National Taiwan University Repository
Not a member yet
222849 research outputs found
Sort by
A Preliminary Study of the Classification Thoughts in the Mobian
No full text廣義《墨辯》,由《墨子》書中之〈經上〉、〈經下〉、〈經說上〉、〈經說下〉、 〈大取〉、〈小取〉六篇組成。《墨辯》是墨家邏輯學的奠基之作,代表中國古代邏輯學 思想的發展高峰。《墨辯》的內容豐富多元,本文嘗試從分類思維的觀點進行解析。分類 由感知事物之存在與其異同開始,《墨辯》中系統性的說明人類的心智活動。《墨辯》中 處處可見關於概念的定義與類別的劃分,其類別劃分已隱含階層的意涵。墨家重視名實相 應,《墨辯》中對於名實的問題有深入的討論。在區分同異時,墨家注意到事物間之同異 並非固定不變,《墨辯》中列舉多種同異的類型。墨家的分類觀點,是「彼止於彼、此止 於此」,而區別同異時要能掌握事物間的根本差異。綜言之,《墨辯》可視為中國古代分 類思維的寶庫。This article attempts to examine the Mobian (墨辯; the Mohist Dialectical) from the perspective of classification theory. The Mobian comprises six texts, which form chapters 40 through 45 of the extant Mozi (墨子), including Jing-shang (經上; Canon I), Jing-xia (經下; Canon II), Jingshuo-shang (經說上; Explanation to Canon I), Jingshuo-xia (經說下; Explanation to Canon II), Daqu (大取; Greater Selections), and Xiaoqu (小取; Lesser Selections). The Mobian is commonly recognized as a classic and treasure for the logic of ancient China. Therefore, most scholars explore the book assuming a logical or philosophical perspective. The current investigation, however, is focused on thoughts and issues related to classification as revealed in the Mobian. The result of the preliminary study shows that Mobian can and should be viewed as a treasure for classification study of ancient China. There exists numerous thoughtful discussions related to classification issues, including perception and cognition (i.e., the foundation of classifying), the three laws of thought and the principle of rationality, concept definitions, categorization, names and objects, sameness and difference, and classifying and inferring methods. The results guarantee further examination of the Mobian and suggest that we may employ a similar approach to investigate the writings of the Pre-Qin philosophers
Identification of downstream components of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme PHOSPHATE2 by quantitative membrane proteomics in Arabidopsis roots
No full textMicroRNA399-mediated regulation of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC24/PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) is crucial for Pi
acquisition and translocation in plants. Because of a potential role for PHO2 in protein degradation and its association with
membranes, an iTRAQ (for isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)- based quantitative membrane proteomic
method was employed to search for components downstream of PHO2. A total of 7491 proteins were identified from
Arabidopsis thaliana roots by mass spectrometry, 35.2% of which were predicted to contain at least one transmembrane
helix. Among the quantifiable proteins, five were significantly differentially expressed between the wild type and pho2 mutant
under two growth conditions. Using immunoblot analysis, we validated the upregulation of several members in PHOSPHATE
TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) family and PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER TRAFFIC FACILITATOR1 (PHF1) in pho2 and demonstrated
that PHO2 mediates the degradation of PHT1 proteins. Genetic evidence that loss of PHF1 or PHT1;1 alleviated Pi toxicity in
pho2 further suggests that they play roles as downstream components of PHO2. Moreover, we showed that PHO2 interacts
with PHT1s in the postendoplasmic reticulum compartments and mediates the ubiquitination of endomembrane-localized
PHT1;1. This study not only uncovers a mechanism by which PHO2 modulates Pi acquisition by regulating the abundance of
PHT1s in the secretory pathway destined for plasma membranes, but also provides a database of the membrane proteome
that will be widely applicable in root biology research
Estimating the requirement of dietary crude protein for growing blue-breasted quail (Excalfactoria chinensis)
No full textTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the requirement for dietary crude protein (CP) in growing blue-breasted quail
(BBQ). In Experiment 1, 300 1-day-old quails were randomly assigned to 10 groups according to a 235 factorial arrangement
of treatments with two metabolisable energy (ME) levels (12.13 and 13.39 MJ/kg) and five CP concentrations (160, 190, 220,
250 and 280 g/kg) for 8 weeks. In Experiment 2, 300 1-day-old quails were subjected to a different factorial arrangement of
treatments with two ME levels (11.51 and 12.13 MJ/kg) and five CP concentrations (210, 220, 230, 240 and 250 g/kg) for
28 days. Experiment 1 revealed that an interaction existed in weight gain between ME and CP levels in weeks 1 to 4. In both
ME groups, quails receiving CP of 160 g/kg showed the least weight gains ( P,0.05). No differences ( P.0.05) existed in
weight gain between the ME groups in which quails ingested CP of 250 and 280 g/kg, whereas quails consuming CP of 220 g/kg
with an ME of 13.39 MJ/kg had smaller weight gain than did those ingesting higher CP concentrations ( P,0.05). Of main
effects for weeks 1–4, quails treated with an ME of 12.13 MJ/kg consumed more feed than did those receiving another ME level,
whereas quails in both ME treatments showed similar feed efficiencies. For weeks 5 to 8, no difference ( P.0.05) in weight
gain, feed intake and feed efficiency was seen regardless of ME levels, and no interaction existed between ME and CP levels.
In Experiment 2, the best weight gain and feed efficiency were achieved when the dietary CP concentration was more than
210 g/kg, and quails treated with 11.51 MJ/kg showed better weight gain and feed efficiency ( P,0.05) than did those that
received 12.13 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the weight gains and protein intakes on the basis of per MJ from the two experiments
were pooled together to estimate the protein intake necessary for the best growth performance by two mathematic models;
they were then converted to dietary CP concentrations of 204 (minimum) and 233 g/kg (maximum) when ME was 11.51 MJ/kg.
In conclusion, BBQ will achieve good growth performance with dietary CP of more than 204 g/kg on the basis of an ME of
11.51 MJ/kg in weeks 1 to 4