self-constructed identities, Augustine proposes an inner path of truth, memory, and grace
Effects of dietary supplementation with olive cake enriched in polyphenols on growth, rumen fermentation, and metabolic status of finishing Limousine bulls
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing olive cake (OC) enriched with polyphenols (EOC) on the performance, inflammometabolic response, and rumen metabolism of Limousine bulls. Thirty bulls were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly allocated to two groups (15 per group): a 0% inclusion group (CTR) and a 13% inclusion group of EOC in the concentrate (EOC) for 80 days. At 0, 40, and 80 days of treatment, individual BW measurements and blood samples were collected, while rumen fluid samples were taken after slaughter. The EOC group exhibited higher levels of rumen propionate and heptanoate, along with lower levels of acetate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate compared to the CTR group. Additionally, the EOC group showed increased blood urea, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase, while levels of fructosamine, albumin, ferric reducing antioxidant power, calcium, and zinc were lower compared to the CTR group. Although performance did not differ significantly between the groups, the inclusion of OC in the concentrate may negatively impact feed efficiency, potentially leading to reduced liver functionality due to the high content of low-degradable NDF and elevated ADF levels in the enriched OC, along with possibly increased organic peroxides. Nonetheless, rumen fermentation data indicate a positive modulation of rumen metabolism towards volatile fatty acid (VFA) production pathways that reduce hydrogen ion availability for methane production