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聚合性單寧酸對圈養台灣獼猴(Macaca cyclopis) 消化生理之影響
No full text植物之化學成分可能影響植食動物之消化生理，進而影響其取食模式及覓食策略，故了解動
物消化生理反應與植物次級化合物(secondary compound)之相關性，是研究其覓食策略之重要基
礎。本研究檢視聚合性單寧酸對台灣獼猴消化生理之影響，將有助於了解植物化學成分與其覓食
策略之關係。利用在餵食食物中添加食物乾物質重3%及6%之白堅木(Quebracho)粉末(含聚合性
單寧酸達76.5 mg/g DM)，量測受試圈養台灣獼猴(Macaca cyclopis)之進食量、腸道滯留時間、表
面消化率等消化生理數值，以及聚合性單寧酸回收率。排遺分析所得聚合性單寧酸回收率均高於
90%，攝入較高濃度聚合性單寧酸顯著降低台灣獼猴之進食量，但對食物腸道滯留時間並無顯著
影響，此外，食物之聚合性單寧酸含量對台灣獼猴之乾物質及蛋白質消化率有顯著影響。研究結果顯示，台灣獼猴無法降解或分解聚合性單寧酸，而其消化生理受聚合性單寧酸之顯著影響，故植物所含聚合性單寧酸濃度是影響台灣獼猴覓食策略因素之一
To Lead or not to Lead – Reverting President Trump’s Retreat from United States’ Traditional Leading Role in Promoting Human Rights Through Trade
No full textTraditionally, the United States has long been the promoter of human rights (especially labor rights) protection through trade measures and agreements. But the “America first” policy adopted by the Trump Administration has created negative impressions of the United States being hostile toward existing Free Trade Agreements (hereinafter “FTAs”) and being unenthusiastic about promoting labor rights or human rights protection through FTAs. The paper argues that the “America first” policy and the human rights promotion can co-exist. If the United States can make it clear that its position of promoting human rights and labor rights protection through its FTAs and its Generalized System of Preferences (hereinafter “GSP”) has not been changed under the “America first” policy, it could enhance the justification of its position in renegotiating agreements with its trading partners. On the other hand, if the impression that the United States is giving up its leadership in promoting human rights and labor rights protection through trade measures and agreements is continued, the justification of its policy in renegotiating the trade agreements would be weakened. Hence it should be important for the United States to remove such negative impression of retreating from its traditional leading role
Brain Drain Issue and Health Professionals? Migration from West Africa
No full text非洲的疾病負擔占全球的25%，但其衛生專業人員則只占全球的3%。缺少衛生專業人力的最主要原因在於衛生專業人員的全球遷移。本研究調查西非衛生專業人員的遷移意圖，並找出預測遷移的影響因子。利用網路問卷，收集118位曾經參與2005-2013年間世界衛生組織在西非（WAHO）成立的青年專業實習計畫（YPIP）的衛生專業人員。問卷回收率93.2%（100/118），其中公共衛生官員74%，醫療人員26%。描述性分析結果顯示出衛生專業人員的遷移受到職涯發展的相關因子影響，包括職涯發展機會（93%）、適合的工作配對（90%）、工作升遷（73%）和工作上的獨立性（72%）。多元迴歸分析顯示性別、婚姻狀況、工作時數、以前的工作資歷、以前工作的國家和工作資訊是否透過社會網絡而來，是影響遷移重要預測因子（p < 0.05）。西非衛生專業人員具有全球遷移的傾向，呼籲進行有效干涉以降低西非衛生領域的潛在人才外流。Despite being home to 25% of the global burden of disease, sub-Saharan Africa only has 3% of the global health workforce. A major contributory factor to this lack of human resources for the health workforce includes the migration of health professionals to rich countries. Using nominal, ordinal and scale items, this paper investigates the migration intentions of West African health professionals, and the factors that are likely to predict their decision to emigrate. An online survey of 118 health professionals who participated in the Young Professional Internship Program (YPIP) of the West African Health Organization (WAHO) from 2005-2013 was undertaken. The response rate was 84.7% (100/118), of which 74% were public health officers and 26% were medical doctors. The results of the descriptive analysis show that health professionals intending to emigrate will generally do so for career development related factors. These include opportunities for career development, suitable job match, job promotion, and independent control of practice. Multiple regression analysis shows that variables such as gender, marital status, working hours, previous job tenure and country of previous job tenure, and source of job information are all significant predictors in their decisions to migrate (p < 0.05). The migration intentions expressed in this study suggest high emigration potential among these West African health professionals, and calls for the development of effective interventions to reduce their brain drain from the West African health sector
Life of Theory / Theory in Life: An interview with Hsien-hao Sebastian Liao on the Question of Theory
No full textPolitical Connection and Firm Performance
No full text本文主要探討公司成員政治背景是否影響企業績效。本文以大股東、最高階主管或董事成員是否擔任過中央政府官員、民意代表及相關政黨工作等特性，作為公司政治背景之替代變數，以台灣2005 年至2011 年之上市櫃公司為研究對象，實證結果發現，具有政治背景之公司，無論是會計績效或市場績效皆顯著較差。另將政治相關職位做進一步的分析發現，當公司有較高比例的董事成員擔任過中央政府官員或民意代表時，不但未能替公司增加價值，反而會產生較差的公司績效，此結果不受董事成員專業知
識高低的影響，且在金融海嘯前後期均有相同的結果。最後，本文亦考慮公司取得政治連結的動機，結果發現，無論是否有較高的未來投資機會，政治連結均與公司績效呈顯著負相關，此外當公司有未來融資需求以及有較高的租稅管理程度時，政治連結對公司績效有顯著負向影響。This paper investigates how political connections affect firm performance. Different from prior studies, we enlarge the scope of political connections to include the board of directors in addition to large shareholders and top management. Besides, we also examine connection types, including connections through political parties, members of parliament, and government ministers. Using a sample of Taiwanese-listed firms from years 2005 to 2011, we find that politically-connected firms have lower accounting performance as well as lower market performance. Further analysis indicates that firms have weaker performance when they have higher proportions of directors serving as central government officers or legislative body representatives. The negative association is not affected by the director’s level of professional knowledge and exists both before and after the financial crisis. The results are also consistent across different incentives (including future growth opportunities, financing needs, and tax avoidance) for politically-connected firms