Scientific publications of the Saarland University
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    DMFT-Index und KIG-Befunde in einer zahnärztlichen Praxis aus Erkelenz/ Nordrhein zwischen 2012-2022

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    Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge zwischen kieferorthopädischen Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen und der Mundgesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Dabei wurden der DMFT-Index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) und die Kieferorthopädischen Indikationsgruppen (KIG) herangezogen, um zu bestimmen, ob bestimmte kieferorthopädische Ausgangsanomalien die Prävalenz von Karies beeinflussen. Ziel war es zudem, die Bedeutung von soziodemografischen Faktoren und Lebensgewohnheiten in diesem Kontext zu bewerten und deren Einfluss auf die Mundgesundheit zu analysieren. Die Studie basierte auf einer retrospektiven Analyse von Patientendaten einer zahnärztlichen Überweiserpraxis und einer kieferorthopädischen Fachzahnarztpraxis aus den Jahren 2012 bis 2022. Die Studienpopulation umfasste 76 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 12 bis 17 Jahren. Die Daten wurden zum Beginn der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung erhoben und umfassten den DMFT-Index, KIG-Befunde sowie soziodemografische und lifestylebezogene Informationen. Statistische Analysen wurden durchgeführt, um Assoziationen zwischen den Variablen zu identifizieren und die Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die bestehende Literatur zu diskutieren. Die Analyse zeigte, dass die häufigsten Einzelanomalien KIG D4 (26,3%) und KIG P4 (15,8%) waren. Der DMFT-Index variierte signifikant in Abhängigkeit von den Ernährungsgewohnheiten und dem Bildungsgrad der Eltern. Kinder mit häufigem Zuckerkonsum und niedrigerem sozioökonomischen Status wiesen höhere DMFT-Werte auf. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte keine signifikante Assoziation zwischen den verschiedenen KIG-Befunden und dem DMFT-Index festgestellt werden. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im DMFT-Index waren ebenfalls nicht signifikant, obwohl Mädchen tendenziell bessere Mundhygienegewohnheiten aufwiesen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstreichen die Bedeutung sozioökonomischer Faktoren und Ernährungsgewohnheiten für die Mundgesundheit. Präventive Maßnahmen sollten verstärkt auf die Aufklärung über gesunde Lebensgewohnheiten und die Verbesserung der Mundhygiene abzielen, insbesondere in sozial benachteiligten Gruppen. Trotz der fehlenden signifikanten Assoziation zwischen den KIG-Befunden und dem DMFT-Index bleibt die frühzeitige kieferorthopädische Intervention wichtig, um die allgemeine Mundgesundheit zu fördern. Langfristige, prospektive Studien sind notwendig, um die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen kieferorthopädischen Anomalien und Kariesrisiken weiter zu erforschen. Ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz in der zahnmedizinischen Praxis, der sowohl präventive als auch therapeutische Maßnahmen berücksichtigt, ist entscheidend, um die Mundgesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen nachhaltig zu verbessern.This study investigates the associations between orthodontic anomalies and oral health in children and adolescents. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the Orthodontic Indication Groups (Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen, KIG) were utilized to determine whether specific initial orthodontic anomalies influence the prevalence of dental caries. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the role of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits in this context and analyze their impact on oral health. This study was based on a retrospective analysis of patient data from a dental referral practice and a specialized orthodontic practice, covering the years 2012 to 2022. The study population consisted of 76 children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Data collected at the initiation of orthodontic treatment included the DMFT index, KIG findings, and sociodemographic and lifestyle-related information. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between variables and to discuss the findings in the context of existing literature. The analysis showed that the most common malocclusions were KIG D4 (26.3%) and KIG P4 (15.8%). The DMFT index varied significantly depending on dietary habits and parental education level. Children with frequent sugar consumption and lower socioeconomic status had higher DMFT values. In contrast, no significant association was found between the various KIG findings and the DMFT index. Gender differences in the DMFT index were also not significant, although girls tended to have better oral hygiene habits. The results of this study emphasize the importance of socioeconomic factors and dietary habits for oral health. Preventive measures should focus more on educating about healthy lifestyle choices and improving oral hygiene, especially in socially disadvantaged groups. Despite the lack of a significant association between KIG findings and the DMFT index, early orthodontic intervention remains crucial for promoting overall oral health. Long-term, prospective studies are needed to further explore the complex relationships between orthodontic anomalies and caries risks. A holistic approach in dental practice, considering both preventive and therapeutic measures, is essential to sustainably improve the oral health of children and adolescents

