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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase/Rutile-Mixed Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Annealed with Polyethylene Glycol at Low Temperatures in Aluminum Foil-Covered Combustion Boats
Get PDFWe propose a facile carbon-doping process to enhance the photocatalytic activity of anatase/rutile-mixed phase TiO2 nanoparticles using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The TiO2-PEG composite was loaded into a boat and covered tightly with Al foil to increase the pressure inside that boat during annealing. The boat was annealed for 1 h at different temperatures and PEG ratios. The annealing with 30% PEG at 300 ℃ enhanced the decomposition of organic pollutants and bacterial inactivation under 405 nm light compared to the annealing without Al films. This annealing caused 2.5−3% carbon doping, introduced more oxygen vacancies, and converted PEG into organic compounds rich in C−C bond components. These modifications of TiO2 can be attributed to carbon-centred radicals produced from PEG during annealing. The modifications changed the band structure to enhance the photogenerated carrier concentration responsible for the photocatalytic activity. The carbon doping narrowed the anatase and rutile bandgaps, allowing the anatase phase to absorb 405 nm light. The introduced oxygen vacancies increased the electron-trapping sites and raised the adsorbed oxygen groups enhancing the upward band bending and the depletion layer depth at the surface. The PEG-converted compounds can transfer photogenerated electrons within the compounds to the TiO2 conduction band.journal articl
板東収容所元捕虜ベルリーナーの『阿波の国における藍の取引組織』について
Get PDFDer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Siegfried Berliner, ein ehemaliger Kriegsgefangener im Bando-Gefangenenlager und Professor an der Kaiserlichen Universität Tokyo, veröffentlichte nach der Befreiung sein Buch „Organisation des Indigo-Handels im Lande Awa“. Über dieses Buch ist in der Bando-Forschung wenig bekannt. Die Aktivitäten von Berliner nach der Befreiung haben nicht viel Aufmerksamkeit erregt, es wurde lediglich auf seine Vortragstätigkeit innerhalb und außerhalb der Lager und auf die Tätigkeit in OAG hingewiesen. In diesem Buch analysiert Berliner jedoch nicht nur die Wirtschaft des Indigohandels, sondern beschreibt auch das Klima, die Geschichte und die Traditionen von Tokushima, wo sich das Bando-Lager befand.
In diesem Artikel wird Berliner in seinem Buch „Organisation des Indigo-Handels im Lande Awa“ vorgestellt, und es wird untersucht, wie Berliner den Handel mit Indigo, einer Spezialität von Awa (Tokushima), und die daran beteiligten Personen beschreibt. Es wird auch deutlich, dass er nicht genug Aufmerksamkeit bekommen hat und dass er zwar in dem Lager nicht diskriminiert wurde, aber im späteren Nazi Deutschland als Jude angefeindet wurde.departmental bulletin pape
房条件での要素パターンに対する纏まり性
No full textRotational and reflectional transformations were applied to dot patterns within a square grid generating cyclic (Cn) and dihedral (Dn) groups (n = 1, 2, 4). The unifiedness of cluster conditions in a 9 x 9 grid was measured with a focus of explaining the goodness, simplicity, and unifiedness of 8-, 13-, and 21-dot patterns using a three-stage serial processing model. This model proposes that an anisotropic spatial filter at the primary stage enhances the simplicity and unifiedness of 8- and 13-dot D2 linear patterns. The simplicity and unifiedness of the other dot patterns and the goodness of all dot patterns are processed in the secondary stage where there is no significant difference between C2n and Dn (n =1, 2) or in the tertiary stage where there is significant difference. The unifiedness of the 21-dot D4 pattern is lower than D2, and the 21-dot patterns do not monotonically increase with group order due to the tight configuration of the dots.departmental bulletin pape
大学生におけるSNSの利用態度がインターネット依存傾向および交友満足度に及ぼす影響
No full textInternet usage has become widespread across all generations in the last few decades, with young people being particularly active users, especially on social media. The use of social networking services (SNS) by college students can have both beneficial and detrimental effects, depending on the purpose of use. However, consistent findings on the relationship between SNS usage and student life have not been obtained, and there are few studies on this topic. This study aims to investigate the impact of SNS usage attitudes on Internet addiction dependency, and the quality of student life, among university students. The analysis revealed that using SNS “to kill time” increased Internet addiction, while using it “for communication” decreased dependency. These results suggest that enriching real-life experiences is needed to prevent Internet addiction and enhance the overall quality of student life.departmental bulletin pape
