Luleå University of Technology Publications
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Security Operation Centers: The Human Experience of Security Analysts
No full textIn cybersecurity, humans are frequently considered the weakest link, and for good reason, they are prone to making mistakes and susceptible to manipulation. This is well-known by malicious actors who commonly tailor their attacks to exploit this type of weakness. With the exponential growth in cyberattacks, security professionals struggle to keep up. At the frontlines, security analysts are charged with protecting organisational infrastructure targeted by financial or political adversaries, insider threats or sophisticated nation-state actors. In this task, analysts operate in a high-stress environment characterised by an ever-increasing workload with high-impact decisions. It is widely acknowledged that the demanding nature of the job frequently leads to fatigue and burnout, resulting in sick leaves, high turnover rates and sometimes even a change of career paths. This thesis presents an investigation into the experiences of security analysts, focusing on sources of stress, fatigue, and frustration, and on identifying their underlying causes. A qualitative approach was employed, collecting empirical data through semi-structured interviews with security analysts. The research participants were employed by a managed service security provider (MSSP) operating a distributed security operation center (SOC) based from multiple locations in two countries. Five distinct themes of problems were identified and further explored: workload, communication, information, knowledge development, and technology. This resulted in the identification of specific problems and root causes for each of the themes. The findings in the study align with previous research within the field. However, due to the limited amount of similar studies, the study has been able to shed some new light on how specific issues can impact analysts' experiences in the field. These insights can hopefully contribute to the enhancement of SOC processes across the industry, proactively supporting analysts in the future.
Mechanical Degradation of Grout During Tunnel Excavation in Hard Rock
No full textExcavation of underground spaces in large scale infrastructure projects encounters challenges with water ingress. A common method to reduce the water ingress is grouting to limit the zone of influence. Demands on lowering the water ingress are high, which reduces the excavation rate. Research aiming to make the grouting process more efficient is ongoing. One stage in the process is the time between completed grouting and continued excavation. Usually, it is determined that the grout needs to reach a certain shear strength before the excavation is continued. This pause in excavation is often set to five hours, to not mechanically degrade grout during excavation. The aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to study the necessary pause in excavation and to study the effective penetration length in a laboratory environment by implementing theories on viscous fingering. Rheometer measurements were done by conducting rheological and mechanical measurements on grout. Rotatory tests and oscillatory tests have been conducted in a Rheometer with different measurement geometries. A modified version of a three interval thixotropy test (3iTT) was used to measure the recovery time of grout, in conjunction with amplitude sweeps to measure shear strength and flow point. The cone and plate geometry were the most appropriate measurement geometry to study the properties early in the curing process. When longer tests were conducted, the plate and plate geometry was more suitable. The two predominant mechanical events affecting grout during tunnel excavation were the stress induced by the hydraulic gradient and the vibrations induced by blasting the rock mass. Theories on viscous fingering were implemented, and a mathematical equation was derived to describe the effective penetration length depending on hydraulic gradient. The theory was the region affected by viscous fingering is governed by the difference in pressure gradient of the grout and water. The effective penetration length is the region of grout which has not been affected by viscous fingering. Tests were conducted in a fracture replica in conjunction with rheological measurements to measure the effective penetration length. The results validated the theory, which suggested the flow, viscosity, fracture aperture and hydraulic gradient determines the effective penetration length. In addition to the lab tests, two field tests were conducted to investigate the blast’s influence on grout. The transmissivity of the rock mass was determined by water loss measurements. The rock mass was then grouted followed by another water loss measurement. The rock mass was charged and blasted within three hours of curing. Rheological measurements from the lab environment were analysed to mechanically describe the shear stress, shear strain and shear moduli in the grout. Triaxial vibration measurement devices were installed in the surrounding rock mass and a conceptual model was created to interpret vibrations as maximum shear strain. This study concluded grout only experiences high enough shear strain very close to the initiation point of the explosives to begin flowing. The shear strain was sufficiently great to temporarily damage the grout one meter from the detonation point. The temporarily damaged grout was more prone to erosion during the recovery time but later regained its shear strength