    Shape memory alloy modeling and simulation tool for elastocaloric systems

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    Solid-state cooling is an environmentally friendly, no global warming potential alternative to vapor compression-based systems. Elastocaloric (EC) cooling based on Nickel– Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibits excellent heating and cooling capabilities. Because of the high specific latent heat activated by mechanical loading and unloading, large temperature changes can be generated in the material. The small required mechanical work input enables a high coe cient of performance (COP). Recently, a fully functional and illustrative continuous operating EC air heating and cooling system based on SMA was developed and realized. The heat pump (HP) device operates with a novel rotary drive concept using numerous tensile-loaded wire bundles. To assist the design process of an optimized device with given performance and efficiency requirements, a fully coupled thermo-mechanical system-level simulation tool is required. The simulation tool of the multi-element EC HP system is based on a physics motivated SMA model and implemented in MATLAB. This compact simulation tool is qualified for massively parallel computation on modern multi-core computers, which allows fast and comprehensive parameter scans. The current work gives, at first, an overview of ferroic-based HP concepts, the basic principles of SMAs, through EC specifics such as thermodynamic cycle, material char- acterization, and optimization, as well as SMA modeling. These basics are followed by the presentation of the currently realized EC systems and existing physics-based SMA models, resulting in the introduction of the Müller-Achenbach-Seelecke (MAS) model as the thermo-mechanical foundation for the aimed simulation tool. To understand the phase transformation (PT) behavior, a physics-based localized model is developed based on the MAS, validated, and simulations are performed, imitating experiments of a thin-film. A material test bench is developed and realized for the application-related material model calibration. Besides the conventional mechanical material parameters, this test bench enables the investigation of the local strain and temperature distribution along the specimen. As a result, it allows for the complete characterization of the needed thermo-mechanical material parameters in a single test bench under load conditions similar to those of the real EC HP system. Based on the material parameter set, the EC system model is implemented and validated according to the kinematics and fluidics of the realized EC HP system. To support the systematic study of distinct parameters, the system model is embedded in a developed control and data visualization tool. This tool enables massive parallel computation of numerous parameter sets and manages the comprehensive representation of the simulation results. First parameter studies are executed with the realized EC HP simulation tool presenting the result interpretation and trend detection. To get an impression of the EC HP system behavior, di erent load profiles, system dimensions, rotation frequencies, flow rates, strains, and system losses are simulated, compared, and interpreted. Concluding the HP topic, parameter studies are executed presenting possible system improvements. On the one hand, internal heat recovery concepts are introduced and simulated, which significantly improves the system performance for higher input temperature spans. On the other hand, water is used as heat exchange (HE) and heat transport (HT) medium, which enhances the heat exchange coe cient and specific heat capacity, enabling significantly higher system performance with unchanged design space. To demonstrate the complete capability range of the EC system simulation tool, a parameter study is performed using the system as a low-temperature heat engine. The presented work is performed within the Priority Programme SPP 1599 “Caloric e ects in ferroic materials: New concepts for cooling” of the German Research Foundation.Diese Arbeit entwickelt einMultiphysik-Simulationspaket für mehrelementige, elastokalorische Wärmepumpen (ekWP), basierend auf dem thermo-mechanisch gekoppelte Verhalten von Formgedächnislegierungen (FGL). Zum Verständnis der Phasentransformation in FGL, wird ein physikbasiertes, ortsaufgelöstes Modell auf der Grundlage von Müller-Achenbach-Seelecke entwickelt und anhand von Dünnfilmexperimenten validiert. Der entwickelte Materialprüfstand erlaubt die Kalibrierung anwendungsbezogener Materialmodelle durch Messung der ortsaufgelösten Dehnungs- und Temperaturverteilung im Probekörper. Dadurch wird die vollständige Charakterisierung der thermo-mechanischen Materialparameter in einem einzigen Prüfstand unter ähnlichen Bedingungen wie in realen ekWP möglich. Das Systemmodell für ekWP wird entsprechend der Kinematik und Fluidik des realen Systems in MATLAB implementiert. Um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Parameter systematisch zu untersuchen und auszuwerten, wird das Berechnungsmodell in eine Steuerungsund Datenvisualisierungsumgebung eingebettet. Mit dem entwickelten Simulationspaket wird das Systemverhalten der ekWP unter verschiedenen Lastprofile, Systemabmessungen, Rotationsfrequenzen, Durchflussraten, Dehnungen und Systemverluste für verschiedene FGL und Wärmeträger simuliert, verglichen und interpretiert. Abschließend wird die Vielseitigkeit des Simulationspakets durch die Verwendung des Systems als Niedertemperatur-Wärmekraftmaschine demonstriert

