TU Braunschweig: LeoPARD - Publications And Research Data
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A sustainable protection of water-containing technical fluids like cooling lubricants against microbial attack using renewable resources
Full text linkThere is a need to develop new chemical protection concepts for water-based cooling lubricants (CL) against microbial infestation. To this end, research was carried out into potential active substances that can be obtained or produced from renewable raw materials. In this project, seven substance groups with more than 70 compounds were identified and subjected to a literature-based suitability assessment. The substances with good expected suitability could be assigned to two groups according to their antimicrobial effect: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.25–1% (e.g. terpenes, coumarins) and MIC 5–30% (e.g. divalent and trivalent alcohols). The former should be incorporated into the CL as additives, the latter should rather be classified as base fluid components. Chemical-physical, tribological and biological tests were carried out in the laboratory. Interestingly, in the microbiological tests with a test duration of 20 d, a complete biostatic but no biocidal inhibitory effect was found for all the active ingredients considered. In a CL reference formulation, glycerol was replaced by the newly identified active ingredient 1,6-hexanediol as an example. This formulation was successfully tested in an industrial machine for cylindrical grinding of steel, demonstrating the immediate applicability for machining. Thus, a comprehensive research and development strategy for novel CL additives is presented which can be used for all identified antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, it is certainly applicable to novel additives with other performance spectra, as well
Long term patterns and risk factors of loneliness in young adults from an 18-Year longitudinal study in Germany
Full text linkPreventing loneliness is a significant goal due to its association with long-term negative effects on both mental and physical health. This German longitudinal study used three assessment points to examine predictors of emotional loneliness-defined as the absence of close, trusting relationships-in young adulthood (T3: age 22), based on factors assessed in early childhood (T1: age 4) and adolescence (T2: age 14). Utilizing data from 224 families, regression models were employed to identify child and parent risk factors-such as child and parent mental health problems, parent dysfunctional parenting, child adverse childhood experiences, child problematic internet use, and child experiences of school bullying-to predict child emotional loneliness. Emotional loneliness was measured through self-reports by adolescents/young adults and external reports provided by parents. Over 25% of adolescents reported emotional loneliness, a figure that increased to 50% in young adulthood during the pandemic. Experiencing loneliness in adolescence was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of feeling lonely again in emerging adulthood. Parents tend to underestimate their children's feelings of loneliness. Lower levels of childhood externalizing mental health problems and higher levels of maternal dysfunctional parenting were associated with an increased likelihood of loneliness in adolescence. Only adolescent mental health problems predicted loneliness in emerging adulthood. Additionally, more adverse childhood experiences and higher levels of compulsive internet use during adolescence were linked to more adolescent mental health problems, identifying potential indirect targets for the prevention of loneliness. In contrast, paternal factors did not significantly contribute to the prediction of emotional loneliness in this sample. Effective strategies may include enhancing parenting practices and increasing awareness of child mental health problems, mitigating adverse childhood experiences, and reducing excessive internet use
Highly integrated color center creation with cooled hydrogenated molecules irradiation
Full text linkPhotoluminescent point defects, such as nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond, have attracted much attention as solid-state qubits. In recent years, a method has been developed to dope ions one-by-one into a solid substrate with Ångström position accuracy using a Paul trap. However, the dopant atoms must be laser-cooled, and the atoms that are promising dopants for solid-state quantum devices, such as nitrogen, cannot be directly applied. In the previous studies, the cooling of the dopant ions has been achieved using a sympathetic cooling technique, in which the laser-cooled atoms are sandwiched, but this method has several problems such as the need for a mechanism to remove the laser-cooled atoms and the inability to distinguish between the dopant atoms and contaminations. We show that these problems can be overcome by directly cooling the hydrogenated ions instead of sympathetically cooling the ions, and the position accuracy can be improved
It takes two to tango — how teacher–child interactions help advance children’s emotion knowledge?
Full text linkBecause young children’s emotion knowledge and language skills grow in tandem and contribute to their success in school, the Feeling Thinking Talking (FTT) teacher training, which addresses both areas, was developed. In this training, preschool and kindergarten teachers were taught to use language support strategies (LSSs) and responsive child-directed speech when talking about emotions with the children in their care. Whether these educational practices in teacher–child talk improve children’s emotion knowledge was examined with N = 275 children (Mage = 49.86 months, SD = 7.21, range = 35–66 months at t1) who were cared for by teachers in N = 16 training classrooms and N = 13 waitlist-control classrooms, which were nested in 13 centers. Children were individually tested on morphology, grammar, and emotion knowledge (EK) before (t1) and after the FTT training (t2). At t1 and t2, teacher–child interactions were videotaped and coded. Single-level models suggest that training group teachers used LSSs (input-oriented strategies and stimulation techniques) more often and involved children in longer dialogues than control group teachers at t2. Multilevel models show that dialogue length and feedback strategies at t1 and input-oriented strategies at t2 contributed to the explanation of gains in children’s EK over time (after controlling for covariates). Moreover, teachers’ use of input-oriented strategies at t2 that improved under the FTT training partially mediated the effect of the intervention on children’s EK growth. In addition, children’s (growing) language skills seem to mediate the effects of these educational practices on their EK. Ways in which educational practices affect emotion learning are discussed
Neufassung der Besonderen Ordnung über den Zugang und die Zulassung für den konsekutiven Masterstudiengang "Lebensmittelchemie" der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Braunschweig.