Synthesis of Methyl 2-[Bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate as a Novel Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons-Type Reagent and Its Application to the Diastereodivergent Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters
No full textMethyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate has proven to be an efficient Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE)-type reagent for the diastereodivergent synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-unsaturated esters. Under the conditions of excess NaHMDS relative to the HWE-type reagent, the HWE-type reactions of methyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate with various aldehydes afforded the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters in an E-selective manner in up to 100:0 E/Z ratio. However, when an excess of the HWE-type reagent was used relative to NaHMDS, the stereoselectivity of the HWE-type reactions was dramatically changed from E to Z, yielding an E/Z ratio of up to 2:98.journal articl
A Multi-Local Search-Based SHADE for Wind Farm Layout Optimization
No full textWind farm layout optimization (WFLO) is focused on utilizing algorithms to devise a more rational turbine layout, ultimately maximizing power generation efficiency. Traditionally, genetic algorithms have been frequently employed in WFLO due to the inherently discrete nature of the problem. However, in recent years, researchers have shifted towards enhancing continuous optimization algorithms and incorporating constraints to address WFLO challenges. This approach has shown remarkable promise, outperforming traditional genetic algorithms and gaining traction among researchers. To further elevate the performance of continuous optimization algorithms in the context of WFLO, we introduce a multi-local search-based SHADE, termed MS-SHADE. MS-SHADE is designed to fine-tune the trade-off between convergence speed and algorithmic diversity, reducing the likelihood of convergence stagnation in WFLO scenarios. To assess the effectiveness of MS-SHADE, we employed a more extensive and intricate wind condition model in our experiments. In a set of 16 problems, MS-SHADE’s average utilization efficiency improved by 0.14% compared to the best algorithm, while the optimal utilization efficiency increased by 0.3%. The results unequivocally demonstrate that MS-SHADE surpasses state-of-the-art WFLO algorithms by a significant margin.journal articl
Silicone stent placement for tracheal stenosis induced by a giant goiter due to Graves’ disease : a case report
No full textBackground: Although thyroid tumors with tracheal stenosis are occasionally encountered, severe tracheal stenosis caused by benign thyroid tumors is rare. We herein describe a case in which a silicone tracheal stent was placed for severe tracheal stenosis induced by a giant goiter due to Graves’ disease.
Case Description: A 93-year-old woman had been receiving thiamazole treatment for Graves’ disease with a thyroid goiter for 32 years. She emergently presented to the hospital with sudden difficulty breathing and the temporary loss of consciousness. Although marked stridor was heard, the patient’s respiratory status was stable in the first visit. Computed tomography revealed a giant thyroid goiter that extended to the mediastinum. The trachea was compressed by the sternal notch and thyroid gland, resulting in severe stenosis, and the tracheal lumen was only 1 mm. Surgical thyroidectomy was expected to be difficult due to the high risk of complications associated with the large size of the goiter and advanced age of the patient. Therefore, we decided to place a tracheal stent. A silicone stent (Dumon tube®) was inserted into the site of tracheal stenosis under general anesthesia. After stent placement, respiratory distress symptoms improved, and no complications were observed. Three months after stent placement, the stent opening side was narrowed due to defective granulation and, thus, was cauterized with argon plasma coagulation.
Conclusions: We encountered a patient who was treated by tracheal silicone stent placement for severe tracheal stenosis induced by a giant goiter due to Graves’ disease. A silicone stent effectively secures the airway for benign thyroid tumors that cause severe airway stenosis.journal articl