    Synthesis of novel polysiloxanes and silsesquioxanes with high refractive Index by utilizing alkoxysilane precursors with polycyclic aromatic substituents

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    Silikone finden zunehmend Anwendung in optischen Materialien, wie zum Beispiel als Verkapselungsmaterial für Leuchtdioden (LEDs) oder als Kontaktlinsen in Form von Silikon-Hydrogel. Trotz einer hohen Transparenz, sowie exzellenter chemischer und thermischer Stabilität limitiert ein niedriger Brechungsindex ihre Anwendung. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden daher neuartige polycyclische aromatische Dialkoxysilane verwendet, um deren Einfluss auf den Brechungsindex der mittels Hydrolyse und Kondensation erhaltenen Silikonharze zu untersuchen. Hierbei konnte eine deutliche Erhöhung des Brechungsindex, hohe thermische Stabilität und Transparenz, jedoch auch ein Verflüssigen bei hohen Temperaturen beobachtet werden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde daher das zuvor erfolgversprechendste Silikonharz auf verschiedene Arten nachvernetzt. Das bei zwei Silikonen auf diese Art deutlich besser ins Netzwerk eingebaute polycyclische Dialkoxysilan verhindert ein Verflüssigen bei hohen Temperaturen und ermöglicht somit einen Einsatz in Hochtemperaturanwendungen. Zuletzt wurden sogenannte „polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes“ (POSS) mit den bereits zuvor verwendeten polycyclischen aromatischen Gruppen mittels Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid (TBAF) oder KOH hergestellt. Bei allen Ansätzen konnten POSS-Systeme erhalten, jedoch nur der T8-POSS mit 1-Naphthylgruppen an allen Ecken rein hergestellt und mittels Kristallstruktur bestätigt werden.Silicones are becoming increasingly popular in optical materials, for example as encapsulation material for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or as contact lenses in the form of silicone hydrogel. Despite their high transparency and excellent chemical and thermal stability, a low refractive index limits their application. In the first part of this dissertation, novel polycyclic aromatic dialkoxysilanes were therefore used to investigate their influence on the refractive index of silicone resins obtained by hydrolysis and condensation. A significant increase in the refractive index, high thermal stability and transparency, but also liquefaction at high temperatures were observed. In the second part of this work, the previously most promising silicone resin was therefore post-crosslinked in various ways. The polycyclic dialkoxysilane, which is now much better integrated into the network in two of the silicones, prevents liquefaction at high temperatures and thus enables use in high-temperature applications. Finally, so-called ‘polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes’ (POSS) containing the previously used polycyclic aromatic groups were prepared using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or KOH. POSS systems could be obtained in all approaches, but only the T8-POSS with 1-naphthyl groups at all corners could be produced purely and was confirmed by means of crystal structure

    Health anxiety by proxy differs in phenomenology between parents and dog owners

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    Health anxiety by proxy refers to excessive concerns or preoccupation that a loved one may be suffering from or may acquire a serious illness. Although research with parents suggests that this condition may be highly prevalent, assessment has been limited in terms of attachment figures other than children. Dogs take the role of children in many families and the dog owners and parents show opposing patterns, though the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown attachment between humans and dogs shares important characteristics with the child-parent attachment. Thus, for the first time, we investigated whether health anxiety by proxy is also present in childless dog owners. To this end, we adapted an existing measure of health anxiety by proxy for parents to the situation of dog owners and used the existing parent and adapted dog owner questionnaires to gather data from dog less parents (N=204) and childless dog owners (N=200). Overall, we found comparable distributions of health anxiety by proxy in both subsamples and high internal consistencies for both questionnaires. Interestingly, dog owners reported higher levels of health anxiety by proxy than parents. In both subsamples, health anxiety by proxy was linked to depressive symptoms and health anxiety, with these associations being stronger in parents than in dog owners. Moreover, while health anxiety by proxy and attachment towards children were negatively associated in parents, we found the opposite association in dog owners. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence for the existence of health anxiety by proxy in dog owners, while suggesting that the phenomenology of the condition may differ between parents and dog owners

