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疫学研究から考える食と女性の健康
No full textEpidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why. Epidemiological information is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease has already developed. Women experience physical and mental changes that are different from those in men, depending on the concentrations of female hormones secreted and changes in life events (e.g., marriage, childbirth, child rearing, etc.). There have been various epidemiological studies on the relationships between dietary intake and women’s health. In particular, plant estrogens (isoflavones), which are structurally similar to female hormones, have been reported to be associated with various health conditions in women including endometriosis, menopausal disorders, and osteoporosis. In addition, dietary intake is an important factor for the maintenance of health not only in women but also in men. It has recently been reported that intake of soy products and isoflavones is involved in the maintenance of cognitive function and longevity in middle-aged and elderly Japanese people. Thus, it has been suggested that habitual dietary intake, especially a dietary style that includes soy products, might contribute to human health regardless of gender.journal articl
新卒看護師が訪問看護ステーションに就職することについての教員の認識と就職支援の関連
No full text目的：看護基礎教育修了後すぐに訪問看護師になることへの教員の認識と就職支援の関連を明らかにする。方法：看護系大学教員に対し質問紙調査を実施した。結果：115名から回答があった（有効回答率19.8％）。教員は本人の希望，就職先の看護の質と内容，就職先の教育体制を大切に考えて就職支援を行っていた。訪問看護師になりたいと相談を受けた教員は約７割いたが相談後に就職した学生がいた教員は５割であった。病院等で経験を積んだ後に訪問看護師になることを勧める教員は約１割おり，その理由として教育体制の不十分さや高い実践能力の必要性をあげていた。訪問看護ステーションに就職する場合は病院より高いレベルの看護実践能力を求められると考えていた。結論：訪問看護ステーションに就職する場合には病院に就職する場合よりも高い実践能力が求められるとの認識をもつ教員は，病院で経験を積んだ後に訪問看護師になることを勧める傾向にあった。Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between faculty members’ perceptions of new graduates becoming visiting nurses immediately after completing basic nursing education and the provision of employment support. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing university faculty members. Results: Responses were received from 115 participants (valid response rate: 19.8%). Faculty members provide employment support by considering individual preferences, the quality and nature of nursing at the place of employment, and the post-employment educational system. Approximately 70% of faculty members had been consulted about becoming visiting nurses, but half of them did not find any such employment. Around 10% of faculty members recommended gaining hospital experience before becoming a visiting nurse, citing the need for higher practical nursing skills and inadequate educational systems in home-visit nursing stations. Conclusions: Faculty members who acknowledged the necessity for higher practical skills in home-visit nursing compared to hospital settings tended to recommend that students first gain experience in hospitals prior to becoming visiting nurses.journal articl
Plantar Pressure and Shear Stress During Gait in People with Diabetic Neuropathy
Get PDFAims: Diabetic foot ulcers are a leading cause of lower extremity amputations, significantly affecting the quality of life. Excessive plantar surface pressure and shear stress are key factors in ulcer development and aggravation. This study aimed to determine the association of these forces with the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy to help in foot ulcer treatment and prevention.
Methods: Participants were categorized into four groups: individuals with no diabetes (NS), people with diabetes without peripheral neuropathy or foot ulcer history (DM), those with diabetes with peripheral neuropathy but no foot ulcer history (DPN), and people with diabetes with active or past foot ulcers (DFU). Plantar pressure and shear stress were measured during walking.
Results: The study included 47 participants. The DFU group demonstrated significantly higher pressure peak value and plantar pressure time integral value at the fifth metatarsal head compared to the DPN and DM groups. The DPN group exhibited significantly higher shear stress time integral and shear stress time compared to the NS group.
Conclusions: In the DPN group, an increase in shear stress was observed. In the DFU group, an increase in plantar pressure and a tendency for an increase in shear stress were noted. Further research is needed to understand how these changes trigger the onset of foot ulcers.doctoral thesi
The effect of HEMA and 10-MDP in the bonding agent of a two-step self-etch system on water sorption, elastic modulus, and microtensile bond strength to dentin
Get PDFThis study evaluated the effects of HEMA and 10-MDP in the bonding agent in a 2-step self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil SE Bond 2, on water sorption (Wsp) and elastic modulus (E) of the polymerized bonding agent. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin was also evaluated initially and after 10,000 thermal cycles (TC10,000). Four bonding agents were tested: the original, H-free (excluding HEMA), M-free (excluding 10-MDP), and HM-free (excluding HEMA and 10-MDP). HEMA increased Wsp and decreased E. Initial μTBS (TC0) was highest for the original and lowest for HM-free. After TC10,000, the original maintained the highest μTBS, indicating the importance of HEMA and 10-MDP. TC10,000 did not reduce μTBS for any groups. HEMA and 10-MDP compromised mechanical property and increased water sorption, suggesting these components could potentially compromise adhesive stability.doctoral thesi
Relationship between vertical hyoid bone position and swallowing function in older adults
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate swallowing function of older adults with lowered hyoid bone position.
Methods: A total of 60 older adults (23 males and 37 females, mean age: 70.1 years) with no diagnosed dysphagia participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups (High and Low group) based on the anterior point of the hyoid bone (H) with respect to the line connecting the most inferior and anterior point on the corpus of the third cervical vertebra (C3) and Menton (Me). Swallowing function was measured using the Repetitive Saliva Swallow Test (RSST), the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), jaw-opening force (JOF) and tongue pressure (TP). Each group was studied for its relationship to swallowing function. Additionally, the RSST of males and females in the Low group were compared.
Results: Males in the Low group had a significantly higher JOF (P = 0.009) in the RSST ≥ 5 group than in the RSST < 5 group. Females in the Low group had no measurements that showed significant differences between the RSST ≥ 4 and RSST < 4 groups.
Conclusion: JOF may affect swallowing function in older males with lowered hyoid bone position.doctoral thesi
Sex differences in the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and left atrial volume index
Get PDFBackground
Sex disparities in the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) and cardiovascular disease have been reported. The sex-dependent effects of EATV on left atrial (LA) size have not been elucidated.
Methods
Consecutive 247 subjects (median 65 [interquartile range 57, 75] years; 67% of men) who underwent multi-detector computed tomography without significant coronary artery disease or moderate to severe valvular disease were divided into two groups: patients with sinus rhythm (SR) or atrial fibrillation (AF). Sex differences in the association between the EATV index (EATVI) (mL/m2) and LA volume index (LAVI) in 63 SR (28 men and 35 women) and 184 AF (137 men and 47 women) patients were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
Results
In overall that includes both men and women, the relationship between EATVI and LAVI was not significantly correlated for patients with SR and AF. The relationship between EATVI and LAVI differed between men and women in both SR and AF groups. In SR patients, there was a positive relationship between EATVI and LAVI in men, but not in women. In contrast, in patients with AF, a negative relationship was found between EATVI and LAVI in women, whereas no association was found in men.
Conclusions
We evaluated sex differences in the association between EATVI and LAVI in patients with either SR or AF, and found a positive relationship in men with SR and a negative relationship in women with AF. This is the first report to evaluate sex differences in the relationship between EATVI and LAVI, suggesting that EAT may play a role, at least in part, in sex differences in the etiology of AF.journal articl