Promoting social inclusion for the elderly in ordinary housing : A literature review on enabling factors and barriers
No full textSyfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att identifiera faktorer som möjliggör och begränsar social delaktighet hos äldre personer (62-100 år) som bor i ordinärt boende. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt av kvalitativa studier genomfördes med litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och Scopus. Sex studier, publicerade mellan 2015 och 2025, inkluderades och kvalitetsbedömdes. Data analyserades genom tematisering och kategorisering. Resultat: Resultatet visade på faktorer som kan påverka social delaktighet hos äldre personer. Tre huvudsakliga teman identifierades: individuella resurser och förutsättningar, sociala nätverk och gemenskap samt infrastruktur och samhälleliga strukturer. Hälsa, självbestämmande och digital kompetens var centrala individuella faktorer. Närhet till vänner och familj samt tillgång till sociala aktiviteter kan påverka delaktigheten på nätverksnivå. Samhälleliga strukturer, som transportmöjligheter och tillgång till inkluderande mötesplatser, var viktiga förutsättningar på en strukturell nivå. Slutsats: Social delaktighet påverkas av både individuella och samhälleliga faktorer, och det krävs samarbete på flera nivåer för att skapa inkluderande miljöer. Arbetsterapeutiska insatser kan spela en viktig roll i att främja social delaktighet genom att stödja individers fysiska och psykiska förutsättningar, skapa sociala möjligheter och påverka samhällsstrukturer för ökad tillgänglighet och inkludering.Aim: The aim of this literature review was to identify enabling factors and barriers to social participation among older adults (62-100 years old) living at home. Method: A general literature review of qualitative studies was conducted through systematic searches in the databases PubMed and Scopus. Six studies, published between 2015 and 2025, were included and assessed for quality. The data were analyzed through thematic synthesis and categorization. Results: The findings identified key factors influencing social participation among older adults. Three overarching themes emerged: individual resources and capabilities, social networks and community, and infrastructure and societal structures. Health, autonomy, and digital competence were central individual determinants. Social participation at the network level was influenced by proximity to friends and family, as well as access to social activities. At a structural level, societal factors such as transportation options and the availability of inclusive social spaces were crucial for participation. Conclusion: Social participation is influenced by both individual and societal factors, and collaboration at multiple levels is required to create inclusive environments. Occupational therapy interventions can play a significant role in promoting social participation by supporting individuals' physical and psychological well-being, facilitating social engagement, and advocating for societal structures that enhance accessibility and inclusion
Needs Assessment and Performance Comparison of Different Fan Types : at Kalmar Induesties
No full textIn this report, the optimizing potential of the cooling system in Kalmar Industries forklift DCG100-180T is studied. The rapport starts to present the different parts of a cooling package such as water pumps, thermostats, expansion tanks and interior heaters. The comparison of different cooling fans was carried out through tests and various calculations. After finish project it was established that the diesel use for this model could be reduced by 6.3\% with a controllable fan instead of the current solution. In the conclusion its established that a combination of electrical driven fans and a viscus clutch would be the most efficient solution for future cooling systems.
The Singing Guitarist : My Duality within Jazz Improvisation
No full textJazz improvisation often involves a deep relationship between the performer and their instrument, but what happens when the performer inhabits two instruments at once? This thesis explores the dynamic interplay between guitar and voice in the context of jazz improvisation, and how this duality shapes personal musical expression. The aim is to investigate how improvisational ideas manifest differently when playing guitar or when singing, and how each discipline informs the other. The musical material consists of three jazz standards, each recorded twice in two separate sessions, once as an instrumental version and once as a vocal version, resulting in a total of twelve recordings. The process involves deliberate and exploratory practice, recording, transcription, analysis, and reflective journaling. The recordings and the transcriptions are analysed with attention to melody, rhythm, and harmony, alongside qualitative reflections on the improvisational experience. What emerges is not just a comparison between two means of expression, but a conversation, one that reveals how technique, intuition, and identity coalesce when navigating the space between guitar playing and singing
Hadron Identification Prospects with Granular Calorimeters