    Implementing prehospital invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring in critically ill patients-a prospective observational first year analysis

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    Background Exposure to hypotension is linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement might be superior to non-invasive blood pressure measurement in detecting hypotension. The feasibility of IBP in prehospital care for selected patients by specialized rescue teams has been demonstrated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the implementation of prehospital IBP measurement is feasible in a German emergency system by emergency teams with limited exposure to critically ill patients. Methods This single center study was conducted with two emergency physicians vehicles. Indications for IBP measurement were adults requiring airway management, catecholamine therapy or fluid resuscitation. IBP was performed using either direct or Seldinger technique. Physicians recorded the puncture attempts, cannulation sites, and techniques. Patients with IBP attempt were visited the first three days to report complications. Emergency physicians documented a reason if they decided not to perform IBP. Data were analyzed to find operational differences between IBP attempts and no IBP attempts and IBP success and failure. Multiple linear regression was used to measure the influence of prehospital IBP attempts on the on-scene time. Results During the study period, 3887 emergency responses occurred, with 2.8% (n = 108) meeting IBP criteria. Reasons for an IBP were catecholamine therapy (74%), airway management (73%) and fluid resuscitation (51%). 68 (63%) of the patients meeting IBP criteria received an IBP attempt with a success rate of 88%. While difficult extrication (p = 0.002) and longer transportation time (p = 0.009) were associated with a high IBP attempt rate, IBP attempts in nursing homes were less often performed (p = 0.002). Most common reason for not performing IBP was a transport priority and poor puncturing condition. Multiple regression analysis showed IBP attempts prolonged the on-scene time by 7.4 min (p = 0.013). Conclusions Prehospital IBP can be performed safely even by teams with limited exposure to critically ill patients, with low failure and complication rates across a wide range of indications. Based on these data, IBP measurement prolonged the on-scene time by 7.5 min. Even though exposure to critically ill patients is rare, teams should consider performing an IBP if indicated. Trial registration Study was a part of the PHINIABP (PreHospital Invasive vs. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure) study and was registered with German Clinical Trials (ID DRKS00030477) and approved by the regional ethics committee (Ärztekammer Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany, Identification Number 158/22, September 13, 2022). Written informed consent was obtained from patients or their legal representatives

    Melanocyte differentiation and mechanosensation are differentially modulated by distinct extracellular matrix proteins

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    Melanocyte dysfunctions can lead to pigmentation disorders or melanoma. Melanocytes interact context-dependently with various types of ECM, including collagens and fibronectin. Alterations in ECM composition and stiffness can impact cell behavior, but their specific roles for melanocyte functions remain unclear. We here exposed melanocytes to different ECM proteins and varying substrate stiffnesses, and identified MITF, a key regulator of melanocyte differentiation and function, as an ECM- and mechanosensitive transcription factor. Moreover, distinct ECM proteins and substrate stiffness engaged a FAK/MEK/ERK/MITF signaling axis to control melanocyte functions. Collagen I restricted FAK and ERK activation, promoting elevated nuclear MITF levels, melanocyte proliferation and a differentiated transcriptomic signature. Conversely, fibronectin elicited FAK and ERK activation, reduced nuclear MITF, increased motility and a dedifferentiated transcriptomic signature. On fibronectin, inhibiting MEK/ERK activity caused increased MITF nuclear localization and enhanced melanogenesis. Additionally, FAK inhibition reduced ERK activation and enhanced melanogenesis, supporting that FAK acts upstream of ERK. Finally, melanocytes show ECM-dependent mechanoresponses. In summary, extrinsic cues exert substantial effects on melanocyte function, involving ERK-dependent MITF regulation

    Tracing the lines of deceit. Male cheating behavior increases in online versus face-to-face environments over time

