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Preface for the AJWH’s Special Issue on President Trump’s Trade Policy – Proper Assessment of the Possible Disruption to the Status Quo
No full textEvaluation on the effects of ageing factor, sampling and preservation methods on Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) noninvasive DNA amplification
No full textNoninvasive genetic sampling allows studying wildlife without having to catch, handle or even observe individuals. In this study, factors which may affect the quality of noninvasive samples of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the subtropical areas were identified. We collected hair and faecal samples from captive Asiatic black bears and quantitatively evaluated the effects of hair age (from fresh to 60 days), faeces age (from fresh to 14 days), faeces sampling locations (i.e. sample collected from either the surface, inside or a mixture of both the surface and inside of faeces), and faeces preservation methods (frozen or kept at room temperature in 95% ethanol) on amplification success rates of mitochondrial DNA fragments of different sizes (450bp, 900bp, and 1600bp). The results showed that the amplification success rates decreased with sample age and amplicon size in both hair and faecal DNA. In subtropical environment, there was no significant difference between amplification success of DNA extracted from fresh and 7-day-old samples of either the hair or faeces. The amplification success rates were not influenced by sampling location of faeces. For faeces preserved in 95% ethanol, the amplification success appeared unaffected by frozen at -20 °C or kept at room temperature in shorter mtDNA fragments, but was significantly influenced when amplicon size was 1600bp. The results of this study will reinforce the optimization of noninvasive sampling approaches in Asiatic black bear research, especially in the subtropics
Study on Ceramic Technological Systems of Prehistoric Cultures in Taipei Basin from Technical Choice Approach
No full text融合實踐論與操作鍊的概念、以分析技術風格的技術選擇研究取徑，在90年代開始被提出與運用，學者的實踐成果展現了此取徑為器物製作體系帶來了更細緻與全面性的分析框架，也提供了更多藉由技術體系可處理的文化社會面向的研究議題。本研究嘗試以此取徑分析、探討臺北盆地大坌坑、圓山、植物園、與十三行幾個史前文化的陶器製作體系，細緻化對這些文化之陶器與製陶體系的認識，期冀成為進行更深化的文化社會面向議題研究、探討的基礎。The use of the concepts of technological style and technical choice, which express a culture’s social practices and operational sequence in production, has been applied to the study of material culture in archaeological research since the 1990s. Comprehensive research has shown that this approach of using an “anthropology of technology” approach offers an analytic framework to the study of material culture that is more elaborate and holistic than before. Knowledge of a culture’s technological system can lead to more questions and thus to more research of the social aspects of a culture. The aim of this particular research was to study the manufacturing technologies of ceramic in the Ta-Pen-keng, Yuan-Shan, Zhi-Wu-Yuan, and Shi-Shan-Hang cultures in Taiwan by understanding how technical choices were made in these cultures. The results of this study have led to a more profound knowledge of the ceramic technologies of these cultures
“Bu Tong De Xing, Bu Zu Yi Zong Zheng”: An Analysis of the Reason Why Qian Mu Admired Zeng Guofan in Chinese Academics History of the Recent 300 Years
No full text錢穆《中國近三百年學術史》對於曾國藩推崇備至。對此，現有研究多歸因於曾氏傳承程朱理學，與錢穆「崇宋尊朱」的門戶之見，同聲相感。此固言之有據，但或有更能呼應時代脈動的意涵。因此，本文指出錢穆認同曾氏之宋學傾向，不僅只是門戶偏私之情，更著眼於宋代「明體」與「達用」合一，「盛德」與「大業」不二的政治理想。異於中國傳統政治思想，西化憲政制度背後的預設，是對執政者道德的高度懷疑，在孔門四科的「德行」之外，另有一套訴諸法律的「專業政治學」。錢穆難免將當身時代意識，投射於曾國藩身上，並藉此質疑：西方政治尚法律，但仍有宗教擔負修身成聖的使命，在宗教氣氛較淡薄的中國，政治能否全盤西化？最後，本文並對錢穆政治觀點之得失，稍作評論。Existing Current studies have pointed out the reason why Qian Mu (1895-1990) showed admiration for Zeng Guofan (1811-1872) in his Chinese Academics History of the Recent 300 Years (Zhongguo Jin Sanbainian Xueshushi) was that Zeng’s academic tradition followed Cheng Zhu Lixue (Cheng-Zhu Learning). Such tradition coincided with Qian’s standpoints about the “Han Song Men Hu Zhi Jian” (Han-Songs factions). This explanation is credible, but has not taken into account the historical context of Qian’s contemporary scholarship. This article demonstrates that Qian’s admiration originated not only from his favor on Zheng’s training of Song Xue (Song Learning), but also from the political ideal of the two unions of Ming Ti and Da Yong and Sheng De and Da Ye in the Song Dynasty.
