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FRESH, MECHANICAL, DURABILITY AND CORROSION PROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
No full textThe main goal of this study is to investigate the effects of using basalt fibers on the fresh, mechanical, durability and corrosion properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC). The study is performed with varying basalt fiber volumes of 0%, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.50% by total concrete volume; utilizing two different water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. The results were compared to conventional concrete as well as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The first part of the experimental program, consisted of 14 different concrete mixtures that have been cast using conventional Portland cement with a design compressive strength of 5,075 psi at 28 days (typical strength for slabs and similar applications in which fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) are utilized). The second part of the experimental program investigated the effect of basalt fiber on corrosion rates and corrosion potential for steel reinforcement embedded in mortar mixtures. The first experimental program included fresh, mechanical and durability properties of the developed concrete mixtures. The fresh properties included slump and unit weight; mechanical properties included compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and average residual strength; durability properties included unrestrained drying shrinkage and chloride ion penetrability evaluation. The developed mixtures were prepared and evaluated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The second experimental program investigated the effects of basalt fibers on corrosion properties of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar by performing a rapid macrocell corrosion evaluation test, prepared and evaluated by Federal Highway Association (FHWA) Report FHWA-HRT-07-043. It is concluded that the use of basalt fibers reduces slump values as fiber volume increases, however with the use of the right amount of HRWA, slump target values can be achieved. Results indicate that the use of basalt fibers improve tensile, flexural, and average residual strength properties as fiber volume increase; up to 28.92%, 45.86% and 71.82%, respectively. Results also suggest that the use of basalt fibers may decrease compressive strength at 28 days. Durability properties are also improved with the addition of basalt fibers as fiber volume increases. It is suggested to use a fiber volume of 30% to optimize overall mechanical and durability properties of the mixtures. On the other hand, results suggest that the use of basalt fibers may increase corrosion rates and accelerate the time of corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar. Therefore, is not suggested to be used for such applications.masters, M.S., Civil Engineering -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-1
Chatcolab 2019
No full textCamp Packet for Chatcolab Northwest Leadership lab that contains program planning, activities, stories, and menus/recipes. Only bound materials have been scanned; this digital collection does not contain any associated ephemera from the donors notebook
Gender and the Cultural Impact of War in Weimar Germany: Moral Degeneration and Regeneration
No full textAbstract: The increased anxiety over blurred gender roles led to feelings of a national moral decline in Weimar Germany. Germany’s defeat in World War I was the catalyst for this revaluation and ultimate re-entrenchment of traditional gender roles. The Verwilderung der Sitten (Degeneration of Morals) debate played out in the economic, political, social and cultural realms. The majority of Germans understood their culture and values within the cultural reflectors of the time-literature, art, fashion, the press and film. These mediums offer a unique glimpse into how contemporaries understood the Verwilderung der Sitten debate. I use five tropes to demonstrate the preoccupation with changing gender roles as a symbol for moral degeneration or regeneration in Weimar Germany. The New Woman, the Weimar Prostitute and the Hysterical Veteran symbolize the degenerate, defeated, emasculated Germany because they all three transgress established gender roles. The Verwilderung der Sitten debate also included two figures of regeneration whom represented traditional gender roles. The Nietzschean Soldier and German Mother offered a cure to the changing gender roles and suspect morality through their adherence to conventional morality.doctoral, Ph.D., History -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Making and Appreciating Abstract Art Today
No full texteXOspACES is a sublime, Cyberpunk-inspired collection of abstract digital videos and sound art pieces that express my angst about current trends in technology. Based on remixing my best jet-fighter gameplay and solo jazz improvisations on electric bass, eXOspACES is a culturally-relevant, abstract multimedia collection of scalable, adaptable, and customizable, digital art projections that participants are encouraged to manipulate using settings such as “Loop, adjust speed, quality, brightness, volume, etc.” Reminiscent of the upbeat, synthetic textures of arcades and roller rinks, awe-inspiring planetariums, and dynamic liquid/laser light shows from my youth, eXOspACES offers the reader-writer an ominous, albeit nostalgic, look at the frightening times we face in the Information/Digital/Computer Age. And, as a hand-picked selection of “lossy” new media, its uncanny obsolescence evokes the sublime by echoing environments akin to the pre-Oedipal wombs of the past like caves, cathedrals, and cinemas.masters, M.F.A., Art & Design -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Aphid Pests and Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Fall-Sown Dry Pea (Pisum sativum) in the Inland Pacific Northwest Region
No full textSpring-sown dry pea, Pisum sativum, is an important rotational crop grown with wheat in the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. In the lower rainfall regions of the Palouse, spring-sown dry pea are not viable rotational crops. New varieties of dry pea adapted for germination in the fall have proved to be a better alternative to spring-sown pea as rotational crops with wheat in the lower rainfall regions of the Palouse. Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), are a major pest to spring-sown dry pea, in the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Pea aphids present a threat to dry pea in the region through direct injury from feeding or indirect injury by transmitting viruses, predominantly Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) and Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV). The threat of pea aphid to fall-sown dry pea is not known. The general objectives of this thesis were to assess the threat of pea aphid colonization and virus infection in fall-sown dry pea in the Palouse region. The first objective was to determine if pea aphid abundance and virus status in fall-sown pea locations was different to those in spring-sown pea locations. Virus prevalence within the crop was also compared between the two crops. In a two-year field survey, pea aphids were trapped at both fall-sown and spring-sown pea locations. Aphids were collected and tested for virus. Results showed that aphid abundance and virus status did not differ between fall and spring-sown pea locations. Plant samples were collected from both fall and spring-sown pea locations and tested for virus. Results showed that virus prevalence within the crop also did not differ between fall and spring-sown pea. It is important to note that pea aphids were collected in fall-sown pea locations in the fall of both years of the study, but determined not to be carrying virus. Nonetheless, virus was detected in plant samples collected in the fall from fall-sown pea plants. The second objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the timing of viruliferous (PEMV) pea aphid inoculations and yield parameters of fall-sown pea. Previous studies indicate that plants inoculated earlier in their development are more prone to a higher yield loss than plants inoculated at later development stages. Experiments took place at the University of Idaho Parker Farm and the University of Idaho Kambitsch Farm and a greenhouse experiment at the University of Idaho Manis Laboratory. A similar experiment was performed using spring-sown pea for comparison at the Kambitsch Farm. Periodical inoculations were performed on pea plants in the field and in the greenhouse. Three inoculations were performed before winter and three inoculations were performed after winter. The timing of inoculation was measured as growing degree days (GDD). Inoculations of fall-sown pea in the field experiments took place after plants had experienced 41.5, 42, 44 (before winter), 187.5, 280 and 387.5 (after winter) GDD after emergence. In order to compare with fall-sown pea, Inoculations of spring-sown pea took place after plants had experienced about 44, 187.5 and 280 GDD. The field experiments in this research supported the hypothesis that plants inoculated at early growth stages will exhibit greater yield losses. Additionally, spring-sown pea plants that were inoculated at similar growth stages as fall-sown pea plants exhibited less yield loss than did fall-sown pea. Regression analysis expressing yield parameters as a function of the timing of inoculation (GDD) resulted in statistically significant (p > 0.05) models for total plant biomass per replicate and mean U.S. #1 grade weight per plant in the field experiments at the Kambitsch Farm and the Parker Farm. All inoculations before winter were pooled together and compared to the pooled inoculations that took place after winter revealing that plants that are inoculated before winter exhibit a significant decrease in yield parameters compared to plants that are inoculated after winter. Results of these experiments indicate that fall-sown pea is subject to greater yield loss if inoculated to virus in the fall. However, results from the two-year field survey demonstrated that pea aphid presence in the fall is very low, and virus infection of plants in the fall is very low as well. Therefore, based on this research, it can be concluded that fall-sown pea does not require additional steps to manage virus risk in the fall. It remains possible that virus injury in fall-sown pea could be substantial in the fall on the Palouse or in the more arid production zones of eastern Washington in the future, justifying management action. Because of the potential threat to excessive virus injury in the fall and with projected climate change, the need for continued work is absolute.masters, M.S., Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Polyampholyte Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications
No full textPolyampholyte polymers are being investigated for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. These polymers are composed of equimolar positively and negatively charged monomers and they possess nonfouling properties that reduce the risk of a foreign body response. Nonfouling combined with tunable mechanical and drug release properties make them very suitable for many applications in the biomedical field. In this work, the mechanical and degradation properties are characterized as a function of cross-linker species. Specifically, we evaluated the influence that the number of ethylene glycol repeat units has on the overall material performance by synthesizing and evaluating hydrogels containing di-, tri-, and tetra-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker species. The degradation studies were conducted for over 100 days in Sorenson’s buffer with pH values of 4.5, 7.4, and 9.0 by tracking the swelling behavior and weight change over time. The mechanical properties were evaluated using compression and tensile testing to failure. Additionally, a piezoelectric droplet on demand generator was designed and constructed to produce polyampholyte microspheres for drug delivery. The microspheres were composed of a 1:1 molar ratio of [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (TMA, positively charged) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CAA, negatively charged) monomers cross-linked with TEGDMA. Polymerization was initiated using LAP photoinitiator upon droplet ejection. This study evaluated the viability of using these microspheres for releasing vitamin D3 and metanil yellow into biological media. The size and nonfouling properties were also investigated. In these studies, we found that the cross-linker chain length does influence the mechanical properties and degradation behavior. Droplet generation of nonfouling polyampholyte microspheres was successful; however, there was no success with long-term drug release of vitamin D3 or metanil yellow. Polyampholytes still show promise for use in biomedical applications, though the droplet generator would need some modifications to use these microspheres for drug delivery.masters, M.Engr., Chemical and Materials Science Engineering -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Optimized production practices for winter canola (Brassica napus L.), and rotation effects of winter and spring canola in Northern Idaho
No full textPacific Northwest (PNW) agriculture is dominated by small grain cereal production systems. Ranking highest in national wheat yield per area plus more than 100 years of experience growing wheat might explain why agriculture is one dimensional in this region. However, there is growing concern about the reliance on small grain cereal production because cereal pest and grass weed pressure continues to increase; increasing the cost of production and lowering yields. Diversifying production systems increases soil health and small grain cereal yields but has not been shown to be the most economically successful strategy to help farmers meet their bottom line. There are limited successful alternative crops adapted to the Pacific Northwest climate. Grain legume and Brassica crops have shown the greatest potential for rotating with winter wheat, the most predominate cereal crop. Brassica species are grown on limited hectares because farmers’ lack familiarity with the crop, and because of a history of crop failure. However, Brassica crops like canola have unique sustainability rotation benefits and have greater yield potential in the PNW than any other US area. This study is designed to analyze the viability of canola in winter wheat rotations compared to other rotation strategies and to determine best management practices that will optimize production and grower returns of canola in the PNW.masters, M.S., Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
