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Chronic Exposure to the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol: Impact on Performance, Immune Organ, and Intestinal Integrity of Slow-Growing Chickens
No full textAbstract: This study investigates the long-term effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) consumption on
avian growth performance, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage of spleen cells, and
on intestinal integrity. Two hundred and eight 5-day-old black-feathered Taiwan country chickens
were fed diets containing 0, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of DON for 16 weeks. Body weight gain of male birds
in the 2 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the 5 mg/kg group. At the end of trial,
feeding DON-contaminated diets of 5 mg/kg resulted in heavier spleens. Moreover, the increase in
DON induced cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage signals in the spleen, the exception
being female birds fed 10 mg/kg of DON showing reduced proliferation. Expression of claudin-5
was increased in jejunum of female birds fed 2 and 5 mg/kg of DON, whereas decreased expression
levels were found in male birds. In conclusion, our results verified that DON may cause a disturbance
to the immune system and alter the intestinal barrier in Taiwan country chickens, and may also lead
to discrepancies in growth performances in a dose- and sex-dependent manner
烏梅萃取物抗小鼠下痢之效果評估
No full text：本研究之目的係以小鼠下痢模式進行烏梅萃取物之抗下痢效果之探討，試驗分為（一）烏梅萃取物之萃取與製備、（二）烏梅萃取物對蓖麻油誘導下痢與福斯克林活化劑（forskolin）刺激腸道分泌之影響及（三）長期給予烏梅萃取物對抗下痢效果與腸道菌相之探討。試驗一：用丙酮、水及甲醇等不同溶劑萃取烏梅，以 70% 丙酮萃取的檸檬酸含量（23.42 ± 3.42 mg/mL）最高，凍乾之烏梅萃取物的檸檬酸含量高達 52%。試驗二: 以烏梅萃取物灌食 12 週齡小鼠，用於評估其對蓖麻油誘導下痢與福斯克林活化劑刺激腸道分泌之影響。結果顯示灌食 1,400 mg/kg BW 烏梅萃取物，可顯著延緩施予蓖麻油後第一次排水便時間（P < 0.05）、降低糞便評分（P < 0.05）及減緩福斯克林活化劑刺激之腸道離子分泌。添加相對濃度的檸檬酸亦有相同效果，但檸檬酸之半抑制濃度（half inhibition concentration, IC50）為 0.73 mg/mL 高於烏梅萃取物的 0.68 mg/mL，顯示除檸檬酸外，烏梅萃取物中尚含有可減緩腸道過度分泌的其他活性成分。試驗三: 連續給予烏梅萃取物 4週，用於評估其對小鼠腸道菌相改變及減緩蓖麻油誘導下痢之長期效應。結果顯示連續給予 4 週後，烏梅萃取物處理組小鼠的糞便大腸桿菌菌數顯著低於對照組（P < 0.05）。綜觀上述，烏梅萃取物可減緩蓖麻油誘導之下痢及福斯克林活化劑刺激之腸道分泌，具有抗小鼠下痢的效果，未來有可能用於預防其他動物發生下痢的問題