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    This study investigates the development of cheating behavior over time in online versus in-person environments among university students, with a particular focus on potential gender differences. Previous research suggests that online anonymity increases cheating (Charness et al., 2007), and cheating increases over time (Garrett et al., 2016). In the current study, 137 participants (online: n = 75, in-person: n = 62) with a balanced gender dis tribution completed a fine-motor tracing task in four sessions. Individuals made a performance prediction before each trial prior to competing against each other for the highest scores. During the task, participants rated their own errors, so self-reported performance could be compared to expert-coded outcomes. Cheating was defined as the discrepancy between self-reported and actual errors. We distinguish between all instances of cheating (inconsequential for the score), and “meaningful cheating”, which refers to cases where cheating improved the score. Findings suggest greater cheating for men as compared to women in the online condition when cheating led to an increase in performance scores, but not when all cheating is considered. In addition, “meaningful cheating” increased over time in the online condition, especially in men. This indicates that online situations could introduce cheating-opportunities in interpersonal situations, which may be used strategically by some individuals to gain advantages

    Endovaskuläre Behandlung intrakranieller Aneurysmata mit dem WEB-Device

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    Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass nicht rupturierte intrakranielle Aneurysmata eine weltweite Prävalenz von circa zwei bis fünf Prozent aufweisen. Da es sich bei diesen Gefäßaussackungen in der Regel um asymptomatische Pathologien handelt, werden diese oftmals inzidentell diagnostiziert. Bei der Ruptur eines intrakraniellen Aneurysmas kommt es zur Ausbildung einer Subarachnoidalblutung, welche eine akut lebensbedrohliche Komplikati-on mit einer hohen Mortalität darstellt. Um den oftmals schwerwiegenden Folgen einer aneurys-matisch bedingten Subarachnoidalblutung vorbeugen zu können, existieren verschiedene Be-handlungsansätze sowohl zur präventiven Therapie intrakranieller Aneurysmata als auch zur Therapie in der akuten Phase der Ruptur. Hierbei wird zwischen neurochirurgischen Verfahren wie dem Clipping und endovaskulären Therapieansätzen wie zum Beispiel dem (stentgestützten) Coiling oder der Implantation eines Flowdiverters differenziert. Bei Letzteren wird zwischen in-travaskulären und intrasakkulären Flowdivertern unterschieden, wobei das WEB-Device den intrasakkulären Flowdivertern zugeordnet werden kann, welche einen neuartigen Therapieansatz darstellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit vergleicht das WEB-Device hinsichtlich seiner Sicherheit und Effizienz mit den alternativen Behandlungsverfahren und ihren aus der Literatur bekannten Resultaten. Darüber hinaus soll die durchgeführte Studie klären, welche morphologischen Eigenschaften ein intrakranielles Aneurysma aufweisen sollte, um für die Behandlung mit dem WEB-Device in Fra-ge zu kommen. Weitere Fragestellungen der Studie untersuchen den Einfluss der dome-to-neck-ratio bzw. der Lokalisation eines intrakraniellen Aneurysmas auf den Behandlungserfolg. Ferner beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Frage, ob bestimmte Hirnarterien besonders häufig zu der Ausbildung von Aneurysmata neigen und inwieweit die Aneurysmata symptomatisch oder asymptomatisch verlaufen. Darüber hinaus soll geklärt werden, wie viele der mit dem WEB-Device behandelten Patientinnen und Patienten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung eines intrakraniellen Aneurysmas aufwiesen. Methodik: Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurde ein retrospektives Studiendesign gewählt. Es wur-den lediglich Patientinnen und Patienten in die Studie miteinbezogen, bei welchen zwischen 2014 und 2021 in der Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, am Universitäts-klinikum des Saarlandes, eine WEB-Device-Implantation zur Behandlung eines intrakraniellen Aneurysmas erfolgte. Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 44 Patientinnen und Patienten zwischen 26 und 82 Jahren, mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 59,7 Jahren, ausgewertet. Es wurden sowohl rupturierte als auch nicht rupturierte Aneurysmata in die Studie miteingeschlossen, wobei alle Aneurysmata eine sakkuläre Form aufwiesen. Die Beurteilung des Behandlungsergebnisses erfolgte anhand der WEB Occlusion Scale in einer Angiographie unmittelbar nach der Interventi-on und im Rahmen von Verlaufskontrollen nach drei, sechs und zwölf Monaten mithilfe einer Angiographie oder einer kraniellen Magnetresonanztomographie. Ergebnisse: Innerhalb des Studienkollektivs konnten keine Hirnnervenläsionen oder hämorrha-gischen Ereignisse nachgewiesen werden, welche in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Device-Implantation auftraten. Bei 5 % der Interventionen kam es zu einem thromboembolischen Ereig-nis, welches jedoch in keinem der beiden Fälle bleibende Schäden hinterließ. Der Anteil techni-scher Komplikationen und einer daraus resultierenden frustranen WEB-Device-Implantation be-lief sich innerhalb der Studie auf 11 %. Bei 14 % der Aneurysmata wurde die Implantation des WEB-Device mit einem weiteren endovaskulären Therapieansatz (zum Beispiel Coiling) kombi-niert. Unmittelbar post interventionem stellten sich 85 % der Aneurysmata als adäquat verschlos-sen dar, wobei die Beurteilung der Okklusion gemäß der WEB Occlusion Scale erfolgte. Zum Zeitpunkt der dritten Verlaufskontrolle nach zwölf Monaten waren 95 % der Aneurysmata adä-quat okkludiert. Bei den behandelten Aneurysmata handelte es sich ausschließlich um sakkuläre Gefäßaussackungen. Sowohl für breitbasige als auch für schmalbasige und kleine Aneurysmata mit einer Höhe von weniger als 4 mm konnten sehr gute Behandlungsergebnisse erzielt werden. Der Anteil breitbasiger Bifurkationsaneurysmata lag bei 34 %. Zwischen der dome-to-neck-ratio und dem Behandlungserfolg konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Insge-samt betrachtet, wiesen 91 % der behandelten Patientinnen und Patienten mindestens einen Risi-kofaktor für die Entstehung eines intrakraniellen Aneurysmas auf. Bei den drei häufigsten Risi-kofaktoren handelte es sich um das weibliche Geschlecht (61 %), die arterielle Hypertonie (57 %) und den Nikotinabusus (23 %). Darüber hinaus waren 73 % der behandelten Aneurysmata im Stromgebiet der Arteria carotis interna lokalisiert. Weitere 27 % ließen sich dem vertebrobasilären Stromgebiet zuordnen. Besonders häufig waren die Arteria communicans anterior (30 %), die Arteria cerebri media (30 %) und die Arteria basilaris (16 %) von der Ausbildung eines Aneu-rysmas betroffen. Ferner ließen sich bei 39 % der Patientinnen und Patienten multiple intrakrani-elle Aneurysmata nachweisen. Im Rahmen der Studie konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Aneurysma-Lokalisation und dem Behandlungserfolg nachgewiesen werden. 71 % der behandelten Aneurysmata stellten sich als asymptomatisch dar. Bei weiteren 27 % wurde eine Symptomatik geäußert. 11 % der nicht rupturierten Aneurysmata waren mit Kopfschmerzen und weitere 5 % mit visuellen Defiziten assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die oben erwähnten Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass es sich bei dem WEB-Device um einen sicheren und effizienten endovaskulären Behandlungsansatz für die Therapie sakkulärer intrakranieller Aneurysmata handelt, welcher verglichen mit den anderen Verfahren geringere Komplikationsraten und teilweise deutlich bessere Okklusionsraten erzielt. Dabei ist der Anwendungsbereich dieser Technik nicht nur auf breitbasige Aneurysmata beschränkt. Viel-mehr bewirkt die Implantation des Device sowohl bei kleinen Aneurysmata mit einer Höhe von weniger als 4 mm als auch bei schmalbasigen Aneurysmata sehr gute Resultate. Des Weiteren konnte die Arbeit die Notwendigkeit der adäquaten Behandlung von modifizierbaren Risikofakto-ren für die Entstehung intrakranieller Aneurysmata betonen und darlegen, dass diese durchaus mit dem Auftreten von unspezifischen Symptomen assoziiert sein können. Ferner scheint das WEB-Device auch bei der als komplex geltenden Behandlung intrakranieller Aneurysmata des hinteren Stromgebietes gute Resultate zu erzielen. Diese vielversprechende Tendenz sollte jedoch in weiteren groß angelegten Langzeit-Studien vertiefend untersucht werden.Background and purpose: It is estimated that unruptured intracranial aneurysms occur with a prevalence of approximately two to five percent worldwide. Because of the fact that those pa-thologies usually are not associated with any symptoms, they are often incidentally diagnosed. A rupture of an intracranial aneurysm would lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage which is an acute life-threatening complication allied with a high mortality rate. To prevent those serious aftermaths of aneurysm rupture there are currently different techniques existing regarding the preventive therapy as well as the therapy in acute rupture status. Related to this, those therapies must be distinguished between a neurosurgical (Clipping) and an endovascular (e.g. stentassisted coiling or the implantation of flowdiverting devices) approach. Regarding to these flow diverters it is differentiated between intravascular and intrasaccular devices whereby the WEB-device is related to the intrasaccular devices which are representing a novel treatment-strategy. This