No full textIn this work we consider the problem of determining the identity of hadrons at high energies based on the topology of their energy depositions in dense matter, along with the time of the interactions. Using GEANT4 simulations of a homogeneous lead tungstate calorimeter with high transverse and longitudinal segmentation, we investigated the discrimination of protons, positive pions, and positive kaons at 100 GeV. The analysis focuses on the impact of calorimeter granularity by progressively merging detector cells and extracting features like energy deposition patterns and timing information. Two machine learning approaches, XGBoost and fully connected deep neural networks, were employed to assess the classification performance across particle pairs. The results indicate that fine segmentation improves particle discrimination, with higher granularity yielding more detailed characterization of energy showers. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of shower radius, energy fractions, and timing variables in distinguishing particle types. The XGBoost model demonstrated computational efficiency and interpretability advantages over deep learning for tabular data structures, while achieving similar classification performance. This motivates further work required to combine high- and low-level feature analysis, e.g., using convolutional and graph-based neural networks, and extending the study to a broader range of particle energies and types.Validerad;2025;Nivå 1;2025-05-23 (u8);Full text license: CC BY</p
Angular analysis of the B0 → K⁎(892)0μ+μ− decay in proton-proton collisions at √s=13TeV
No full textA full set of optimized observables is measured in an angular analysis of the decay B0 → K∗(892)0μ+μ− using asample of proton-proton collisions at √ = 13TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspondingto an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The analysis is performed in six bins of the squared invariant mass ofthe dimuon system, 2, over the range 1.1 < 2 < 16GeV2. The results are among the most precise experimentalmeasurements of the angular observables for this decay and are compared to a variety of predictions based onthe standard model. Some of these predictions exhibit tension with the measurements.Godkänd;2025;Nivå 0;2025-05-28 (u8);For funding information see: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325001662?via%3Dihub#ac0010;Full text license: CC BY</p
Min röst i musiken : En konstnärlig resa i låtskrivandet
No full textUnder det senaste året har jag upptäckt glädjen i att skriva låtar och har därför genom detta arbete testat olika tillvägagångssätt att skriva låtar på. Jag har främst fokuserat på text och melodi och sedan tagit hjälp av min vän och medproducent Hugo Hellquist att tonsätta låtarna med ackord. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka sex tillvägagångssätt inom låtskrivning för att utvecklas som låtskrivare ur ett text- och melodiperspektiv. Mitt mål har också varit att studera tillvägagångssättens påverkan på den kreativa processen. Under arbetets gång har jag även fokuserat på hur jag utvecklas i min roll som ledare av projektet, främst under inspelningsfasen. Arbetet har resulterat i sex färdiga låtar som representerar de olika tillvägagångssätten jag använt mig av. Tack vare det här arbetet har jag lärt mig mer om låtskrivning och vilka redskap jag kan använda mig av för att börja skriva en låt.
Det medvetna kompet : En studie i koordination och variation i pianospel
No full textSyftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka pianots roll inom pop- och jazzgenrerna, med särskilt fokus på hur pianokomp kan varieras beroende på låtens stil och sättning, samt hur koordinationen kan förbättras genom medveten övning av samspelet mellan höger och vänster hand. För att identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter i pianokoordination har jag analyserat ett antal låtar och även arbetat praktiskt genom att öva på specifika låtar i syfte att utveckla min egen koordinationsförmåga. Den kunskap jag fått genom detta arbete har sedan mynnat ut i tre inspelningar, där jag har arrangerat och spelat in egna pianokomp – vart och ett med olika sättningar för att belysa variationer i stil och samspel
Ensuring Integration Resilience : Navigating Cybersecurity Third Party Management Post Merger in Industrial Manufacturing Mergers
No full textCybersecurity third-party management challenges are increasingly notable in post-merger phases of M&A. Effective management of these challenges and potential risks is necessary to ensure secure integration of systems, vendors and processes. Existing literature on the topic has primarily focused on general IT integration, supply chain and third-party management practices for cybersecurity, and often separately. This study addresses this gap by examining the specific challenges and mitigation strategies related to third-party cybersecurity after a merger has occurred, with an additional and related contextual look at the pre-merger inheritance into thepost-merger phase. A revelatory embedded single-case study design was applied to an industrial manufacturing organization, with interviews and documentation as primary data sources. This design enabled in-depth exploration of M&A and third-party cybersecurity practices, both on organizational, people and process level. The data was analyzed using pattern matching against theoretical propositions. The conclusion of the study is that the identified challenges, measures and strategies can be addressed through a phase-type model to be applied into existing M&A processes. The model includes enhanced due diligence, context-aware standardization, system and vendor alignment, governance and change management. They are all intended to support a secure, sequential but also overarching socio-technical progress for efficient post-merger third-party cybersecurity management