No full textMACE - Mass Spectra for Chemical Ecology (Release 8)
No full textMass spectral libraries of EI-mass spectra are an essential tool for the structure elucidation of unknown natural products by GC/MS. Unfortunately, published spectra of many compounds are usually available only as figures, making it quite challenging to integrate them into local user libraries. Therefore, we publish here a library of high-quality downloadable mass spectra in text format that can be incorporated into local spectral databases. The spectra originate from publications referenced in the entries and are not commonly found in the commercial database NIST 17 at the time of publication. Compounds are included only if the spectra are from synthetic or isolated material or are otherwise unambiguously proven, including their derivatives. Entries are verified for validity before being integrated into the database. The compound list is continuously extended with spectra submitted by the community and digitized spectra from the literature. Submission of additional spectra by e-mail is encouraged. The data will be published in revisions, which will appear at irregular intervals. The focus of the spectra is on compounds useful in Chemical Ecology, including microbial volatiles and non-polar lipids. Still, the spectra may also be helpful in related fields such as food chemistry or metabolomics. The content is a focused add-on library of high-quality mass spectral data for use in GC/MS. Additionally, full functional libraries for Shimadzu and MSSearch are also included, together with compound structures in the latter
Neufassung der Ordnung des „Instituts für Erziehungswissenschaften" der Fakultät für Geistes- und Erziehungswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Braunschweig sowie Änderungen der Organisationsstrukturen des „Instituts für Erziehungswissenschaften"
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Additiv gefertigtes Werkzeug
Full text linkDas nachfolgende Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung eines additiv gefertigten Werkzeugs, um Segmente der Flugwindkraftanlage mithilfe des Autoklav-Verfahrens herzustellen. Standardwerkzeuge aus Aluminium oder Stahl weisen hohe Fertigungskosten auf. Durch die Verarbeitung von Kunststoffen mithilfe von additiven Fertigungsverfahren können die Fertigungskosten von Formwerkzeugen stark reduziert werden [2, 1]. Bedingt durch die Kostenersparnis sowie der guten Anpassbarkeit bieten additive Formwerkzeuge ein hohes Potenzial, kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen die wirtschaftliche Herstellung von Prototypen zu ermöglichen [4, 57]. Allerdings ist nicht jeder Kunststoff für die Anwendung geeignet. So unterscheiden sich Kunststoffe stark in ihren Eigenschaften, wobei zusätzlich das Materialverhalten von den Verarbeitungsparametern beeinflusst wird [18, 42]. Daher muss stets geprüft werden, ob ein bestimmter Kunststoff für die jeweilige Anwendung geeignet ist (siehe Kapitel 5.1). Die Beeinflussung des Materialverhaltens durch die Verarbeitungsparameter kann dabei auf unterschiedlichen Veränderungen im Werkstoff zurückgeführt werden [28, 29, 40]. Gerade in Hinblick auf die Qualitätssicherung sowie die Prognose der Materialeigenschaften ist ein tieferes Verständnis des Prozessparameter-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen unabdingbar (siehe Kapitel 5.2). Zusätzlich sind viele Kunststoffe Kreislauffähig (siehe Abbildung 5.1). Allerdings kann es beim Recycling zu einer Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften kommen [41]. Daraus folgt, dass bei der Wahl eines Kunststoffes auch die Veränderung des Materialverhaltens durch die Kreislaufführung berücksichtigt und bewertet werden sollte (siehe Kapitel 5.4). Alles in allem kann mithilfe der Materialcharakterisierung eine sinnvolle Werkstoffauswahl getroffen werden. Dennoch ist eine umfangreiche Untersuchung der additiv gefertigten Formwerkzeuge sinnvoll, um Grenzen sowie Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes zu validieren (siehe Kapitel 5.3)
Autarke Mobile Ladeinfrastruktur
Full text linkDie beiden innerhalb des Projekts untersuchten Anwendungsbeispiele sind nicht nur für sich allein innovative Produkte. Das Konzept einer autarken mobilen Ladeinfrastruktur (AML) als Kombination von Flugwindkraftanlage und flexibler Ladesäule besitzen das Potenzial zu einem wichtigen Baustein in der flächendeckenden Nutzung elektrischer Mobilität zu werden. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere in der deutlich ressourcenschonenderen Produktion erneuerbarer Energien im Vergleich zu konventionellen Windkraftanlagen (vgl. Abschnitt 5.1). Um das Potenzial einer AML zu spezifizieren, werden in diesem Arbeitsschwerpunkt unterschiedliche Szenarien für den Einsatz einer autarken mobilen Ladeinfrastruktur erarbeitet (vgl. Abschnitt 5.2) und deren Umsetzbarkeit untersucht (vgl. Abschnitt 5.3)