study compares the efficacy and safety of the WEB-device with the results of alternative treatment strategies and their outcome known from the literature. Furthermore, an aim of this study is to show which morphological traits make intracranial aneu-rysms suitable for a WEB-device implantation. Moreover, this trial is studying the effects of the dome-to-neck-ratio as well as the aneurysm-localization on treatment success. In addition to this it is scrutinized if there are any cerebral arteries having a disposition to the frequently develop-ment of aneurysms and up to what extend the aneurysms show symptoms or not. Beyond that this study should evaluate how many of the patients treated with the WEB-device implicate risk factors specific to the development of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: In this study patients who were treated with the WEB-device between 2014 and 2021 in the clinic for diagnostical and interventional neuroradiology at the university hospital of the Saarland, in Homburg (Germany), were retrospectively analyzed. Only patients who underwent this treatment-strategy for aneurysm-treatment were included. Overall, the data of 44 patients between 26 and 82 years of age with a mean age of 59,7 years was analyzed. Ruptured aneu-rysms were considered as well as unruptured ones. All aneurysms were assigned to the saccular type. The angiographic outcome was evaluated by the use of the Web Occlusion Scale immediate-ly after the intervention. Additionally, follow-ups were performed after three, six and twelve months either by angiography or cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Within the study collective there were no lesions of the cranial nerves or hemorrhagic complications related to the procedure of WEB-device implantation. In 5 % of the cases the pro-cedure was associated with thromboembolic events, with no permanent damage in both patients. Besides 11 % of the interventions were frustrating due to technical issues. 14 % of the aneu-rysms needed immediate additional endovascular treatment to the WEB-device (e.g. Coiling). Directly after the device implantation 85 % of the treated aneurysms showed an adequate occlu-sion, whereby the occlusion was rated by the WEB Occlusion Scale. Twelve months after treat-ment 95 % of the aneurysms were categorized as adequately occluded. Regarding to the mor-phology of the aneurysms treated, it must be mentioned that only aneurysms of the saccular type were included in this trial. The treatment results were very promising for aneurysms with a wide neck and a small neck as well. Even for small aneurysms with a height of 4 mm and less, very good results were shown. The percentage of wide-neck-bifurcation-aneurysms was 34 %. Be-tween the dome-to-neck-ratio and the treatment success no significant correlation could be shown. Overall, 91 % of the treated patients implicated at least one risk factor for the develop-ment of intracranial aneurysms. The three most common ones were female sex (61 %), arterial hypertension (57 %) and nicotine abuse (23 %). In addition to that 73 % of the aneurysms were located in the circulation of the internal carotid artery. Another 27 % could be assigned to the vertebrobasilar circulation. Particularly frequent aneurysm locations were the anterior communi-cating artery (30 %), the middle cerebral artery (30 %) and the basilar artery (16 %). Furthermore 39 % of the study population were diagnosed with multiple intracranial aneurysms. Besides there could no significant correlation be found concerning the influence of aneurysm location and its possible effects on treatment success. Additionally, 71 % of the aneurysms presented asympto-matic. From the 27 % of the aneurysms which imposed as symptomatic, 11 % were related to headache whereas 5 % were associated with visual deficits. Conclusion: The results mentioned above show that the WEB-device is a very safe, feasible and effective endovascular treatment approach in terms of saccular intracranial aneurysms. Com-pared to other treatment techniques the WEB-device seems to be superior in terms of safety and partially concerning the angiographic outcome. Thereby the device implantation can be realized not only in wide-neck-bifurcation-aneurysms but also in aneurysms with a small neck or in small aneurysms with a height of 4 mm or less. Furthermore, this study implicated the necessity of an adequate treatment of modifiable risk factors associated with the development of intracra-nial aneurysms and showed that intracranial aneurysms could be related to unspecific symptoms. In addition to that the WEB-device seems to achieve good results in the treatment of aneurysms located in the posterior circulation, which often is considered as very complex in its treatment. This is a promising tendency which should be evaluated in further long-term large-case-trials