Unlike the traditional Chinese political thought, However, the presumptionrationale of on the western constitutionalism implied strong suspicion of rulers’ morality. Besides “Morality (one of the four branches of Confucius)"In China, “Professional Political Principles” could be a solution on a matter of laws in addition to “Morality (one of the four branches of Confucian scholarship).”. It was unavoidable that Qian Mu had projected the historical context of his own time into his comments on Zeng Guofan’s work and raised questions accordingly. The western politics valued laws. Additionally, religions functioned as a device to enhancetook the tasks of enhancing morality. On the contrary, China was less religious. How could the politics of China be completely westernized? At the end, this study made comments on the strengths and weaknesses of Qian Mu’s political viewpoints
On the Word “Qiu” and Some Related Questions
No full text本文以「（逑）」部件為主軸，梳理此字被釋出的歷程，從中討論歷來學者說法的異同，並於學者已有的考釋基礎上，聯繫車輪製作、紡織圖，認為此字與車輪相關，主要刻劃車輻「勼（聚集）」於車轂之形。進而分析逑字從金文至楚簡的字形部件變化，最後因為與「來」產生混同，於是楚簡便以形符的沿用、改換與增構等方式予以區別。文中並針對「（逑）」部件相關的古文字做梳理，認為甲骨卜辭「」為「鵠」，屬於水鳥；金文的「逑」、「即」主要體現臣子對君王的關係，強調臣子能夠讎配無違。Centering on the word “＊
(Qiu),” this article seeks to illustrate how the word was invented and draw a comparison of different scholarly interpretations on it. Based on related textual studies and by reference to the illustration of textile, this article argues that the word was related to wheels. The word may be used to (1) describe the convergence of spokes at a hub; or (2) refer to the top of a carriage, which also means convergence. This article then analyzes the evolution of the word “Qiu” from its appearance on the bronze inscriptions to Chu slips. To avoid confusion with the word “Lai” in Chu slips, the character of “Qiu” was modified into a graphic symbol. This article also discusses some ancient words related to “Qiu.” It argues that the oracle bone inscription “” referred to “tundra swan,” and the bronze inscriptions “Qiu” and “Ji” primarily embodied a subject’s relation to his monarch, that is, the subject must carry out his obligation
The Loanword morpheme ”-CON” in Japanese
No full text"日語縮略詞中，後項詞素是外來語詞根「コン」的複合縮略詞相當多，例如「エアコン」「パソコン」「マザコン」「ミスコン」等。然而，這些具有生產性的後項詞素「–コン」事實上彼此並不具有相同語義，而是一種同音意義的關係。
本論文首先從語義層面確認位於複合縮略詞的後項詞素「–コン」之語意。其次，從構詞法、構詞能力、縮略語詞的縮略法、結合對象等構詞觀點來探討「–コン」做為日語詞素的構詞特徵等。
經考察，確認了「-コン」其同音異義的原詞根包含「コンサート」「コンピューター」「コンパ」等34個；另，依據「-コン」的構詞特徵，闡明了含有後項縮略詞根「–コン」其最典型的構詞型態為：(前後項詞素部分省略之短縮法所形成之)[2音節外来語詞素＋コン]。
最後，透過與宮島(1972)的「無意味形態素」及「ロケ」「レジ」等外来語縮略詞根之對比考察，分析「–コン」的本質，並論述「–コン」在日語中是屬於縮略形拘束詞根詞素的定位。"Many of the rear constituents of abbreviation compound words in Japanese are the loanword morpheme”-CON”, such as “EAKON”,” PASOKON”, “MAZAKON”, “MISUKON” and so on. However, all of the abbreviation compound words with rear constituent”-CON” mentioned above actually don’t mean the same. They are homophones.
The study will clarify the meaning of the compound abbreviation “-CON” which is the rear constituent from the semantic order first. Then, investigating the essence of Japanese morpheme “-CON” from the viewpoint of the word formation rules, word formation ability, the rule of abbreviation and the collocations to discuss the feature of the word formation of”-CON” being the Japanese morpheme.
The study confirmed that there are 34 original bases of the homonym of”-CON”, including” KONSATO”,” KONPYUTA” and” KONPA”. In addition, according to the feature of the word formation of”-CON”, we could sort out that the most classical word formation pattern which includes abbreviation rear constituent”-CON” is (abbreviations by omitting part of the front and rear constituents) [loanword morpheme with two syllables+ CON].
And last, analyze the essence of”-CON” and discuss its position being a part of the abbreviation of bound morpheme through the comparative analysis of “Unsemantic Morpheme” and the loanword abbreviation base” ROKE” and” REJI” by Miyajima (1972)
Service Experience Management in Asia: A Review and Directions for Future Research
No full text服務體驗是現今服務業最重要的議題之一，也是服務公司競爭力的主要來源，由於過去針對服務體驗有系統性的文獻甚為缺乏，學術界至今缺乏研究相關文獻回顧與未來研究方向呼籲。本研究以國內外主要期刊之亞洲服務業相關內外部行銷相關文獻為基礎，回顧以亞洲題材為主的服務接觸與服務傳遞的相關服務體驗文獻，探討七大服務體驗研究主題：顧客與服務人員情緒、服務人員管理、服務環境、顧客參與、自助服務與科技、服務失誤與補救與顧客忠誠度管理。在每個主題中，分別探討兩大研究問題：(1) 我們從過去文獻學到了什麼？ (2) 未來研究應探討哪些議題？本研究提供了相當有用的研究洞察，並指出未來研究具有潛力的方向，提供未來研究相當完整的基礎與指引。Service experience is an important issue for the management of service firms in Asia, yet there lacks a thorough review of research literature in this field. In this review paper, we address two key questions from a service experience perspective: (1) what have we learned from prior research about service experience in Asia and (2) what major issues should future research in this area address. We examine these questions under seven major topics: customer/employee emotion, service employee management, service environments, customer participation, self-service technologies, service failure/recovery, and customer loyalty management. Our review offers useful insights and identifies many fruitful topics and questions for future research