    Taxonomic characterization of a novel marine streptomyces and its application in nybomycin production enhancement through systems metabolic engineering

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    Members of the genus Streptomyces are renowned for their ability to produce variety of natural products. Given the rising concern over the antibiotics resistance in the past decades, nybomycin has emerged as promising candidate to re-establish clinical effectiveness of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, isolating novel Streptomyces strains capable of efficiently producing known antibiotics remains crucial. Here we identified a new isolate from the coastal rhizosphere soil of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. on the Crimean Peninsula by a multiphase identification method. This isolate has been designated as Streptomyces explomaris. S. explomaris revealed promising performance as heterologous nybomycin producer when compared to other hosts. Global transcriptomic analysis indicated unfavorably downregulated genes, related to precursor supply including the pentose phosphate and the shikimate pathways. In contrast, the regulatory genes nybW and nybX were found up-regulated. Guided by these insights, stepwise metabolic engineering globally addressed the observed bottlenecks. After several rounds of optimization, S. explomaris NYB-3B achieved a significantly improved nybomycin titer of 57 mg L-1, about five-fold more than parental strain. Finally, S. explomaris NYB-3B was successfully applied to valorize commercially available seaweed hydrolysates, demonstrating the potential of sustainable marine-derived feedstocks for enhanced antibiotic production.Die Vertreter der Gattung Streptomyces sind bekannt für ihre Fähigkeit, eine Vielzahl natürlicher Produkte zu synthetisieren. Angesichts der zunehmenden Besorgnis über Antibiotikaresistenzen in den letzten Jahrzehnten ist Nybomycin als vielversprechender Kandidat hervorgetreten, um die klinische Wirksamkeit der Fluorchinolon-Antibiotika gegenüber Staphylococcus aureus wiederherzustellen. Daher ist die Isolierung neuer Streptomyces-Stämme, die bekannte Antibiotika effizient produzieren können, von großer Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde mittels eines mehrstufigen Identifikationsverfahrens ein neuer Stamm aus der küstennahen Rhizosphären-Erde von Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. auf der Halbinsel Krim isoliert. Dieser Stamm wurde als Streptomyces explomaris benannt. Im Vergleich zu anderen heterologen Produktionswirten zeigte S. explomaris eine vielversprechende Leistung als Produzent von Nybomycin. Eine globale transkriptomische Analyse offenbarte eine unerwünschte Herunterregulierung von Genen, die mit der Vorstufenversorgung in Verbindung stehen, insbesondere in den Stoffwechselwegen des Pentosephosphats und des Shikimats. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden die regulatorischen Gene nybW und nybX hochreguliert vorgefunden. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse wurden schrittweise metabolische Optimierungen durchgeführt, um die beobachteten Engpässe systematisch zu beseitigen. Nach mehreren Optimierungsrunden erreichte der Stamm S. explomaris NYB-3B eine signifikant verbesserte Nybomycinausbeute von 57 mg L-1, etwa das Fünffache des Ausgangsstamms. Schließlich wurde der Stamm S. explomaris NYB-3B erfolgreich eingesetzt, um kommerziell verfügbare Algenhydrolysate aufzuwerten, was das Potenzial mariner nachwachsender Rohstoffe für eine nachhaltige und verbesserte Antibiotikaproduktion demonstriert

    The role of key European issues in the 2024 election campaign

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    International crises and Euroscepticism have made European issues prominent in citizens’ lives. This article studies the role of three key European issues – migration, the environment, and EU integration – for political parties and citizens. The analysis centres on nine EU member states, combining party manifestos from the 2024 European Parliament elections with survey data. It finds a gap between the concerns of citizens and the political parties, an important consideration for election campaigns in general. Moreover, the analysis suggests that the salience in party manifestos has a modest direct influence and a stronger indirect impact on their appeal to citizens in most countries studied. Specifically, citizens concerned with migration and the environment evaluate parties based on the prominence they give to these issues during the campaign. The findings offer important avenues for further research on party issue emphasis and the measurement of issue salience via large language models (LLMs)

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